[1]. Recently the rise in problem of/(phenomenon of) ... has cause/arousedpublic/popular/wide/ worldwide concern.

　　[2]. Recently the issue of the problem of/the phenomenon of ...has been brought intofocus. ( has been brouth to public attention)

　　[3].Inflation/Corruption/Social inequality ... is yet another of the new and bitter truth wehave to learn to face now/constantly.

　　1-2 對立法 : 先引出其他人的不同看法,然后提出自己的看法或者偏向于某一看法, 適用于有爭議性的主題.

　　例如(e.g)

　　[1]. When asked about....., thevast/overwhelming majority of people say that....... But I think/view a bit differently.

　　[2]. When it comes to .... , some people bielivethat ....... Others argue/claim that theopposite/reverse is true . There is probably sometruth in both arguements/statements , but (I tendto the profer/latter ...)

　　[3]. Now, it is commonly/generally/widely believed/held/acknowledged that .... They claim/believe/argue that ... But I wonder/doubt whether.....

　　1-3 觀點法：開門見山,直接了當地提出自己對要討論的問題的看法.

　　e.g:

　　[1]. Never history has the change of .. been as evident as ... Nowhere in the world/Chinahas the issue/idea of .. benn more visible/popular than...

　　[2]. Now people in growing/significant numbers are beginnig/coming to realize/accept/(beaware) that...

　　[3]. Now there is a growing awareness/recognation ot the necessity to......Now peoplebecome increasingly aware/conscious of the importance of ......

　　[4]. Perhaps it is time to have a fresh look at the attitude/idea that.......

　　1-4 引用法：先引出名人名言或者有代表性的看法, 來引出文章要展開論述的觀點!。

　　e.g:

　　[1]. "Knowledge is power." such is the remark made by Bacon.This remark has been sharedby more and more people .

　　"Education is not complete with gradulation." Such is the opnion of a great Americanphilosopher. Now more and more people share his opnion.

　　[2]."........." How often we hear such statements/words like thoses /this .

　　In our own days we are used to hearing such traditional complains as this "......".

　　1-5 比較法：通過對過去,現在 兩種不同的傾向,觀點的比較 , 引出文章要討論的觀點.。

　　e.g:

　　[1]. For years, ...had been viewed as ... But people are taking a fresh look now. With thegrowing ... , people ....... .

　　[2]. People used to think that ... (In the past, ....) But people now share this new.

　　1-6 故事法：先講一個較短的故事來引發讀者的興趣, 引出文章的主題.

　　e.g:

　　[1]. Once in (a newspaper) , I read of/learnt .... The phenemenon of ... has aroused publicconcern.

　　[2]. I have a friend who ... Should he .... ? Such a dilemma we are often confront with inour daily life.

　　[3]. Once upon a time , there lived a man who ... This story may be (unbelievable) , but itstill has a realistic significance now.

　　1-7 問題法：先用討論或解答的設問, 引出自己觀點, 適用于有爭議性的話題.

　　e.g:

　　Should/What ...... ? Options of ... vary greatly , some ..., others ...

　　But in my opinion , ...... .

　　Chapter 2 文章中間主體內容句型

　　原因結果分析

　　2-1-1. 基本原因： 分析某事物時, 用此句型說明其基本的或者多方面的原因.

　　e.g:

　　[1]. Why ... ? For one thing.. For another ...

　　[2]. The answer to this problem invovles many factors. For one thing... For another...... Stillanother ...

　　[3]. A number of factors , both physical and psychological affect .... /both individual andsocial contribute to ....

　　2-1-2 另一原因： 在分析了基本原因之后, 再補充一個次要的或者更重要時用!

　　e.g:

　　[1]. Another important factor is ....

　　[2]. ... is also responsible for the change/problem.

　　[3]. Certainly , the ... is not the sole reason for .....

　　2-1-3 后果影響： 分析某事物可能造成的后果或者帶來的影響 .

　　e.g:

　　[1]. It will produce a profound/far-reaching effect/impact on....

　　[2]. In involves some serious consequence for ........

　　比較對照句型

　　2-2-1. 兩者比較 ：比較兩事物, 要說出其一超過另一個, 或肯定一事物的優點, 也肯定其缺點的時候用 。

　　e.g:

　　[1]. The advantages gained from A are much greater than the advantages we gain from B.

　　[2]. Indeed, A carries much weight when compared with B.

　　[3]. There is no doubt that it has its negative effects as well as positive effects.

　　2-2-2 . 兩者相同/相似： 比較兩事物共同都有或者共同都沒有的特點時用。

　　e.g:

　　[1]. A and B have several thing in common. They are similar in that.....

　　[2]. A bears some sriking resemblance(s) to B.

　　Chapter Three 文章結尾形式

　　3-1 結論性：通過對文章前面的討論 ,引出或重申文章的中心思想及觀點 .

　　e.g:

　　[1]. From what has been discussed above, we may safely draw the conclusion that .....

　　[2]. In summary/In a word , it is more valuable .......

　　3-2 后果性：揭示所討論的問題若不解決, 將產生的嚴重后果.

　　e.g:

　　[1]. We must call for an immediate method , because the current phenomenon of ... , ifallowed to proceed, will surely lead to the heavy cost of .......

　　[2]. Obviously , if we ignore/are blind to the problem , there is every chance that .. will beput in danger.

　　3-3 號召性： 呼吁讀者行動起來, 采取行動或提請注意.

　　e.g:

　　[1]. It is time that we urged an immediate end to the undesirable tendcy of ......

　　[2]. It is essential thar effective measures should be taken to correct the tendency.

　　3-4 建議性：對所討論的問題提出建議性的意見, 包括建議和具體的解決問題的方法.

　　e.g:

　　[1]. While it cannot be solved immediately, still there are ways. The most popular is ....Another method is ... Still another one is .....

　　[2]. Awareness/Recognition of the problem is the first step toward the situation.

　　3-5 方向性的結尾方式： 其與建議性的唯一差別就是對問題解決提出總的, 大體的方向或者指明前景.

　　e.g:

　　[1]. Many solutions are being offered here , all of them make some sense, but none isadequate enough. The problem should be recognized in a wide way .

　　[2]. There is no quick method to the issue of .., but .. might be helpful/benefical.

　　[3]. The great challenge today is ...... There is much difficulty , but ........

　　3--6 意義性的結尾方式 ：文章結尾的時候,從更高的更新的角度指出所討論的問題的重要性以及其深遠的意義。

　　e.g:

　　[1]. Following these suggestions may not guarantee the success, but the pay off might beworth the effort . It will not only benefit but also benefit .....

　　[2]. In any case, whether it is posotive or negative, one thing is certain that it willundoubtedly ..