3.第4句中的時間狀語“用卡付賬時”譯為when paying the bills with credit cards;“還會經常得到一些額外獎勵”可譯為 often get some extra rewards，也可譯為被動語態 are frequently offered some extrarewards。

　　4.最后一句中的“信用卡也常常使持卡人過度消費”可簡單譯為credit cards often tempt their holders intooverspending;也可用card holders作主語，使上下文的敘述角度(持卡人)保持一致，用be encouraged來表達“被誘惑”之義。句末的“購買一些……商品”可處理成與“過度消費”并列的結構，其中的定語“他們并不真正需要的”較長，可將其處理成定語從句，置于修飾詞goods之后。

　　參考譯文：

　　The credit card was introduced into China in 1985.Since then, credit cards were issued at anastonishing rate, reaching 285 million by 2011.Credit cards bring consumers a variety of benefit.When paying the bills with credit cards, card holdersdon't need to carry large amounts of cash and theyare frequently offered some extra rewards. Inaddition, card holders can get a certain of loans from the card issuing institutions. However,card holders are often encouraged to overspend and purchase the goods they don't reallyneed.

　　家庭是社會的基本單位，其結構隨著社會的發展而變化。在中國幾千年的封建社會(feudal society)里，絕大部分家庭是幾世同堂，家里的大事由男人做主。近百年來，中國的家庭觀念發生了很大的變化，中國家庭的結構也隨之改變了許多。人口眾多的大家庭開始分成較小的家庭和主干家庭(stem family)，也出現了眾多的由一對夫婦和未婚子女組成的核心家庭(nuclear family)。

　　1.第1句由兩個分句組成，前—個分句的主語是“家庭”(family)，后一個分句的主語是“結構”(structure)如果把原句直譯成并列的結構，其譯文會顯得松散，將其“分譯”成兩個句子效果會更好。

　　2.在第2句中，“幾千年的”可譯為一個定語從句，增澤一個動詞last(持續)可使句子意思更為明確、生動。“家里的大事由男人做主”可處理成狀語，用獨立主格結構with the male members making all the important decisions來表達。翻譯“幾世同堂”、“由男人做主”時，不要受原文形式的束縛，關鍵是將其意思譯出來。“幾世同堂”的意思是“包含有幾代人”，“包含”可譯為consist of或be made up of;“大事由男人做主” 主要表示“做所有重大的決定”,可譯為making all the important decisions。

　　3.在第3句中，“中國的家庭觀念發生了很大的變化”可套用句型greatchanges have happened/taken placein...。“……也隨之改變”可用accordingly來表達。

　　4.最后一句中的后一分句為無主語句，宜把非主語成分“眾多的……核心家庭”轉換為主語，套用句型thereappear...。定語“由一對夫婦和未婚子女組成的”較長，可將其處理成后置定語，用分詞短語composed of acouple...來表達。

　　參考譯文：

　　Family is the basic unit of the society. Its structure changes along with the development of the society. In China's feudal society which lasted several thousand years, most families consisted of several generations, with the male members making all the important decisions. During the last hundred years, great changes have taken place in Chinese family concept, and accordingly in the Chinese family structure. Large families began to divide into smaller families and stem families. There also appear many nuclear families composed of a couple and their unmarried children.