C. Resisting our impulses for immediate pleasure is often the only way to attain the outcomes that are important to us. We want to keep a slim figure but we also want that last slice of pizza. We want a comfortable retirement, but we also want to drive that dazzling car, go on that dream vacation, or get those gorgeous shoes.

　　Some people are better at delaying gratification ( 滿足 ) than others. Those people have a better chance of accumulating wealth and keeping a healthy life style. They are less likely to be impulse buyers or smokers, or to engage in unsafe sex.

　　D. Chen's recent findings suggest that an unlikely factor, language, strongly affects our future-oriented behavior. Some languages strongly distinguish the present and the future. Other languages only weakly distinguish the present and the future. Chen's recent research suggests that people who speak languages that weakly distinguish the present and the future are better prepared for the future. They accumulate more wealth and they are better able to maintain their health. The way these people conceptualize the future is similar to the way they conceptualize the present. As a result, the future does not feel very distant and it is easier for them to act in accordance with their future interestS.

　　E. Different languages have different ways of talking about the future. Some languages, such as English, Korean, and Russian, require their speakers to refer to the future explicitly ( 明確地). Every time English-speakers tall about the future, they have to use future markers such as "will" or "going to." In other languages, such as Mandarin, Japanese, and German, future markers are not obligatory (強制性的). The future is often talked about similar to the way present is talked about and the meaning is understood from the context. A Mandarin speaker who is going to go to a seminar might say "Wo qu ting jiangzuo," which translates to "I go listen seminar." Languages such as English constantly remind their speakers that future events are distant. For speakers of languages such as Mandarin future feels closer. As a consequence, resisting immediate impulses and investing for the future is easier for Mandarin speakers.

　　F.Chert analyzed individual-level data from 76 developed and developing countries. This data includes people's economic decisions, such as whether they saved any money last year, the languages they speak at home, demographics (人口統計資料 ), and cultural factors such as "saving is an important cultural value for me."

　　He also analyzed individual-level data on people's retirement assets, smoking and exercising habits, and general health in older age. Lastly, he analyzed national-level data that inchides national savings rates, country GDP and GDP growth rates, country demographics, and proportions of people speaking different languages.

　　G. People's savings rates are affected by various factors such as their income, education level, age, religious connection, their countries' legal systems, and their cultural values. After those factors were accounted for, the effect of language on people's savings rates turned out to be big. Speaking a language that has obligatory future markers, such as English, makes people 30 percent less likely to save money for the future. This effect is as large as the effect of unemployment. Being unemployed decreases the likelihood of saving by about 30 percent as well.

　　H. Similar analyses showed that speaking a language that does not have obligatory future markers, such as Mandarin, makes people accumulate more retirement assets, smoke less, exercise more, and generally be healthier in older age. Countries' national savings rates are also affected by language. Having a larger proportion of people speaking languages that does not have obligatory future markers makes national savings rates higher.

　　I.At a more practical level, researchers have been looking for ways to help people act in accordance with their long-term interests. Recent, findings suggest that making the future feel closer to the present might improve future-oriented behavior. For instance, researchers recently presented people with renderings of their future selves made using age-progression algorithms (算法) that forecast how physical appearances would change over time. One group of participants saw a digital representation of their current selves in a virtual mirror, and the other group saw an age-morphed version of their future selves. Those participants who saw the age- morphed version of their future selves allocated more money toward a hypothetical savings account. The intervention brought people's future to the present and as a result they saved more for the future.

　　J.Chen's research shows that language structures our future-related thoughts. Language has been used before to alter time perception with surprising effects. Ellen Langer and colleagues famously improved older people's physical health by simple interventions including asking them to talk about the events of twenty years ago as if it they were happening now. Talking about the past as if it were the present changed people's mindsets and their mindsets affected their physical states. Chen's research points at the possibility that the way we talk about the future can shape our mindsets. Language can move the future back and forth in our mental space and this might have dramatic influences on our judgments and decisions.

　　46. Usually, preventing ourselves from enjoying immediate pleasure impulsively is the only way to achieve the outcomes that are important to us.

