英語四級長篇閱讀訓練題(一)

　　B. But does it make sense to talk of addiction to online activity? Mental-health specialists say three online behaviors can become problematic for many people: video games, pornography ( 色情作品 ) and messaging via e-mail and social networks. But there is far less agreement about whether any of this should be called "Internet addiction"--or how to treat it.

　　C. Some mental-health specialists wanted "Internet addiction" to be included in the fifth version of psychiatry's bible, the"Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders", known as DSM-V, which is currently being overhauled (全面修訂). The American Medical Association endorsed (贊成) the idea in 2007, only to backtrack( 放棄) days later. The American Journal of Psychiatry called Internet addiction a "common disorder" and supported its recognition. Last year the DSM-V drafting group made its decision: lnteruet addiction would not be included as a "behavioral addiction"--only gambling made the cut--but it said further study was necessary.

　　D. Skeptics say there is nothing uniquely addictive about the Internet. Back in 2000, Joseph Walther, a communications professor at Michigan State University, co-wrote an article in which he suggested, tongue in cheek, that the criteria used to call someone an Internet addict might also show that most professors were "addicted" to academia (學術活動). He argued that other factors, such as depression, are the real problem.

　　He stands by that view today. "No scientific evidence has emerged to suggest that lnternet use is a cause rather than a consequence of some other sort of issue," he says. "Focusing on and treating people for Internet addiction, rather than looking for underlying clinical issues, is definitely unwise."

　　E. Others disagree. "That would be wrong," says Kimberly Young, a researcher and therapist who has worked on Interact addiction since 1994. She insists that the Internet, with its powerfully immersive environments, creates new problems that people must learn to navigate(應對). Otherwise, the changing lifestyle will affect the development of the society.

　　F.No one disputes that online habits can turn toxic. Take South Korea, where widespread broadband means that the average high-school student plays video games for 23 hours each week. In 2007 the government estimated that around 210,000 children needed treatment for Internet addiction. In 2010 newspapers around the globe carried the story of a South Korean couple who fed their infant daughter so little that she starved to death. Instead of caring for the child, the couple spent most nights at an Internet cafe, sinking hours into a role- playing game in which they raised, fed and cared for a virtual daughter. And several South Korean men have died from exhaustion after marathon, multi-day gaming sessions.

　　G. The South Korean government has since asked game developers to adopt a gaming curfew (宵禁) for children, to prevent them playing between midnight and 8 a.m. At the same time, it has also opened more than 100 clinics for Internet addiction and sponsored an "Internet rescue camp" for serious cases.

　　H. But compulsive behaviour is not limited to garners. E-mail or web-use behaviours can also show signs of addiction. Getting through a business lunch in which no one pulls out a phone to check their messages now counts as a minor miracle in many quarters. A deluge (泛濫) of self-help books, most recently "Alone Together" by Sherry Turlde, a social scientist at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, offer advice on how to unplug (去除障礙).

　　I.Pornography is hardly new, either, but the Internet makes accessing it much easier than ever before. When something can be summoned in an instant via broadband, whether it is a game world, an e-mail inbox or pornographic material, it is harder to resist. New services lead to new complaints. When online auction sites first became popular, talk of "eBay addiction" soon followed. Dr. Young says women complain to her now about addiction to Facebook--or even to "FarmVille", a game playable only within Facebook.

　　J.Treatment centres have popped up around the world with the popularity of online games. In 2006 Amsterdam's Smith & Jones facility billed itself as "the first and, currently, the only residential video-game treatment program in the world". In America the reSTART Internet Addiction Recovery Program claims to treat Internet addiction, gaming addiction, and even "texting addiction". In China, meanwhile, military-style "boot camps" are the preferred way to treat Internet problems.

　　K. Yet many people like feeling permanently connected. As Arikia Millikan, an American blogger, once put it, "If I could be jacked in at every waking hour of the day, I would, and I think a lot of my peers would do the, same." Bob LaRose, an Internet specialist at Michigan State University, doesn't believe her. In his research on college students, he found that most sense when they are "going overboard and restore self-control". Less than1% have a pathological(病態的) problem, he adds. For most people, Internet use "is just a habit--and one that brings us pleasure."

