英語四級翻譯技巧
(1)從主語變換處斷句
[例1]與會者對這個問題的觀點差別太大,以致發生了爭吵,一時會場的氣氛緊張起來。
The opinions of the attendants about this issue were far from unanimous so that some of them began to quarrel with each other.The atmosphere at the meeting became tense at the moment.
(2)從關聯詞(如轉折處)斷句
[例2]昨天出了好幾起交通事故,或許是因為有大霧的緣故吧!
There were several traffic accidents yesterday.Maybe because of the heavy fog.
(3)從意義完整、獨立處斷句
[例3]一轉眼,20年就這樣過去了,回首往事,是幸福,還是惆悵,恐怕連自己也難以搞清。
Twenty years has elapsed in the twinkling of an eye.When looking back, I'm afraid that we won’t know what we can find in the past, happiness or sadness
(4)原文出現總說或分述時要斷句
[例4]我們恢復和采取這些貿易方式的原因很簡單:因為我們出口商品就是為了我們國外客戶的需要。
The reason why we have restored and adopted these trade practices is very simple.
Our export commodities are for the use and consumption of our foreign customers.
(5)為了強調語氣而采用斷句
【例5】我們主張對我國神圣領土臺灣實行和平統一,有關的政策,也是眾所周知和不會改變的,并且正在深入全中華民族的心坎。
We want peaceful reunification with Taiwan which is part of our sacred territory.Our policy in this regard is also known to all and will not change.The desire for peaceful reunification of the motherland is taking hold in the hearts of the entire Chinese nation.
英語四級翻譯技巧二:合句法
把漢語內容關系密切的兩個句子甚至更多句子合譯為英語的一句就是合句譯法。翻譯時,既可以合譯為一個主從句,也可合譯為成分較為復雜(如包含非謂語動詞等)的簡單句。其優點在于不僅用詞不多,而且句子顯得流暢。合句譯法的方法主要有:
(1)在關聯詞處合譯
[例6]每去一次,我的藥量就減少一些,最后醫生告訴我說,不必再服藥了。
With each visit, the dose of medicine prescribed to me would be progressively reduced until the time came when the doctor said that 1 would no longer need them.
這句話的后半部分表示的是結果,在翻譯時用一個定語從句the time came when the doctor said thatIwould no longer need them將其連接起來。
(2)按內容連貫合譯
[例7]老年人有長處,但也有很大的弱點,老年人容易固執,因此老年人也要有點自覺性。
Old people have strengths but also great weaknesses——they tend to be stubborn, for example——and they should be aware of that.
原文的幾個短旬可被分為兩個部分,后面一部分補充說明前面一部分的“弱點”。使用破折號可以簡單明了地表達出補充說明的關系。
(3)從主語變換處合譯
[例8]不注意眼睛的休息,長時間近距離用眼或長期的不正確姿勢,會使人眼處于視疲勞狀態,進而形成近視眼。
If they are used for a long time without rest, or kept close to the object or with your body in an improper posture, your eyes will be in a state of visual fatigue, which will gradually lead to nearsightedness.
英語四級翻譯技巧三:增詞法
在翻譯段落時,為了能充分的表達原文含義,以求達意,翻譯時有必要增加詞語來使英文的表達更加順暢。
栗子:虛心使人進步,驕傲使人落后。
譯文:Modesty helps one to go forward, whereas conceit makes one lag behind.
批注:中間加上了增連詞whereas,以使英語的句子表達更加有邏輯性。
英語四級翻譯技巧四:減詞法
英語的表達傾向簡潔,漢語比較喜歡重復。重復,作為一種漢語修辭方法,在某種場合下,重復的表達一個意思,是為了強調,加強語氣。
為了有更強的節奏感和押韻,漢語中也經常會出現排比句。考生在翻譯這些句子時,為了符合英文表達的邏輯,就要有所刪減或省略。
栗子:這是革命的春天,這是人民的春天,這是科學的春天!讓我們張開雙臂,熱烈擁抱這個春天吧!
譯文:Let us stretch out our arms to embrace the spring, which is one of the revolution, of the people, and of science.