2.翻譯第3句中的“后來經過不斷改進”時，宜加上主語“指南針”，而由于前一句的靠后部分已出現過compass，故這里可用it來作主語。“到宋朝人們制造出鐵針指南針并應用于航海”可用并列結構為 peopleproduced... and applied it in...。“鐵針指南針”可表達為 compass with iron needles。

　　3.第4句中的“在海船上使用指南針的”較長，宜將其處理成后置定語，用現在分詞短語using the compass來表達，其中“在海船上”為狀語，譯作on sea-going ships，按照英語表達習慣，置于句末。

　　4.最后一句中有3個動作，“指南針傳人……，推動了……，……提供了……”，仔細分析可發現，“推動了”和 “提供了”是結果，故將“指南針傳人……”作句子主干，“推動了……，提供了……”用現在分詞短語來表達， 作結果狀語，譯作 the compass spread into Eurpe, promoting... and guaranteeing...。

　　China is universally recognized as the country having invented the compass. As early as 2,400years ago, Chinese people created the earliest compass in the world. Later it was furtherimproved continuously. During the Song Dynasty, people produced the compass with ironneedles and applied it in navigation. China is the first country using the compass on seagoingships. The compass provided aid for Zheng He's voyages to the Western Ocean in the MingDynasty. Later the compass spread into Europe, promoting the development of the Europeanmarine industey and guaranteeing technical support for Columbus' navigation.

　　大學英語四級翻譯訓練題2：

　　國畫是中國文化遺產的重要組成部分。不同于西方畫，它是用毛筆(Chinese brush)和墨汁在宣紙(xuanpaper)上作畫的。精通這門藝術需要不斷重復的練習， 需要控制好毛筆，需要對宣紙和墨汁有一定的認識。繪畫前，畫家必須在腦海里有一個草圖并根據他的想象力和經驗進行繪畫。許多中國畫家既是詩人，又是書法家。他們經常會在自己的畫上親手添加詩作。

　　參考翻譯:

　　Chinese painting is an important part of the country's cultural heritage. It distinguishes itselffrom Western painting in that it is drawn on xuan paper with the Chinese brush and Chineseink. To attain proficiency in this art, it is necessary to have a good control of the brush, andcertain knowledge of xuan paper and Chinese ink besides repeated exercises.Before painting,the painter must have a draft in his mind and draw according to his imagination andexperience.Many a Chinese painter is at the same time a poet and calligrapher who often adds apoem with his own hand on the painting.

　　1.不同于西方畫，它是用毛筆和墨汁在宣紙上作畫的:“不同于”可譯為distinguish oneself from sth.,也可用be different from 表示。“毛筆和墨汁”可譯為the Chinese brush and Chinese ink,此處可同用一個冠詞表示整體;“用”可用介詞with，表示方式。

　　2.精通這門藝術需要不斷重復的練習，需要控制好毛筆，需要對宣紙和墨汁有一定的認識:“精通這門藝術”可譯為to attain proficiency in this art，attain意為“獲得、獲取”，proficiency意為“精通、熟練”。“需要控制好毛筆，需要對宣紙和墨汁有一定的認識”，該句可理解為“控制好毛筆和認識宣紙、墨汁也是必要的”。

　　大學英語四級翻譯訓練題3：

　　昆曲(Kunqu Opera)源于江蘇昆山地區，至今已有600多年的歷史，它是中國戲曲最古老的存在形式之一。昆曲有一個完整的表演體系并且有自己獨特的腔調。昆曲在明朝初期得到發展。從16到18世紀，它一直主宰著中國戲曲。此外，昆曲還影響了許多其他的中國戲曲形式。今天，昆曲依然在中國的一些大城市被進行表演，受到了許多人的喜愛。

　　參考翻譯:

　　Kunqu Opera originated in the Kunshan region of Jiangsu. It is one of the oldest existing formsof Chinese operas with a history of more than 600 years. Kunqu Opera has a complete systemof acting characterized by its own distinctive tunes. During the early Ming Dynasty, KunquOpera got developed and it dominated Chinese theatre from the 16th to the 18th century. Inaddition, Kunqu Opera has influenced many other Chinese theatre forms. Today, Kunqu Operais still played in some major cities of China and enjoys a popularity among many people.

　　1.至今已有600多年的歷史:“已有600多年的歷史”可譯為with a history of more than 600 years,其中with a history of意表示“有...的歷史”，more than表示“多于，超過”。

　　2.昆曲在明朝初期得到發展:“發展”可譯為develop,常用的短語有develop into, 意為“發展成為”。“明朝初期”可譯為the early Ming Dynasty,而“明朝末期”可譯為the late Ming Dynasty。

　　3.此外，昆曲還影響了許多其他的中國戲曲形式:“此外”可譯為in addition。“影響”可譯為influence，也可譯為have the influence of。