英語(yǔ)四六級(jí)翻譯技巧
• 合并法是把若干個(gè)短句合并成一個(gè)長(zhǎng)句,一般用于漢譯英。
• 漢語(yǔ)強(qiáng)調(diào)意合,結(jié)構(gòu)較松散,因此簡(jiǎn)單句較多;英語(yǔ)強(qiáng)調(diào)形合,結(jié)構(gòu)較嚴(yán)密,因此長(zhǎng)句較多。
• 所以漢譯英時(shí)要根據(jù)需要注意利用連詞、分詞、介詞、不定式、定語(yǔ)從句、獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)等把漢語(yǔ)短句連成長(zhǎng)句;
• 而英譯漢時(shí)又常常要在原句的關(guān)系代詞、關(guān)系副詞、主謂連接處、并列或轉(zhuǎn)折連接處、后續(xù)成分與主體的連接處,以及意群結(jié)束處將長(zhǎng)句切斷,譯成漢語(yǔ)分句。這樣就可以基本保留英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)序,順譯全句,順應(yīng)現(xiàn)代漢語(yǔ)長(zhǎng)短句相替、單復(fù)句相間的句法修辭原則。
• Increased cooperation with China is in the interests of the United States.
同中國(guó)加強(qiáng)合作,符合美國(guó)的利益。 (在主謂連接處拆譯)
• I wish to thank you for the incomparable hospitality for which the Chinese people arejustly famous throughout the world.
我要感謝你們無(wú)與倫比的盛情款待。中國(guó)人民正是以這種熱情好客而聞明世界的。 (在定語(yǔ)從句前拆譯)
• This is particularly true of the countries of the commonwealth, who see Britain’smembership of the Community a guarantee that the policies of the community will take theirinterests into account.
英聯(lián)邦各國(guó)尤其如此,它們認(rèn)為英國(guó)加入歐共體,將能保證歐共體的政策照顧到它們的利益。(在定語(yǔ)從句前拆譯)
• 中國(guó)是個(gè)大國(guó),百分之八十的人口從事農(nóng)業(yè),但耕地只占土地面積的十分之一,其余為山脈、森林、城鎮(zhèn)和其他用地。 China is a large country with four-fifths of the population engaged inagriculture, but only one tenth of the land is farmland, the rest being mountains, forests andplaces for urban and other uses.(合譯)
增譯法
• 根據(jù)英漢兩種語(yǔ)言不同的思維方式、語(yǔ)言習(xí)慣和表達(dá)方式,在翻譯時(shí)增添一些詞、短句或句子,以便更準(zhǔn)確地表達(dá)出原文所包含的意義。這種方式多半用在漢譯英里。
• 漢語(yǔ)無(wú)主句較多,而英語(yǔ)句子一般都要有主語(yǔ),所以在翻譯漢語(yǔ)無(wú)主句的時(shí)候,除了少數(shù)可用英語(yǔ)無(wú)主句、被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)或“There be…”結(jié)構(gòu)來(lái)翻譯以外,一般都要根據(jù)語(yǔ)境補(bǔ)出主語(yǔ),使句子完整。
• Indeed, the reverse is true. 實(shí)際情況恰好相反。 (增譯名詞)
• 就是法西斯國(guó)家本國(guó)的人民也被剝奪了人權(quán)
Even the people in the fascist countries were stripped of their human rights.(增譯物主代詞)
• 只許州官放火,不許百姓點(diǎn)燈。
While the magistrates were free to burn down house, the common people were forbiddento light lamps. (增譯連詞)
• 這是我們兩國(guó)人民的又一個(gè)共同點(diǎn)。 This is yet another common point between the people ofour two countries.(增譯介詞)
• 在人權(quán)領(lǐng)域,中國(guó)反對(duì)以大欺小、以強(qiáng)凌弱。In the field of human rights, China
opposes the practice of the big oppressingthe small and the strong bullying the weak.(增譯暗含詞語(yǔ))
• 三個(gè)臭皮匠,合成一個(gè)諸葛亮。
Three cobblers with their wits combined equal Zhuge Liang the mastermind. (增譯注釋性詞語(yǔ))
省譯法
• 與增譯法相對(duì)應(yīng)的一種翻譯方法,即刪去不符合目標(biāo)語(yǔ)思維習(xí)慣、語(yǔ)言習(xí)慣和表達(dá)方式的詞,以避免譯文累贅。增譯法的例句反之即可。
• You will be staying in this hotel during your visit in Beijing.
你在北京訪問(wèn)期間就住在這家飯店。 (省譯物主代詞)
• I hope you will enjoy your stay here. 希望您在這兒過(guò)得愉快。 (省譯物主代詞)
• 中國(guó)政府歷來(lái)重視環(huán)境保護(hù)工作。 The Chinese government has always
attached great importance to environmental protection. (省譯名詞)
All the students should develop morally, intellectually and physically. (名詞轉(zhuǎn)副詞)