　　46. According to Joseph Walther, it is unwise to emphasize the treatment of Internet addiction instead of seeking for potential clinical issues.

　　47. As online games become popular, treatment centres have sprung up all over the world.

　　48. After playing online games continuously for days, several South Korean men were exhausted to death.

　　49. Smallwood sued NCsoft and claimed a huge compensation for fraud and its negligence of warning him of the danger of game addiction.

　　50. In South Korea, a gaming curfew for children was adopted to prevent children playing after midnight.

　　5l. Internet addiction still needs to be further studied though the DSM-V did not categorize it as a "behavioral addiction".

　　52. An lnternet specialist found that most college students could realize when they are going too far and restore self-control.

　　53. According to mental-health specialists, for many people, video games, pornography and messaging via e-mail and social networks can become problematic online behaviors.

　　54. People regard it as a small miracle if nobody takes out a phone to read the messages at a business lunch.

　　55. Kimberly Young insists that people must learn to deal with new problems brought about by the Interact.

　　英語四級長篇閱讀訓練題答案

　　46.D

　　解析：題干意為，根據JosephWalther所說，只關注對上網成癮的治療，而不尋找其潛在的臨床問題，這是不明智的。注意抓住題干中的關鍵信息Joseph Walther、unwise、instead of和potential clinicalissues，文中論及JosephWalther教授觀點的內容出現在D段，該段倒數第二句提到，Walther教授認為尚無科學依據證實網癮是由于使用互聯網，而不是由其他因素造成的。該段最后一句則提到，Walther教授認為，如果只是關注和治療上網成癮，而不去尋找潛藏的臨床問題，這絕對是不明智的。由此可知，題干是對原文的同義轉述，故答案為D。

　　47.J

　　解析：題干意為，隨著網絡游戲變得流行，治療中心在全球各地不斷涌現。注意抓住題干中的關鍵信息online games、popular和treatment centres。文中論及全球涌現治療中心的內容出現在J段，該段首句提到，隨著網絡游戲的流行，治療中心在全球如雨后春筍般出現。其中，題干中的spring up對應原文中的popup，由此可知，題干是對原文的同義轉述，故答案為J。

　　48.F

　　解析：題干意為，在數日不間斷地玩網絡游戲之后，幾名韓國男性因精疲力竭而死。注意抓住題干中的關鍵信息several South Korean men和exhausted。文中論及韓國人受到網癮危害的內容出現在F段，該段第一句提到人們一致認為上網成癮對人有害。該段最后一句則提到了幾名韓國男性多日持續沉浸于網絡游戲，因疲勞過度而死亡的例子。由此可知，題于是對原文的同義轉述，故答案為F。

　　49.A

　　解析：題干意為，Smallwood以欺詐和疏于告知其可能游戲成癮的罪名控告NCsoft公司，并索取巨額的賠償。注意抓住題干中的關鍵信息Smallwood、NCsoft和fraudanditsnegligence。文中論及Smallwood的內容出現在A段，該段提到，Craig SmMlwood因違反游戲規則，被游戲開發商韓國NCsoft公司封停了游戲賬號，為此他極度抑郁，并陷入嚴重的偏執和幻想中。該段最后一句提到，Smallwoo以欺詐和過失為由控告NCsoft公司，聲稱該公司沒有告誡他該游戲的“網癮”危害，要求獲得900多萬美元的賠償金。由此可知，題干是對原文的同義轉述，故答案為A。

　　50.G

　　解析：題干意為，在韓國實行了網游宵禁，以阻止兒童在午夜之后繼續玩網絡游戲。注意抓住題干中的關鍵信息SouthKorea和gaming curfew。文中論及韓國實行網游宵禁的內容出現在G段，該段第一句提到，韓國政府要求游戲開發商對兒童采取網游宵禁，禁止他們在午夜到早晨8點之間玩游戲。由此可知，題干是對原文的同義轉述，故答案為G。

　　51.C

　　解析：題干意為，盡管第五版的《精神疾病診斷與統計手冊》沒有將網癮歸為“行為成癮”，但是這種現象仍然需要進一步研究。注意抓住題干中的關鍵信息lntemet addiction、further studied和behavioraladdiction。文中論及第五版的《精神疾病診斷與統計手冊》如何界定網癮的內容出現在c段。該段最后一句提到，去年，第五版《精神疾病診斷與統計手冊》編撰小組決定，網癮將不會被劃入“行為成癮”范疇——只有賭博行為被劃入此列——但是有必要對網癮進一步展開研究。由此可知，題干是對原文的同義轉述，故答案為C。

