The same held true for anxious baboons compared with calm ones.The anxious individuals learnt the task by observing others while those who were relaxed did not，even though they spent more time watching.

　　This mismatch between collecting social information and using it shows that personality plays a key role in social learning in animals，something that has previously been ignored in studies on how animals learn to do things.The findings are significant because they suggest that animals may perform poorly in cognitive (認(rèn)知的) tasks not because they aren't clever enough to solve them，but because they are too shy or nervous to use the social information.

　　The findings may impact how we understand the formation of culture in societies through social learning.If some individuals are unable to get information from others because they don't associate with the knowledgeable individuals，or they are too shy to use the information once they have it，information may not travel between all group members，preventing the formation of a culture based on social learning.

　　1.What is the first paragraph mainly about?

　　A.The design of Dr.Carter's research.

　　B.The results of Dr.Carter's research.

　　C.The purpose of Dr.Carter's research.

　　D.The significance of Dr.Carter's research.

　　2.According to the research，which baboons are more likely to complete a new learning task?

　　A.Those that have more experience.

　　B.Those that can avoid potential risks.

　　C.Those that like to work independently.

　　D.Those that feel anxious about learning.

　　3.Which best illustrates the “mismatch” mentioned in Paragraph 4?

　　A.Some baboons are intelligent but slow in learning.

　　B.Some baboons are shy but active in social activities.

　　C.Some baboons observe others but don't follow them.

　　D.Some baboons perform new tasks but don't concentrate.

　　4.Dr.Carter's findings indicate that our culture might be formed through ________.

　　A.storing information

　　B.learning from each other

　　C.understanding different people

　　D.travelling between social groups

　　閱讀專項(xiàng)練習(xí)答案解析：

　　本文是一篇科普說明文。劍橋大學(xué)的一些研究人員通過對狒狒的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，影響狒狒學(xué)習(xí)成效的因素不是它們的智力，而是其性格以及對學(xué)習(xí)的渴望程度。這一研究結(jié)果也適用于人類社會：如果我們不善于與他人溝通或太膽怯而不能利用所得到的信息，那么會阻礙以社會學(xué)習(xí)為基礎(chǔ)的文化的形成。

　　1.A　解析：推理判斷題。第一段描述了研究人員如何開展這一研究的具體細(xì)節(jié)：把新奇的食物和熟悉的食物藏在一個(gè)盒子里，有些狒狒有機(jī)會觀看另外一只狒狒是如何完成任務(wù)的，而另外一些狒狒則不得不自學(xué)完成任務(wù)，因此選A項(xiàng)“卡特博士研究的設(shè)計(jì)”，而非研究的“結(jié)果”“目的”或“重要性”。

　　2.D　解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由文章第二段中The braver baboons learnt，but the shy ones did not learn...及第三段中The anxious individuals learnt...while those who were relaxed did not...這些對實(shí)驗(yàn)的描述可知D項(xiàng)“那些渴望學(xué)習(xí)的狒狒”符合題意。

　　3.C　解析：推理判斷題。該詞所在上文，即第二、三段提到在觀察了別的狒狒之后，勇敢的、渴望學(xué)習(xí)的狒狒學(xué)到本領(lǐng)，而害羞的狒狒學(xué)了卻不像別的狒狒那樣去做;再根據(jù)between collecting social information and using it可知與“收集”和“使用”對應(yīng)的是“觀察別人但不跟著做”，即C項(xiàng)。

　　4.B　解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。最后一段首句The findings may impact how we understand the formation of culture in societies through social learning.意為“研究結(jié)果可能會影響我們?nèi)绾卫斫馍鐣幕男纬桑撐幕男纬墒峭ㄟ^社會學(xué)習(xí)獲得的”。換言之，作者認(rèn)為我們的文化是通過social learning而形成的，與B項(xiàng)“互相學(xué)習(xí)”相呼應(yīng)，而非“儲存信息”“理解不同的人”或“在社會群體間傳播”。

　　高考英語閱讀專項(xiàng)練習(xí)2：

　　Close your eyes for a minute and imagine what life would be like if you had a hundred dollars less.Also imagine what it would be like spending the rest of your life with your eyes closed.Imagine having to read this page，not with your eyes but with your finger­tips.

　　With existing medical knowledge and skills，two­thirds of the world's 42 million blind should not have to suffer.Unfortunately，rich countries possess most of this knowledge，while developing countries do not.

　　ORBIS is an international non­profit organization which operates the world's only flying teaching eye hospital.ORBIS intends to help fight blindness worldwide.Inside a DC­8 aircraft，there is a fully­equipped teaching hospital with television studio and classroom.Doctors are taught the latest techniques of bringing sight back to people here.Project ORBIS also aims at promoting peaceful cooperation(合作) among countries.

　　ORBIS tries to help developing countries by providing training during three­week medical programs.ORBIS has taught sight­saving techniques to over 35,000 doctors and nurses，who continue to cure tens of thousands of blind people every year.ORBIS has conducted 17 plane programs in China so far.For the seven to ten million blind in China，ORBIS is planning to do more for them.At the moment an ORBIS team is working on a long­term plan to develop a training center and to provide eye care services to Shanxi Province.ORBIS needs your help to continue their work and free people from blindness.

　　For just US $38，you can help one person see;for $380 you can bring sight to 10 people;$1,300 helps teach a doctor new skills;and for $13,000 you can provide a training program for a group of doctors who can make thousands of blind people see again.Your money can open their eyes to the world.Please help ORBIS improve the quality of life for so many people less fortunate than ourselves.

　　1.The first paragraph is intended to ________.

　　A.introduce a new way of reading

　　B.advise the public to lead a simple life

　　C.direct the public's attention to the blind

　　D.encourage the public to use imagination

　　2.What do we learn about existing medical knowledge and skills in the world?

　　A.They are adequate.

　　B.They have not been updated.

　　C.They are not equally distributed.

　　D.They have benefited most of the blind.

　　3.ORBIS aims to help the blind by ________.

　　A.teaching medical students

　　B.training doctors and nurses

　　C.running flying hospitals globally

　　D.setting up non­profit organizations

　　4.What does the author try to do in the last paragraph?

　　A.Appeal for donations.

　　B.Make an advertisement.

　　C.Promote training programs.

　　D.Show sympathy for the blind.

　　5.What can be the best title for the passage?

　　A.ORBIS in China

　　B.Fighting Blindness

　　C.ORBIS Flying Hospital

　　D.Sight­saving Techniques

　　閱讀專項(xiàng)練習(xí)答案解析：

　　本文是一篇說明文。主要介紹一個(gè)旨在幫助失明人士的組織——ORBIS。大家行動起來和ORBIS一起，來幫助那些失明的朋友們。小小的捐助，就可以使他們和我們一樣去感受這個(gè)世界的美好。

　　1.C　解析：考查寫作意圖。綜觀全文，作者希望大眾通過想象失明人士的生活，以此引起人們對失明人士的關(guān)注，故選C。

　　2.C　解析：考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第二段最后一句話可知目前的醫(yī)療知識和技術(shù)分配不均衡。

　　3.B　解析：考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)文章第三段和第四段首句可知ORBIS通過培訓(xùn)醫(yī)務(wù)人員來幫助失明人士。

　　4.A　解析：考查段落大意。由文章最后一段中不同金額的捐款所能產(chǎn)生的積極效果可知，最后作者是號召大眾捐款幫助提高失明人士的生活質(zhì)量。

　　5.C　解析：考查標(biāo)題判斷。本文關(guān)鍵詞為ORBIS，文章通篇都在介紹ORBIS通過他們的flying hospital幫助失明人士。