　　47. The structure of languages influences us when we are making a judgment or decision about the future.

　　48. Speaking a language that has obligatory future markers and being unemployed nearly share the same percentage of decreasing the likelihood of saving.

　　49. According to the well-known marshmallow studies, people who can resist temptation tend to be successful in the future.

　　50. People who speak languages like English are more likely to feel that the future events are distant.

　　51. National savings rates of countries are influenced by language as well.

　　52. In Chen's recent research, people who speak languages in which the present and the future are weakly distinguished are more prepared for the future.

　　53. Recent findings show that it is possible to improve future-oriented behavior through making the future feel closer to the present.

　　54. Through simple interventions, Ellen Langer and colleagues made the physical health of the older people changed for the better.

　　55. Chen made an analysis of individual-level statistics from 76 developed and developing nations

　　【參考譯文】

　　語言如何影響你的財富與健康

　　A.我們所說的語言是否會決定我們未來的健康和財富?耶魯商學院Keith Chen所做的一項新研究表明事實正是如此。[47]語言結構會影響我們對未來的判斷和決定，而這可能會產生極其長遠的影響。

　　B)關于我們如何應對未來的研究有很多。[49]例如，由 Walter Mischel一和他的同事們一起進行的著名的“棉花糖實驗”表明：能夠抵御誘惑預示著未來的成功。實驗中，實驗員給一些4歲的孩子每人一塊棉花糖，并告訴他們，如果等到實驗員回來他們還沒有吃掉棉花糖的話，他們就能得到兩塊棉花糖而不是一塊。后續研究顯示，那些能夠為更大的遠期回報而等待的孩子在成年后更為成功。

　　C.[46]我們要想獲取一些對自己來說非常重要的成果，抵制住眼前的一時痛快往往是唯一的辦法。我們想要保持好身材，卻又想要最后那塊比薩。我們想要舒舒服服地退休，卻也想開豪車，完成夢寐以求的旅行或者買華麗的鞋子。一些人在推遲滿足感上比其他人做得好。他們更有可能積累財富并保持一種健康的生活方式。他們不大可能成為沖動購物者或吸煙者，也不大可能會發生危險的性行為。

　　D.Chen最近的研究結果表明，語言這一看似不太可能的因素，對我們未來的行為有著巨大的影響。在一些語言中很明顯地區分了現在和將來，而在其他語言中，這種差別非常模糊。[52]Chen最近的研究表明：使用不太區分現在和將來的語言的人對未來準備更充分。他們會積累更多的財富，也更能保持自身健康。這些人構想未來的方式和他們構思現在的方式類似。因此，他們覺得未來并不遙遠，而且對于他們來說，采取與其未來利益相符的行為方式也更為容易。

　　E.當談論將來時，不同的語言有不同的表達方式。一些像英語、韓語及俄語之類的語言要求他們的使用者清楚明確地指出將來。講英語的人每次談到將來時必須使用相應的標志性詞匯，例如“將”(will)或“打算”(goingto)。而其他的一些語言，像中國的普通話、日語和德語則不一定非要那樣。人們談論未來和談論現在的方式相似，要通過語境才能理解意思。一個說普通話的人如果打算去聽講座，可能會說“我去聽講座”，譯成英語就是“I go listen seminar”。[50]諸如英語這樣的語言會不斷提醒其使用者未來是很遙遠的。而對于說普通話之類語言的人來說，未來則顯得很近。因此，講中文的人更容易抵抗一時沖動，也更會為未拳投資。

　　F.[55]Chen分析了來自76個發達國家和發展中國家的個人層面的數據。這些數據包括人們的經濟決策(譬如去年有沒有存錢)、在家中所使用的語言、人口統計數據以及一些文化因素，如“儲蓄對于我來說是一種非常重要的文化價值觀”。他還分析了關于人們的退休資產、吸煙和運動習慣以及老年人的總體健康狀況等個人層面的數據。最后，他分析了國家層面的數據，包括國民儲蓄率、國內生產總值及其增長率、國家人口統計數據以及使用不同語言的人所占的比例。