　　52.K

　　解析：題干意為，一位互聯網專家發現大多數學生在意識到自己玩得太過火后，就會恢復自控。注意抓住題干中的關鍵信息college students和restore self-control。文中論及大學生可以自控上網行為的內容出現在K段，該段第四句提到，在對大學生展開的一項研究中，BobLaRose發現他們中的大多數人一旦感覺自己玩得太過火，就會恢復自控。由此可知，題干是對原文的同義轉述，故答案為K。

　　53.B

　　解析：題干意為，根據心理健康專家所說，對于很多人來說，玩電子游戲、瀏覽色情作品以及通過電子郵件和社會網絡收發信息這三種網絡行為可能會成為問題。注意抓住題干中的關鍵信息mental-healthspecialists、video games、pornography and messagin9和problematic。文中論及這一事實的內容出現在B段，該段第二句提到，心理健康專家認為有三種網絡行為對很多人來說可能是問題性的(即容易停不下來)：玩電子游戲、瀏覽色情作品以及通過電子郵件和社交網絡收發信息。由此可知，題干是對原文的同義轉述，故答案為B。

　　54.H

　　解析：題干意為，在許多人看來，如果在一次商業午餐中，沒有人拿出手機查看信息，那這簡直是一個小的奇跡。注意抓住題干中的關鍵信息miracle、a phone和a business lunch。文中論及商業午餐的內容出現在H段。該段第三句提到，如果在一次商業午餐中，沒有人拿出手機查看信息，那么在許多人看來這都算是個小小的奇跡。由此可知，題干是對原文的同義轉述，故答案為H。

　　55.E

　　解析：題干意為，KimbedyYoung強調人們必須學會應對互聯網引發的新問題。注意抓住題干中的關鍵信息Kimberly Young insists、new problems和the Intemet。文中論及Kimberly Young相關觀點的內容出現在E段，該段第三句提到，Youn9強調，互聯網環境具有強大的吸引力，人們必須學會應對由其引發的新問題。由此可知，題干是對原文的同義轉述，故答案為E。

　　英語四級長篇閱讀訓練題(二)

　　Green Growth

　　A. The enrichment of previously poor countries is the most inspiring development of our time. It is also worrying. The environment is already under strain. What willhappen when the global population rises from 7 billion today to 9.3 billion in 2050, as demographers(人口統計學家) expect, and a growing proportion of these people can'afford goods that were once reserved for the elite? Can the planet support so much economic activity?

　　B .Many policymakers adopt a top-down and Western-centfic approach to such planetary problems. They discuss ambitious regulations in global forums, or look to giant multinationals and well-heeled (富有的) NGOs to set an example. But since most people live in the emerging world, it makes sense to look at what successful companies there are doing to make growth more sustainable.

　　C. A new study by the World Economic Forum (WEF) and the Boston Consulting Group (BCG) identifies 16 emerging-market firms that they say are turning eco-consciousness into a source of competitive advantage. These highly profitable companies (which the study calls "the new sustainability champions") are using greenery to reduce costs, motivate workers and forge relationships. Their home-grown ideas will probably be easier for their peers to copy than anything cooked up in the West.

　　D. The most outstanding quality of these companies is that they turn limitationsof resources, labor and infrastructure) into opportunities. Thus, India's Shree Cement, which has tong suffered from water shortages, developed the world's most water-efficient method for making cement, in part by using air-cooling rather than water-cooling. Manila Water, a utility in the Philippines, reduced the amount of water it was losing, through wastage and illegal tapping, from 63% in 1997 to 12% in 2010 by making water affordable for the poor.

　　Broad Group, a Chinese maker of air conditioners, taps the waste heat from buildings to power its machines. Zhangzidao Fishery Group, a Chinese aquaculture (水產養殖) company, recycles uneaten fish feed to fertilize crops.

