1.由石頭刻成:可譯為is carved out of stone。注意這里介詞out of的使用。

　　2.常見的裝飾物:可譯為common ornament。

　　3.—對獅子:可譯為paired lions。還可以用a pair of lions表達。

　　4.不是我們所熟悉的獅子:“我們所熟悉的獅子”可用定語從句譯為the lions we are familiar with，be familiar with 意為“對...熟悉”。

　　5.引入:使用詞組be introduced into表達。

　　6.驅除邪靈:可譯為drive away the evil spirits。

　　長安，今稱西安，是唐朝的都城。唐朝時期的長安約比今天的西安大11倍，是具有國際聲譽的大都市(metropolis)。長安的街道和住宅設計得像一個棋盤，東西布局整潔、勻稱。長安城內，很多街道的寬度都超過了100米。長安也是當時中國的文化中心，有豐富多樣的娛樂活動，如音樂、舞蹈、斗雞(cock fighting)等。很多日本和朝鮮的學生紛紛來到長安學習，中亞的商人經絲綢之路(the Silk Road) 聚集在此。長安城約100萬人口之中，外國人就超過了1萬戶。

　　Chang'an，now called Xi'an，was the capital city ofthe Tang Dynasty. During the Tang Dynasty,Chang'an was nearly eleven times as large as today'sXi'an，and was a metropolis with an internationalreputation. The streets and residences of Chang'anwere designed like a chessboard, with neat and well-proportioned layout of the east and west.Lots of streets and avenues inside the city were over100 meters wide.Chang'an was also the cultural center of China at that time，with rich andcolorful entertainment activities such as music，dancing,cock fighting，etc.Many students fromJapan and Korea came to study in Chang'an，and merchants from Central Asia went along theSilk Road to gather there.Among the population of about one million in Chang'an，there weremore than 10,000 foreign households.

　　1.今稱西安:作為同位語，可譯為now called Xi'an，也可以說now known as Xi'an。

　　2.具有國際聲譽的大都市:可譯為a metropolis with aninternational reputation。

　　3.設計得像一個棋盤:可譯為be designed like achessboard。

　　4.布局:可譯為layout。“東西布局”即 layout of the eastand west。

　　5.勻稱:可譯為well-proportioned或well-balanced。

　　6.寬度都超過了100米:可譯為over 100 meters wide 或over 100 meters in width。

　　7.—萬戶:其中“戶”可譯為household，且用復數。

　　自隋朝起,封建政府開始從科舉考試(imperial examination)合格的應試者中選拔官員。參加科舉考試的人有兩種:一種由學館選送的學生構成,叫做生徒 (shengtu);另一種叫做鄉貢(xianggong),由縣試合格者構成。唐朝的科舉考試一般由禮部(Ministry of Rites)主持。考生考取后,再經吏部(Ministry of Personnel)復試,根據成績授予相應的官職。科舉制度一直被多朝沿用,直到中國最后一個封建王朝—清朝。然而,明清時期,科舉制度演變成嚴格、呆板的制度,阻礙了中國考試制度的現代化和科學化發展。

　　Since the Sui Dynasty,the feudal government startedto select officials from the qualified candidates inthe imperial examinations.There were two kinds ofpeople taking the imperial examination.One wascomprised of students chosen by academies, whowere called shengtu; the other kind,called xianggong, was made up of those who had passedthe examinations held by counties.The imperial examination in the Tang Dynasty was usuallyheld by the Ministry of Rites.Those who passed the examination would be re-examined by theMinistry of Personnel and be conferred with relevant official positions according to theirexamination results.The imperial examination system was used throughout many dynastiesuntil China's last imperial dynasty,the Qing Dynasty.However, during the Ming and QingDynasties,the imperial examination system became a strict and rigid institution whichstopped China from adopting modern and scientific methods.

　　1.選拔官員:可譯為select officials。

　　2.學館:即古代的學校,此處的“學校”可以推薦當官,可見譯為school不合適, 能夠推薦當官的應該是高等學府,故譯為academy。

　　3.由…構成:可用詞組be comprised of來表達,還可以用詞組consist of, be made up of。

　　4.生徒:中國古代特有名詞,英語中沒有對應的詞,故可用漢語拼音譯為shengtu。后面的“鄉貢”也同理,譯為xianggong。

　　5.縣試:即由縣里組織的考試,故可譯為examinations held by counties。

　　6.復試:可以用re-examine表達。

　　7.呆板的:可譯為rigid。

　　8.阻礙了中國考試制度的現代化和科學化發展:可理解為“阻礙了中國采用現代化和科學的方法”,故可譯為定語從句which stopped China from adopting modern and scientific methods。