大學四級翻譯題練習解答：度量衡

　　計量，古稱度量衡，是實現單位制統一，保證量值準確可靠的活動，是現代國家經濟、科技、社會發展的重要基礎。計量歷史悠久，關系國計民生。公元前221年秦朝建立，秦始皇統一度量衡，成為中國古代統一計量制度的里程碑。1875年5月20日《米制公約》的簽署，開辟了全球范圍內推行國際單位制的近代計量新紀元。以量子物理為基礎的現代計量科學技術的研究與應用，為人類文明發展提供了更加精準的現代計量技術保障。1999年第21屆國際計量大會決定：自2000年起，每年5月20日為“世界計量日”。2015年世界計量日的中國宣傳主題與國際主題一致，為“計量與光”。

　　參考譯文：

　　Measurement, which is called metrology in ancient times, is the important foundation of social development of the modern countries’ economy, science and technology. It has a long history and plays an important role in national welfare and the people's livelihood. Established in 221 BC, in the Qin dynasty, Qinshihuang unified weights and measures, and became a unified system for the measurement of milestone in ancient China. On May 20th, 1875, the signing of the convention on metric, opened up a worldwide to implement new era of modern international system of units of measurement. Based on quantum physics, research and application of modern measurement science and technology, provides more accurate modern metrology technical support for the development of human civilization. In 1999, the 21st international conference on measurement made a decision that since 2000, May 20 is for "World Metrology Day". China's propaganda theme of 2015 is in line with international theme for "measurement and light".

　　大學四級翻譯題練習解答：神話

　　請將下面這段話翻譯成英文：

　　盡管中國古代神話(mythology)沒有十分完整的情節，神話人物也沒有系統的家譜(genealogy)，但它們卻有著鮮明的東方文化特色，其中尤為顯著的是它的尚德精神(the spirit of esteeming virtue)。這種尚德精神在與西方神話特別是希臘神話比較時，顯得更加突出。在西方神話尤其是希臘神話中，對神的褒貶標準多以智慧、力量為準則，而中國古代神話對神的褒貶則多以道德為準繩。這種思維方式深植于中國的文化之中。幾千年來，這種尚德精神影響著人們對歷史人物的品評與現實人物的期望。

　　參考譯文：

　　Although ancient Chinese mythology does not have relatively complete plot and mythological figures don't have systematic genealogy, they have distinct features of oriental culture, among which the spirit of esteeming virtue is particularly significant.When compared with Western mythology, especially Greek mythology, this spirit of esteeming virtue is even more prominent.In Western mythology, especially Greek mythology,the criteria for judging whether a god is good or not are mostly the god's wisdom and strength,while in ancient Chinese mythology, the criterion lies in morality. This way of thinking is deeply rooted in Chinese culture.For thousands of years, this spirit of esteeming virtue has affected people's comments on historical figures and expectations of real people.

　　詞句點撥

　　1.神話人物:可譯為mythological figures。

　　2.系統的家譜:可譯為systematic genealogy。其中systematic意為系統的，是system的形容詞形式。

　　3.其中尤為顯著的是它的尚德精神:將此句譯為定語從句among which the spirit of esteeming virtue is particularly significant,承接前一句，可以使譯文結構更加緊湊，邏輯更加清晰。

　　大學四級翻譯題練習解答：舞獅

　　話題原文：

　　舞獅(lion dance)是一種由一人或兩人身披獅型服裝(lioncostume)進行表演的民間表演藝術。據記載，舞獅有兩千多年的悠久歷史，在唐朝時被引入皇室，成為皇室的娛樂項目。舞獅最注重的是技巧，舞獅者要以夸張的方式模仿獅子的各種表情和動作。經過幾千年的發展，舞獅已經在各地形成了不同的表演特色。在中國的傳統風俗中，獅子是一種可以去除災難、帶來幸運的吉祥物(mascot)。因此，每逢節日或隆重的慶典，人們都以舞獅來營造歡樂和熱鬧的氣氛。

　　參考譯文:

　　Lion dance is a folk performing art performed by oneor two persons in lion costumes. According torecords, the dance, with a long history of more than2,000 years, was introduced to the royal family as aform of entertainment during Tang Dynasty. Skill isgiven top priority in performing the lion dance and performers are required to imitate variousexpressions and movements of lions in an exaggerated way. After thousands years ofdevelopment, diverse performing characteristics in different regions have been formed. In thetraditional Chinese custom the lion is regarded as a mascot that wards off misfortunes andbrings good luck. Therefore, during festivals and grand ceremonies, people would perform liondance to create a happy and exciting atmosphere.

　　1.第一句較長，可先提煉其“舞獅是一種民間表演藝術”，譯為Lion dance is a folk performing art;“由一人或兩人身披獅型服裝進行表演的”可譯為過去分詞短語作定語。

　　2.第二句可將“舞獅在唐朝時被引入皇室，成為皇室的娛樂項目”處理為主句。“有兩千多年的悠久歷史”可譯為with a longhistory of...，作為插入語，放在主語之后。

　　3.第三句“舞獅最注重的是…”包含兩短句，使用and連接的并列結構;翻譯時可采用被動語態，即skill is giventop priority in...and performers are required to...。

　　4.倒數第二句中“獅子是一種…”，隱含獅子在人們心中的形象，譯為is regarded as...比譯成is，表達更加地道。