　　E.Setting green goals is a common practice. Sekem, an Egyptian food producer, set itself the task of reclaiming ( 開墾) desert land through organic farming. Florida Ice & Farm, a Costa Rican food and drink company, has adopted strict standards for the amount of water it can consume in producing drinks.

　　F.These firms measure themselves by their greenery, too. Florida Ice & Farm, for example, links 60% of its boss's pay to the triple bottom line of "people, planet and profit". The sustainability champions also encourage their workers to come up with green ideas. Natura, a Brazilian cosmetics company, gives bonuses to staff who find ways to reduce the firm's impact on the environment. Masisa, a Chilean forestry company, invites employees to "imagine unimaginable businesses" aimed at poorer consumers. Woolworths, a South African retailer, claims that many of its best green ideas have come from staff, not bosses.

　　G.In emerging markets it is hard for companies to stick to one specialism, because they have to worry about so many wider problems, from humble infrastructure to unreliable supply chains. So the sustainability champions seek to shape the business environment in which they operate. They lobby (游說) regulators: Grupo Balbo, a Brazilian organic-sugar producer, is working with the Brazilian government to establish a certification system for organic products. They form partnerships with governments and NGOs. Kenya's Equity Bank has formed an alliance with groups such as The International Fund for Agricultural Development to reduce its risks when lending to smallholders. Natura has worked with its suppliers to produce sustainable packaging, including a new "green" plastic derived from sugar cane.

　　H. The firms also work hard to reach and educate poor consumers, often sacrificing short-term profits to create future markets. Masisa organizes local carpenters into networks and connects them to low-income furniture buyers. Broad Group has developed a miniature device for measuring air pollution that can fit into mobile phones. Jain Irrigation, an Indian maker of irrigation systems, uses dance and song to explain the benefits of drip irrigation to farmers who can't read. Suntech, a Chinese solar-power company, has established a low- carbon museum to celebrate ways of reducing carbon-dioxide emissions.

　　Rich became green, or green became rich?

　　I.One could quibble (爭辯)with BCG's analysis. Phil Rosenzweig of Switzerland's IMD business school has argued that management writers are prone to "the halo effect": they treat the temporary success of a company as proof that it has discovered some eternal principle of good management. The fact that some successful companies have embraced greenery does not prove that greenery makes a firm successful. Some firms, having prospered, find they can afford to splurge ( 揮霍) on greenery. Some successful firrns pursue greenery for public-relations purposes. And for every sustainable emerging champion, there are surely 100 firms that have prospered by belching ( 噴出 ) fumes into the air or pumping toxins into rivers.

　　J.Nonetheless, the central message of the WEF-BCG study--that some of the best emerging-world companies are combining profits with greenery--is thought-provoking. Many critics of environmentalism argue that it is a rich-world luxury: that the poor need adequate food before they need super-clean air. Some even see greenery as a rich-world conspiracy ( 陰謀): the West grew rich by industrializing (and polluting ), but now wants to stop the rest of the world from following suit. The WEF-BCG report demonstrates that such fears are overblown. Emerging-world companies can be just as green as their Western rivals. Many have found that, when natural resources are scarce and consumers are cash-strapped ( 資金短缺的 ), greenery can be a lucrative(利潤豐厚的) business strategy.

　　46. An air-conditioner manufacturer uses the waste heat from buildings to supply its machines with power.

　　47. Many critics of environmentalism hold the view that greenery is a rich-world luxury because that's not what the poor people badly want.

　　48. Workers of the sustainability champions are motivated to bring forward green ideas.

　　49. It is meaningful to study what successful companies in the emerging world are doing to achieve more sustainable growth, since most people live there.

　　50. It's difficult for companies in emerging markets to keep focusing on one specific problem because they have many wider problems to worry about.

　　51. Although some successful firms have embraced greenery, it doesn't mean that greenery will lead to the success of a firm.

　　52. It will probably be easier for companies to follow the home-grown ideas than those invented in the West.

　　53. It has been found that greenery can be profitable when natural resources are scarce and consumers are short of cash.

　　54. Sekem, which produces food in Egypt, set a goal to reclaim desert land through organic farming.

　　55. To create future markets, the firms also make effort to reach and educate poor consumers, often at the cost of short-term profits.

