1.由石頭刻成:可譯為is carved out of stone。注意這里介詞out of的使用。

　　2.常見(jiàn)的裝飾物:可譯為common ornament。

　　3.—對(duì)獅子:可譯為paired lions。還可以用a pair of lions表達(dá)。

　　4.不是我們所熟悉的獅子:“我們所熟悉的獅子”可用定語(yǔ)從句譯為the lions we are familiar with，be familiar with 意為“對(duì)...熟悉”。

　　5.引入:使用詞組be introduced into表達(dá)。

　　6.驅(qū)除邪靈:可譯為drive away the evil spirits。

　　長(zhǎng)安，今稱西安，是唐朝的都城。唐朝時(shí)期的長(zhǎng)安約比今天的西安大11倍，是具有國(guó)際聲譽(yù)的大都市(metropolis)。長(zhǎng)安的街道和住宅設(shè)計(jì)得像一個(gè)棋盤，東西布局整潔、勻稱。長(zhǎng)安城內(nèi)，很多街道的寬度都超過(guò)了100米。長(zhǎng)安也是當(dāng)時(shí)中國(guó)的文化中心，有豐富多樣的娛樂(lè)活動(dòng)，如音樂(lè)、舞蹈、斗雞(cock fighting)等。很多日本和朝鮮的學(xué)生紛紛來(lái)到長(zhǎng)安學(xué)習(xí)，中亞的商人經(jīng)絲綢之路(the Silk Road) 聚集在此。長(zhǎng)安城約100萬(wàn)人口之中，外國(guó)人就超過(guò)了1萬(wàn)戶。

　　Chang'an，now called Xi'an，was the capital city ofthe Tang Dynasty. During the Tang Dynasty,Chang'an was nearly eleven times as large as today'sXi'an，and was a metropolis with an internationalreputation. The streets and residences of Chang'anwere designed like a chessboard, with neat and well-proportioned layout of the east and west.Lots of streets and avenues inside the city were over100 meters wide.Chang'an was also the cultural center of China at that time，with rich andcolorful entertainment activities such as music，dancing,cock fighting，etc.Many students fromJapan and Korea came to study in Chang'an，and merchants from Central Asia went along theSilk Road to gather there.Among the population of about one million in Chang'an，there weremore than 10,000 foreign households.

　　1.今稱西安:作為同位語(yǔ)，可譯為now called Xi'an，也可以說(shuō)now known as Xi'an。

　　2.具有國(guó)際聲譽(yù)的大都市:可譯為a metropolis with aninternational reputation。

　　3.設(shè)計(jì)得像一個(gè)棋盤:可譯為be designed like achessboard。

　　4.布局:可譯為layout。“東西布局”即 layout of the eastand west。

　　5.勻稱:可譯為well-proportioned或well-balanced。

　　6.寬度都超過(guò)了100米:可譯為over 100 meters wide 或over 100 meters in width。

　　7.—萬(wàn)戶:其中“戶”可譯為household，且用復(fù)數(shù)。

　　自隋朝起,封建政府開(kāi)始從科舉考試(imperial examination)合格的應(yīng)試者中選拔官員。參加科舉考試的人有兩種:一種由學(xué)館選送的學(xué)生構(gòu)成,叫做生徒 (shengtu);另一種叫做鄉(xiāng)貢(xianggong),由縣試合格者構(gòu)成。唐朝的科舉考試一般由禮部(Ministry of Rites)主持。考生考取后,再經(jīng)吏部(Ministry of Personnel)復(fù)試,根據(jù)成績(jī)授予相應(yīng)的官職。科舉制度一直被多朝沿用,直到中國(guó)最后一個(gè)封建王朝—清朝。然而,明清時(shí)期,科舉制度演變成嚴(yán)格、呆板的制度,阻礙了中國(guó)考試制度的現(xiàn)代化和科學(xué)化發(fā)展。

　　Since the Sui Dynasty,the feudal government startedto select officials from the qualified candidates inthe imperial examinations.There were two kinds ofpeople taking the imperial examination.One wascomprised of students chosen by academies, whowere called shengtu; the other kind,called xianggong, was made up of those who had passedthe examinations held by counties.The imperial examination in the Tang Dynasty was usuallyheld by the Ministry of Rites.Those who passed the examination would be re-examined by theMinistry of Personnel and be conferred with relevant official positions according to theirexamination results.The imperial examination system was used throughout many dynastiesuntil China's last imperial dynasty,the Qing Dynasty.However, during the Ming and QingDynasties,the imperial examination system became a strict and rigid institution whichstopped China from adopting modern and scientific methods.

　　1.選拔官員:可譯為select officials。

　　2.學(xué)館:即古代的學(xué)校,此處的“學(xué)校”可以推薦當(dāng)官,可見(jiàn)譯為school不合適, 能夠推薦當(dāng)官的應(yīng)該是高等學(xué)府,故譯為academy。

　　3.由…構(gòu)成:可用詞組be comprised of來(lái)表達(dá),還可以用詞組consist of, be made up of。

　　4.生徒:中國(guó)古代特有名詞,英語(yǔ)中沒(méi)有對(duì)應(yīng)的詞,故可用漢語(yǔ)拼音譯為shengtu。后面的“鄉(xiāng)貢”也同理,譯為xianggong。

　　5.縣試:即由縣里組織的考試,故可譯為examinations held by counties。

　　6.復(fù)試:可以用re-examine表達(dá)。

　　7.呆板的:可譯為rigid。

　　8.阻礙了中國(guó)考試制度的現(xiàn)代化和科學(xué)化發(fā)展:可理解為“阻礙了中國(guó)采用現(xiàn)代化和科學(xué)的方法”,故可譯為定語(yǔ)從句which stopped China from adopting modern and scientific methods。