英語四級考試翻譯訓練題及參考翻譯
英語四級考試翻譯訓練題(一)
贏政(前259年～前210年)，莊襄王之子，秦朝的開國皇帝。他13歲繼承秦王王位，21歲親理國事。在公元前221年，秦始皇統(tǒng)一了全國，建立了中國歷史上第一個中央集權的(centralized )封建國家。秦始皇在位期間統(tǒng)一了文字、貨幣和度量衡等;他所開創(chuàng)的皇權制度，在中國歷史上一直延續(xù)了兩千多年。然而，秦始皇為了控制人民和加強專制統(tǒng)治(autocratic rule), 采取了許多殘忍的手段，其中最著名的就是“焚書坑儒”。
英語四級考試翻譯訓練題翻譯講解
Ying Zheng (259 B.C.-210 B.C.), the son of King Zhuangxiang, is the first emperor of the Qin Dynasty. He ascended the throne at 13, and took over with state affairs himself at 21. In 221 B.C., Qin Shi Huang unified the country and established the first centralized feudal state in Chinese history. Qin Shi Huang unified the Chinese characters in writing, currency, and measures for length, capacity and weight. The imperial power system set up by him lasted for more than 2,000 years in Chinese history. However, in order to control people and strengthen the autocratic rule, Qin Shi Huang took many brutal means. The most famous one is “Fen Shu Keng Ru”，that is to burn books and bury Confucian scholars alive.
1.繼承:表示皇族“繼承”王位，一般用ascend;若使用succeed,后面應有to。
2.國事:指國家事務，可譯為state affairs。
3.度量衡:“度”即“計量長短”，“量”即“計量容積”，“衡”即“計量輕重”，翻譯時三者缺一不可，可譯為 measures for length, capacity and weight。
4.焚書坑儒:作為一個事件的描述，可直接用漢語拼音表達，然后用英文注釋， 故可譯為“Fen Shu Keng Ru”，that is, to burn books and bury Confucian scholars alive。
英語四級考試翻譯訓練題(二)
孟子
孟子(Mencius)是戰(zhàn)國時期(the Warring States Period )偉大的思想家、教育家。孔子去世100年后，孟子傳授并發(fā)展了孔子的學說，他的哲學思想與孔子是一脈相承的。孟子認為人性本善，是社會的影響引發(fā)了道德的墮落，因此十分重視道德教育。孟子的母親在他的生命中扮演了重要的角色，她曾三度遷居，只為了幫助她的孩子找到一個合適的成長環(huán)境。
英語四級考試翻譯訓練題翻譯講解
Mencius is a great ideologist and educator in the Warring States Period. A hundred years after Confucius died, Mencius taught and expanded Confucian doctrine. His philosophical thinking has its origin in Confucius'thoughts. Mencius believes that human nature is essentially good, and it is society's influence that causes the degradation of morality. For that reason, he attaches great importance to moral education. Mencius'mother plays an important role in his life. She moved home three times only to find an environment that she felt was suitable for the child's upbringing.
1.與...一脈相承:可譯為 have origin in...或者 originated from...
2.發(fā)展了孔子的學說:“發(fā)展”可翻譯為develop或者expand;“孔子的學說” 即Confucian doctrine。
3.人性本善:即“人的天性是善良的”，故可譯為human nature is essentially good。
4.道德的墮落:可譯為the degradation of morality,也可簡單譯為bad moral character。
5.重視:有固定的譯法:attaches great importance to sth.，也可以用 value。
6.扮演了重要的角色:可譯為play an important role in...
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