英語四級翻譯練習題(一)：滿月

　　參考譯文：

　　In China, the One-Month-Old Feast of a baby is thefirst significant ceremony in his life. On the daywhen a baby is one month old, the families of thebaby invite their relatives and friends to celebratethe occasion together. Usually, the baby wears a doghat and tiger shoes, which indicates that the babywill be lucky for the whole life. The ceremony of One-Year-Old Catch on the first of the baby isalso of great characteristics. The families of the baby will lay out many things such as books,pens, ink, paper, money, foods, and toys for the baby to choose at will. According to thearticles the baby picks up, the families will make some predictions about his potential interestsand future career.

　　1.在第2句中，狀語“孩子滿月那天”中的“孩子滿月”可處理為定語從句，整個狀語表達為On the day when a baby isone month old;主語“家人”指的是“孩子的家人”，故應采取增譯法，將其譯為過 the baby;“—起慶祝”的后面省略了“(孩子)滿月”，故翻譯時也要增譯，但這里不必拖沓啰嗦地譯成to celebrate that the baby is one month old，直接表達為 celebrate the occasion 更簡潔明了。

　　2.第3句中的“象征著孩子能幸運一生”可處理成非限制性定語從句which symbolizes/indicates that thebaby will be lucky for the whole life，或處理成分詞短語symbolizing/indicating the baby's beinglucky for the whole life，作句中的伴隨狀語。

　　3.第4句中的定語“孩子周歲那天的”可處理為后置的介詞短語on the first birthday of the baby，修飾中心詞“抓周儀式”。

　　4.倒數第2句中的“擺上書、筆、墨、紙、錢幣、食物、玩具等物品”，如果直譯為lay out books...，toysand other things會使譯文顯得冗長，宜用中心詞“物品”作賓語，具體物品名稱則作補充說明，譯為lay outmany things such as books, ...，and toys，使表達更為清晰順暢。

　　5.最后一句“根據……預測……”是一個無主語句，但根據上下文可知，此處“預測”的施動者是孩子的家人，故翻譯時應增譯主語the families。“根據......東西”可套用短語According to...來表達;其中“東西”的定語“孩子抓的”可后置，用定語從句picks up來表達。“興趣愛好”的定語“孩子可能存在的”可譯為 the baby'spotential，因前半句已有baby—詞，為避免重復，the baby's可用物主代詞his來代替。

　　英語四級翻譯練習題(二)：穆桂英

　　穆桂英是戲劇和小說《楊家將》(Generals of the YangFamily)中的一個人物， 它講述的是北宋時期楊家四代人保衛國家的故事。穆桂英是受人尊敬的官員楊宗保的妻子，楊宗保是第三代守衛邊疆的楊家人。穆桂英武藝非凡。她的丈夫在一 場戰爭中戰死后，穆桂英抑制住悲傷，帶領所有的楊家寡婦向西夏王國(the Western Xia Kingdom)開戰。《穆桂英掛帥》(Mu Guiying Takes Command)起初是豫劇(Yu Opera)，1959年梅蘭芳將其改編為京劇。

　　四級翻譯參考譯文：

　　Mu Guiying is a character in the opera and novelGenerals of the Yang Family which tells of the Yangfamily that safeguarded the country for fourgenerations during the Northern Song Dynasty. MuGuiying was the wife of the respected official YangZongbao who was of the third generation that guarded the border in Yang family. She hadextraordinary martial arts skills. After her husband died in a war, Mu Guiying suppressed hersorrow and led all the widows in Yang family to make the war against the Western Xia Kingdom.Mu Guiying Takes Command was originally a Yu Opera which Mei Lanfang adapted into a PekingOpera in 1959.

　　1.保衛國家:可翻譯為safeguard the country。

　　2.守衛邊疆:可譯為guard the border,其中guard意為“守衛，保衛”。

　　3.武藝非凡:可用 extraordinary martial arts skills表達。

　　4.抑制住悲傷，帶領所有楊家寡婦向西夏王國開戰 :“抑制住悲傷”可譯為suppress her sorrow; “楊家寡婦”可譯為widows in Yang femily; “向...開戰”可翻譯為 make the war against...。

　　5.豫劇:可用Yu Opera表達。

　　6.改編為:可翻譯為adapt into。

　　英語四級翻譯練習題(三)：慈禧

　　與后宮(the imperial harem)其他許多女人不同，慈禧(Empress Dowager Cixi) 因讀寫漢字的能力而受重視。這給她提供了充足的機會來協助生病的皇帝處理國家日常事務。咸豐帝(Xianfeng Emperor)曾多次讓慈禧讀奏折(palace memorials) 給他聽，并讓她按照他的意愿在奏折上寫批復。因此，慈禧對國家大事十分熟悉，并且從生病的皇帝那兒學會了管理國家的藝術。國內外的歷史學家普遍都把她描述成王朝沒落的罪人(sinner)。

　　參考譯文：

　　Unlike many other women in the imperial harem, Empress Dowager Cixi was known for her ability to read and write. This provided her ample opportunities to help the ailing emperor in daily state governing. On various occasions, the Xianfeng Emperor had Cixi read palace memorials for him, and leave comments on the memorials according to his will. As a result, Cixi became well-infonned about state af&irs, and learned the techniques of state governing from the ailing emperor. Historians both home and abroad have generally portrayed her as a sinner responsible for the fall of the Dynasty.

　　1.與后宮其他許多女人不同，慈禧因讀寫漢字的能力而受重視 :“與……不同”可譯為different from或unlike; “因......受重視”可譯為be valued for。

　　2.處理國家曰常事務 :可翻譯為daily state governing。

　　3.咸豐帝曾多次讓慈禧讀奏折給他聽，并讓她按他的意愿在奏折上寫批復多次 可用on various occasions表達;“讓某人做……”可譯為have sb. do sth.; “按 照”可譯為according to。

　　4.罪人:可翻譯為sinner。

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