《清明上河圖》(Riverside Scene on Tomb-SweepingDay)為北宋末年，南宋初年的畫家張擇端所繪，展現了清明時分北宋都城東京汴河(Bianhe River)兩岸的景象。全畫分為三部分:第一部分描繪晨光下的景象，郊外岸邊緩緩行進的馱隊;第二部分描繪汴河橋一片繁忙的景象;第三部分描繪市區街道上的景象，商人來來往往。整幅畫卷寬24.8厘米，長528.7厘米，描繪的人物約500多個，動物50多個，樹木約170多棵。這幅出色的繪畫作品使我們更好地了解當時北宋都城的生活。

　　Riverside Scene on Tomb-Sweeping Day was paintedby Zhang Zeduan，a painter lived in the lateNorthern Song Dynasty and early Southern SongDynasty.It depicts scenes along the Bianhe River inDongjing，the capital city of the Northern SongDynasty on the Tomb-Swecping Day.The painting is divided into three parts.The first partdcpicts a team of pack animals walking slowly along the river bank in the suburbs in the morninglight; the second part portrays the bustling scene around the Bianhe bridge over the river; thethird part shows the downtown streets, crowded with people doing business.The whole scroll is24.8 centimeters wide and 528.7 centimeters long, and has approximately more than 500people, over 50 animals, and 170 trees depicted on it.This wonderful painting makes us studybetter the life of people at that time in the Northern Song capital city.

　　諸葛亮是中國古代杰出的政治家，軍事家。作為遁世(recluse)之人,諸葛亮致力于學習知識，其智慧之名廣為流傳。劉備曾三顧茅廬，請求諸葛亮相助。諸葛亮為劉備詳細分析局勢，建議劉備與孫權聯手對抗曹操。劉備采納了他的建議，在赤壁之戰(Battle of the Red Cliff)中挫敗曹操、稱帝后不久，劉備去世。臨終時，劉備代表兒子劉嬋將蜀國江山托付給諸葛亮。諸葛亮對內廣泛推行改革，納賢臣，提高農業生產，加強灌溉工程，強調軍隊紀律，很快就幫蜀國克服重重危機。

　　Zhuge Liang was a brilliant politician and strategist in ancient China.Being a recluse, Zhuge Liang devoted himself to acquiring knowledge, and his reputation of wisdom spread widely.Liu Bei once visited Zhuge Liang three times to ask for his assistance.Zhuge Liang analyzed the situation in detail for Liu Bei, and recommended that he and Sun Quan should fight against Cao Cao hand in hand.Liu Bei adopted his suggestion and defeated Cao Cao in the Battle of the Red Cliff.Not long after being the emperor of Shu, Liu Bei passed away.Before Liu Bei died, he entrusted the state power of Shu to Zhuge Liang on behalf of his son,Liu Shan.Zhuge Liang carried out widespread domestic reforms, employing people with ability, improving agricultural production and construction of irrigation works, and stressing discipline in the army，which helped Shu overcome a series of crises soon.