參考翻譯

　　From the Qin Dynasty to the late Qing Dynasty,the Chinese government divided Chinese people intofour classes:landlord, peasant, craftsman and merchant.Landlords and peasants constituted thetwo major classes, while merchants and craftsmen were collected into the two minorones.Theoretically,except for the position of the Emperor, nothing was hereditary.There was apartial restoration of feudalism when eminent families with large amounts of land and hugenumber of semi-serfs emerged.These families dominated important civilian and military positionsof the government,making the positions available to members of their own families and clans.Sincethe Tang dynasty,the government reformed the imperial examination system as an attempt toroot out this phenomenon.

　　1.從理論上講，除了帝位，其他身份都不能世襲:“從理論上講”可翻譯為theoretically;“帝位”可翻譯為theposition of the Emperor;“世襲”可用 hereditary 表達。

　　2.顯赫家族:可翻譯為eminent family。

　　3.封建主義局部復辟:可用partial restoration of feudalism表達;其中“局部的”可翻譯為partial。

　　全國大學人學考試(the National College Entrance Examination)，俗稱高考，是每年夏天都會舉行的一種學術考試，有數百萬的考生參加,其中大多數都是高中學生。高考對于那些完成高中教育，想進入大學、學院和其他高等教育機構進行深造的學生來說是一個重要的考試。當學生們的總成績超過他們所申請的學校的分數線(admission scores line)時，他們就被允許進入自己選擇的大學。如果不能取得所需的最低分數，他們可能就無法進人自己選擇的大學，甚至失去上大學的機會。

　　參考翻譯

　　The National College Entrance Examination, commonly known as Gaokao, is an academic testingevent held every summer and joined by millions of participants, a majority of whom are high-school students.It is an important exam for those who have accomplished high-school educationand want to go to universities,colleges and other higher educational institutions.Students are allowedto enter the college(s) of their choice when their overall scores pass the admission scores line forschools they apply for.If they fail to obtain the minimum admission scores line,they might not beable to enter the college(s) of their choice or even lose the chance to attend university.

　　1.考生:可譯為participants。

　　2.當學生們的總成績超過他們所申請的學校的分數線時，他們就被允許進入自己選擇的大學:“總成績”可譯為overall scores;“申請”可譯為apply for;“分數線”可譯為admission scores line。

　　3.如果不能取得所需的最低分數，他們可能就無法進入自己選擇的大學，甚至失去上大學的機會:“不能”可用fail to do來表達;“取得”可譯為obtain;“上大學”可譯為 attend university。