　　G.諸如收入、教育水平、年齡、宗教信仰、所在國的法律體系及文化價值觀等各種因素都影響著人們的儲蓄率。排除了這些因素，語言對人們儲蓄率的巨大影響就突顯了出來。[48]使用像英語這種必須明確表明“未來”的語言使得人們為來儲蓄的可能性降低了三成。該影響和失業的影響差不多大。由于失業，儲蓄的可能性也降了大約三成。

　　H.類似的分析顯示，使用不一定必須標明“未來”的語言，比如中文，能夠讓人們積累更多的退休資產，少吸煙，多鍛煉，并且在老年時總體上更健康。[51]語言同樣也影響著一個國家的國民儲蓄率。如果一個國家的大部分人使用的語言不用必須表明“未來”，這個國家的國家儲蓄率往往會更高。

　　I.從更實際的角度來看，研究者們一直在尋找方法幫助人們采取與其長遠未來的利益相符的行為方式。[53]近期的研究表明，一讓未來顯得離現在更近也許可以改善人們針對未來的行為表現。例如，研究者最近就使用年齡預見算法預測出人們容顏的變化，然后將受訪者未來的樣子呈現給他們。一組參與者在虛擬鏡像里看見了當前自我的數字影像，另一組人看見了未來的自己容顏隨年齡變化的影像那些看到自己年老模樣的參與者將更多的錢撥到一個虛擬的儲蓄賬戶中。這種干預方法將人們的未來帶到了當下，于是他們會為未來存更多的錢。

　　J.Chen的研究表明，正是語言形成了我們關于未來的想法。之前語言曾被用來改變人們對時間的看法，并且效果驚人。[54]Enen Langer和她的同事們通過簡單的干預極大地改善了老年人的身體健康：這些干預手段包括讓他們談論20年前的事情，就像那些事情現在正在發生一樣。用現在時談論過去的事情改變了人的心態，而心態影響著人的身體狀況。Chen的研究指出了我們談論未來的方式可能會影響我們的心態的可能性。語言可以讓未來在我們的心理空間中來回穿梭，而這有可能對我們的判斷和決策產生極大的影響。

　　【答案解析】

　　46.C

　　解析：題干意為，讓自己不要沖動地貪圖一時之樂通常是獲得那些對我們來說非常重要的成果的唯一辦法。注意抓住題干中的關鍵信息enjoying immediate pleasure、the only way和outcomes that are important to us。文中論及克制沖動、推遲滿足感的內容出現在C段，該段首句提到，我們要想獲取一些 對自己來說非常重要的成果，抵制住眼前的一時痛快往往是唯一的辦法。由此可見，題干是對原文的同義轉述，故答案為C。

　　47.A

　　解析：題干意為，語言結構會在我們做出一個關乎未來的判斷或決定時對我們產生影響。注意抓住題干中的關鍵信息the structure of languages、judgement or decision和the furore。文中A段即提出本文論題：語言是否會決定我們未來的健康和財富?該段接下來的內容則對此論題給予了肯定陳述，該段末句提到，語言結構會影響我們對未來的判斷和決定，而這可能會產生極其長遠的影響。由此可見，題干是對原文的同義轉述，故答案為A。

　　48.G

　　解析：題干意為，使用必須明確表明未來的語言和失業在降低人們為將來儲蓄的可能性方面的作用近乎相同。注意抓住題干中的關鍵信息a language that has obligatory future markers、being unemployed和 decreasing the likelihood of saving。文中論述語言和失業與個人儲蓄率之間關系的內容出現在G段，該段第三句和第四句提到.使用像英語這種必須明確表明“未來”的語言使得人們為未來儲蓄的可能性降低了三成，這樣一種影響跟失業的影響差不多。由此可見，題干是對原文的同義轉述，故答案為G。

