The Qin Dynasty was the first unitary,multi-national and power-centralized,feudal dynasty in Chinese history.Although lasting only for 15 years,it played an important role in Chinese history and exerted a great influence on the foltowing dynasties.To strengthen the unity of the nation and to perpetuate the Qin Dynasty,Emperor Qin Shi Huang carried out many reforms in politics,economy,military affairs and culture.In politics,he declared himself the emperor of the stale in possession of all major powers.In economy,he standardized weights and measures as well as money.In Addition,he standardized the written characters and the distance between two wheels.The miracle of the world,the Great Wall of China was also built under his order.

　　唐朝(the Tang Dynasty)是中國歷史上統(tǒng)一時(shí)間最長，國力最強(qiáng)盛的朝代之一。唐朝全盛時(shí)期在文化，科技，政治，經(jīng)濟(jì)，外交等方面都取得了很高的成就。中國歷史上有大量的科技發(fā)明，四大發(fā)明中有兩個(gè)，即火藥和活字印刷(movable-type printing),都誕生于唐朝。這一時(shí)期文學(xué)發(fā)展達(dá)到高峰，其中詩歌最為興盛，唐詩至今仍家喻戶曉。海外的華僑華人往往稱自己是“唐人”，他們聚居的地方便被稱為“唐人街”。每逢春節(jié)，這里都要耍龍燈(dragon-lantern show),舞獅子，仍然保留著中國的傳統(tǒng)風(fēng)俗。

　　The Tang Dynasty is one of the dynasties which had been unified for the longest time and had the strongest national power in Chinese history.In its heyday, the Tang Dynasty gained great achievements in culture,science and technology,politics, economy and diplomacy.In histoiy, China had many scientific and technological inventions, among which gunpowder and the movable-type printing of the Four Great Inventions were invented in the Tang Dynasty.Literature reached its peak at that time, especially poetry.And Tang poems are still widely known now.Overseas Chinese and ethnic Chinese often call themselves “Tang People”，and the place where they live is called “Chinatown”.During the Spring Festival, traditional Chinese customs, such as dragon-lantern show and lion dance, are still kept there.

　　春秋戰(zhàn)國時(shí)期是中國歷史上大變革的時(shí)代，社會(huì)大變革促進(jìn)了文化的繁榮。這一時(shí)期出現(xiàn)了老子、莊子、孔子、孟子、荀子、墨子(Xuncius)、韓非子等大思想家。比如，老子認(rèn)為各種事物都有對立面，如福和禍、有和無、強(qiáng)和弱等都是對立的雙方，它們之間會(huì)相互轉(zhuǎn)化。墨子開創(chuàng)了墨家學(xué)派(Mohism)，主張節(jié)約，反對浪費(fèi)。他們從不同的立場和角度出發(fā)，對當(dāng)時(shí)的社會(huì)發(fā)表主張并逐步形成了眾多派別，在中國歷史上被稱為“諸子百家”(Hundred Schools ofThought)。

　　The Spring and Autumn period and the Warring States period saw a great transformation in Chinese history which promoted cultural prosperity.Great thinkers such as Laozi，Zhuangzi, Confucius, Mencius, Xuncius, Mozi, HanFeizi all lived in these periods.For instance, Laozi thought that every coin has two sides, such as weal and woe, existence and inexistence, strong and weak, which are opposite and can transform to each other.Mozi set up the school of Mohism, advocating thrift while opposing waste.From different positions and perspectives,they released voices on the social issues，and gradually formed different schools,which were called Hundred Schools of Thought in Chinese history.