科學研究的方法不過是人類思維運作的必要模式的表現：這種模式就是通過它來推理、論證所有的現象并給出精確的解釋。用普通的天平稱貨物的面包師與用精密天平的化學家在操作與方法上的區別并不是面包師的天平與化學家的天平在構造上和工作原理上的不同，而只是后者是比前者精密得多的儀器，當然也能得出比前者更準確的結果。

　　The method of scientific investigation is nothing butthe expression of the necessary mode of working ofthe human mind: it is simply the mode by which allphenomena are reasoned about and given preciseand exact explanations. The difference between theoperations and methods of a baker weighing out hisgoods in common scales, and the operations of a chemist by means of his balance is not thatthe scales in the one case, and the balance in the other, differ in the principles of theirconstruction or manner of working; but that the latter is a much finer apparatus and ofcourse much more accurate in its measurement than the former.

　　諷刺文學的存在是因為有對它的需求。他之所以延續下來是因為它給讀者帶來耳目一新的刺激，毫不留情地提醒著他們生存的世界是一個充滿陳腐的思想、廉價的道德和愚蠢的哲學的地方，而這些恰恰贏來讀者的欣賞。

　　Satire exists because there is need for it. It has livedbecause readers appreciate a refreshing stimulus,an irreverent reminder that they live in a world ofplatitudinous thinking, cheap moralizing, and foolishphilosophy.

　　《孫子兵法》是中國古代最偉大的軍事理論著作，也是中國古籍在世界上影響最為廣泛的著作之一。它所闡述的謀略思想和哲學思想，被廣泛地運用于軍事、政治、經濟等各領域中。《孫子兵法》的作者孫武總結春秋時期的戰爭經驗，揭示了一系列帶普遍性的軍事規律，提出了一套完整的軍事理論體系。《孫子兵法》共13篇，每篇一個主題。比如《謀攻》篇講述如何進攻敵國。孫武主張以盡可能小的代價，去取得最大的成功，力求不戰而勝，他指出：用兵的上策首先是以政治謀略取勝，其次是用外交手段，再次是使用武力，下策才是攻城。

　　The Art of War is one of most famous works onmilitary theory of ancient China.It is also one of themost influential Chinese ancient books in theworld.It elaborates on strategic and philosophicthinking which have been applied widely to variousfields,such as military,politics,economy,etc.Its author,Sun Wu,summed up the experience ofwars in the Spring and Autumn period,showing a series of universal laws of military.At last,heput forward an integrated system of military theory.The book is divided into thirteenchapters,and each chapter has a topic.For example,the chapter titled The Strategic Attack tellsus how to attack enemies.Sun Wu advocated that we should achieve the biggest success at apossibly minimum cost,and even sometimes made it without war.He pointed out that there werefour ways to win a war:the best was political strategy,the second diplomacy,the thirdforce,and the worst attacking a city.

　　考點解析：

　　《孫子兵法》的作者孫武總結春秋時期的戰爭經驗，揭示了一系列帶普遍性的軍事規律，提出了一套完整的軍事理論體系。

　　分析:

　　本句是由三個短句構成的長句，包含兩層意思，前兩句是說孫武前期的經驗總結，處理成“主句+伴隨狀語”: Itsauthor,Sun Wu,summed up the experience of wars in the Spring and Autumn period,showing aseries of universal laws of military,最后一句是說他最終的成就，單獨譯為一個句子: At last,he putforward an integrated system of military theory。