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　　臉譜(facial makeup)是指中國傳統(tǒng)戲劇—京劇里男演員臉部的彩色化妝。 它在色彩、形式和類型上有一定的格式。臉譜運用紅色、黃色、白色、黑色、紫色、綠色和銀色代表不同的人物性格。各角色的臉譜由油漆、粉和油彩畫成，基 本形式是整臉、三塊瓦臉(San Kuai Wa Lian)和碎臉。這些臉譜類型被廣泛用于代 表、官員、英雄、神靈和鬼魅。通過眼睛和鼻子周圍形狀各異的白色小塊, 可以辨別出丑角(Chou actors)。有時這些小塊以黑色勾勒，常稱小花臉。

　　Facial makeup refers to the colorful painting on theface of the actors in Peking Opera, which is atraditional Chinese opera. It has certain format interms of color,design and type.Red，yellow，white，black，purple，green and silverare the main colors used for facial makeup to represent different characters. The facial designsfor the roles are made by painting, powdering and coloring in the basic forms of ZhengLzan(keeping the basic face pattern)，San Kuai Wa Lian(three-section face) and SuiLian(fragmentary face).These types are widely used to represent generals,officials，heroes,gods and ghosts. The Chou (clown) actors can be recognized by the patch of white in variousshapes painted around the eyes and nose. Sometimes these patches are outlined in black, oftencalled Xiao Hua Lian(partly painted face).

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　　明朝(the Ming Dynasty)初期,中國是世界上最發(fā)達的國家之一。為了弘揚國力、加強與其他各國的聯(lián)系,明成祖多次派遣鄭和出使西洋。1405年,鄭和開始了第一次航行。他的艦隊由200多艘船構(gòu)成,所載人數(shù)超過2萬人,包括水手、軍人、技術(shù)人員、譯員等,還有大量黃金和絲綢,用于交易和作為禮品。往返用了兩年時間。鄭和出使的一些國家隨船派遣使者(envoy),并帶來向明朝進貢的貢品(tribute)。鄭和下西洋是世界航海史上的一大壯舉(feat)。今天,東南亞仍有很多紀(jì)念鄭和的建筑。

　　In the early Ming Dynasty, China was one of themost developed countries in the world.In order totransmit its national power and strengthencontacts with other countries,Emperor Chengzu sentZheng He to the Western Ocean many times.In1405,Zheng He embarked on his first voyage.His fleet was composed of more than 200 shipsand carried over 20,000 men,including sailors,soldiers,technical personnel,interpretersetc.,and large amounts of gold and silk to be used for trade and as gifts.The round trip tooktwo years.Some of the countries Zheng He visited dispatched envoys bearing tributes to theMing court on his ships.Zheng He's voyages were a great feat in the world's navigationhistory.Today,there are still many buildings in Southeast Asia dedicated to his memory.