　　英語四級長篇閱讀訓練題答案

　　46.D

　　解析：題干意為，一家空調制造商利用建筑物中的廢熱來為機器提供動力。注意抓住題干中的關鍵信息air-conditionermanufacturer和wasteheatfrombuildings。文中D段倒數第二句提到，中國的空調制造商遠大集團利用建筑物中的廢熱來為機器提供動力。由此可知，題干是對原文的同義轉述，故答案為D。

　　47.J

　　解析：題干意為，批判環保主義的人認為，環保是發達國家才能有的奢侈品，因為那不是窮人最急需的。注意抓住題干中的關鍵信息critics of environmentalism和a rich.world luxury。文中J段第二句提到，許多批判環保主義的人認為，環保是發達國家才能有的奢侈品：窮人首先要解決溫飽問題，然后才能談及對超潔凈空氣的需求。由此可知，題干是對原文的同義轉述，故答案為J。

　　48.F

　　解析：題干意為，可持續發展先進企業的員工被鼓勵提出環保的想法。注意抓住題干中的關鍵信息workers和motivatedtobringforwardgreenideas。文中F段第三句提到，這些“可持續發展先進企業”還鼓勵員工提出環保創意。由此可知，題干是對原文的同義轉述，故答案為F。

　　49.B

　　解析：題干意為，研究新興世界的成功企業為促進可持續發展做了些什么是很有意義的，因為大多數人生活在那里。注意抓住題干中的關鍵信息successful companies in the emerging world和sustainablegrowth。文中B段末句提到，鑒于大多數人都生活在新興世界，因此研究一下這些國家的成功企業為促進可持續發展做了些什么是很有意義的。由此可知，題干是對原文的同義轉述，故答案為B。

　　S0.G

　　解析：題干意為，新興市場中的企業有許多更廣泛的問題需要考慮，所以它們很難持續專注于某一個特定的問題。注意抓住題干中的關鍵信息difficult、companiesin emergingmarkets和widerproblems。文中G段首句提到，在新興市場中，企業很難專注于某一特定領域，因為它們還得考慮從糟糕的基礎設施到不穩定的供應鏈等很多更廣泛的問題。由此可知，題干是對原文的同義轉述，故答案為G。

　　51.I

　　解析：題干意為，盡管一些成功的企業支持環保事業，但這并不意味著環保事業能夠引領企業取得成功。注意抓住題干中的關鍵信息embracedgreenery和the SUCCESS ofafirm。文中I段第三句提到，一些成功的企業支持環保事業的事實并不能證明是環保事業使這些企業取得成功。由此可知，題干是對原文的同義轉述。故答案為I。

　　52.C

　　解析：題干意為，本土思維可能比西方國家憑空想象的做法更容易被各企業所效仿。注意抓住題干中的關鍵信息beeasier、home—grownideas和West。文中C段末句提到，比起西方國家臆想出來的對策，起源于本土的理念可能更容易為其他企業所效仿。由此可知，題干是對原文的同義轉述，故答案為C。

　　53.J

　　解析：題干意為，有人發現，當自然資源匱乏而消費者又資金短缺時，環保事業將會十分有利可圖。注意抓住題干中的關鍵信息greenery、profitable和natural resources are scarce。文中J段末句提到，很多人發現，當自然資源匱乏而消費者又資金短缺時，環保事業不失為一項利潤豐厚的企業發展戰略。由此可知，題干是對原文的同義轉述，故答案為J。

　　54.E

　　解析：題干意為，埃及的一家食品生產商Sekem設定了通過有機.農業改造沙漠化土地的目標。注意抓住題干中的關鍵信息Sekem、reclaimdesertland和organicfarming。文中E段第二句提到，埃及的一家食品生產商Sekem以通過有機種植來改造沙漠化的土地為己任。由此可知，題干是對原文的同義轉述。故答案為E。

　　55.H

　　解析：題千意為，為了開拓未來市場，這些企業常常會努力接觸并培養低收入消費者，而這常常以犧牲一些短期利益為代價。注意抓住題千中的關鍵信息futuremarkets、educatepoor consumers和short-termprofits。文中H段第一句提到，這些企業還努力接觸、培養低收入消費者，時常為了開拓未來市場而犧牲短期利益。由此可知，題干是對原文的同義轉述，故答案為H。

英語四級長篇閱讀訓練題及答案相關