人們說，真正的北京文化是胡同(Hutong)和四合院(courtyard)文化。他們比高樓大廈吸引更多海內外游客。“胡同”這個名字源于元朝時對小巷(lane)或小街道的叫法。現在它們已經成為北京文化的代表。據說，截至1949年，胡同的數量曾多達3250個。但隨著時間的流逝，以及城市建設的需要，胡同的數量已經急劇下降。現在的胡同僅剩不到1000條。因此，保護胡同對現代人來說是迫切的問題。

　　參考翻譯:

　　People say that the real culture of Beijing is the culture of Hutong and courtyard.They attract moretourists from home and abroad than the high-rise : buildings and large mansions.Hutong is the namegiven to a lane or small street that originated during the Yuan Dynasty.Now they have becomerepresentatives of Beijing’s culture.It is said that by 1949 there were as many as 3,250 Hutongs.Butwith the passage of time,and the requirement for city construction,the number of Hutongs hasfallen dramatically.Now only no more than 1,000 remain.Thus,protecting Hutongs is an urgentproblem for modem people.

　　1.他們比高樓大廈吸引更多海內外游客:“海內外”可用home and abroad表示，home表示“國內”，abroad表示“國外”，均為副詞。“高樓大廈”可譯為high-rise buildings and large mansions。

　　2.“胡同”這個名字源于元朝時對小巷(lane)或小街道的叫法：“源于”可用originate表示，常用于詞組originate from/in，意為“起源于”，其形容詞為original。

　　3.但隨著時間的流逝，以及城市建設的需要，胡同的數量已經急劇下降:“時間的流逝”可譯為the passage oftime,passage還可以表示“(一段)文章;走廊。”

　　請將下面這段話翻譯成英文：

　　孔廟(Temple of Confucius)坐落于山東省曲阜市南門內，是紀念我國偉大思想家、教育家孔子的祠廟建筑(temple building)，也是一組具有東方風格的大型建筑群。由于孔子創立的儒家思想(Confucianism)對于維護社會統治安定所起到的重要作用，孔廟便被古代帝王所器重。在古代經常舉辦祭孔典禮，或者是由皇帝自己，或者是由皇帝委任的髙級官員。祭孔的規模和祭天一樣宏大。由此，孔子在歷史上的重要地位便可見一斑。

　　參考翻譯:

　　Located inside the south gate of Qufu, Shandong, the Temple of Confucius is a large complex oftemple buildings in oriental style in memory of Confucius, China's great thinker and educator. Theimportance of Confucianism created by Confucius in maintaining the social ruling stability madeancient emperors put a high value on the Temple of Confucius. In ancient times sacrifices were oftenoffered to Confucius, either by Emperors themselves, or by emperor-appointed high officials. Thescale of offering sacrifices to Confucius was as grand as that given to the Heaven. This gives us anidea of the importance of Confucius in history.

　　1.孔廟坐落于山東省曲阜市南門內，是紀念我國偉大思想家、教育家孔子的祠廟建筑，也是一組具有東方風格的大型建筑群:該句由三個小分句組成。第一個分句可譯為located引導的地點狀語從句，其中“坐落”可譯為located,表示“處于，位于”。

　　2.由于孔子創立的儒家思想對于維護社會統治安定所起到的重要作用，孔廟便被古代帝王所器重:該句可以用the importance of...作主語。其中“維護社會統治安定”可譯為maintain social ruling stability，“器重”可譯為put a high value on。同義詞組還有attach great importance to。