　　49.B

　　解析：題干意為，依據著名的棉花糖實驗，能夠抵御誘惑的人趨向于在未來取得成功。注意抓住題干中的關鍵信息marshmallow studies、resist temptation和to be successful in the future。文章的8段描述了著名的棉花糖實驗，該段第二句提到，由WalterMischel和他的同事們一起進行的著名的“棉花糖實驗”表明：能夠抵御誘惑預示著未來的成功。由此可見，題干是對原文的同義轉述，故答案為B。

　　50.E

　　解析：題干意為，使用英語之類的語言的人很容易認為未來的事情很遙遠。注意抓住題干中的關鍵信息languageslikeEnglish和thefuture events are distant。文中涉及英語等不同語種對人感知未來遠近產生影響的內容出現在E段，該段倒數第三句提到，諸如英語這樣的語言會不斷地提醒其使用者未來是很遙遠的。由此可見，題干是對原文的同義轉述，故答案為E。

　　51.H

　　解析：題干意為，各個國家的國民儲蓄率也受到語言的影響。注意抓住題干中的關鍵信息national savings ratesofcountries和influencedbylanguage。文中第H段論述了語言對國民儲蓄率的影響，該段第二句提到，語言同樣也影響著一個國家的國民儲蓄率。由此可見，題干是對原文的同義轉述，故答案為H。

　　52.D

　　解析：題干意為，在Chen最近的研究中，那些使用不明顯區分現在和未來的語言的人能夠更好地為將來做好準備。注意抓住題干中的關鍵信息Chen’s recent research、weakly distinguished和more prepared forthefuture。文章D段介紹了Chert的最新研究成果，該段第四句提到，使用不太區分現在和未來的語言的人對未來準備得更充分。由此可見，題干是對原文的同義轉述，故答案為D。

　　53.I

　　解析：題干意為，最近的研究發現，通過讓未來顯得離現在更近也許可以改善人們針對未來的表現。注意抓住題干中的關鍵信息recent findings、improve future—oriented behavior和feel closer。文章的l段論述了科學家們試圖尋找方法，使人們更多地考慮長遠利益。該段第二句提到，近期的研究發現，讓未來顯得離現在更近也許可以改善人們針對未來的行為表現。由此可見，題干是對原文的同義轉述，故答案為I。

　　54.J

　　解析：題干意為，通過簡單的干預，EllenLanger和同事們讓老年人的身體健康狀況得到改善。注意抓住題干中的關鍵信息simple interventions、Ellen Langer and colleagues和physical health。涉及通過簡單干預改善老人身體健康的內容出現在J段，該段第三句提到，EllenLanger和她的同事們通過簡單的干預極大地改善了老年人的身體健康。這些干預手段包括讓他們談論20年前的事情，就像那些事情現在正在發生一樣。由此可見，題干是對原文的同義轉述，故答案為J。

　　55.F

　　解析：題干意為，Chen對來自76個發達國家和發展中國家的個人層面的數據進行了分析。注意抓住題干中的關鍵信息analysis of individual—level statistics和76 developed and developing nations。文中涉及Chen所分析的數據的內容出現在F段，該段首句提到，Chen分析了來自76個發達國家和發展中國家的個人層面的數據。由此可見，題干是對原文的同義轉述，故答案為F。

　　Green Growth

　　A. The enrichment of previously poor countries is the most inspiring development of our time. It is also worrying. The environment is already under strain. What willhappen when the global population rises from 7 billion today to 9.3 billion in 2050, as demographers(人口統計學家) expect, and a growing proportion of these people can'afford goods that were once reserved for the elite? Can the planet support so much economic activity?

　　B .Many policymakers adopt a top-down and Western-centfic approach to such planetary problems. They discuss ambitious regulations in global forums, or look to giant multinationals and well-heeled (富有的) NGOs to set an example. But since most people live in the emerging world, it makes sense to look at what successful companies there are doing to make growth more sustainable.

　　C. A new study by the World Economic Forum (WEF) and the Boston Consulting Group (BCG) identifies 16 emerging-market firms that they say are turning eco-consciousness into a source of competitive advantage. These highly profitable companies (which the study calls "the new sustainability champions") are using greenery to reduce costs, motivate workers and forge relationships. Their home-grown ideas will probably be easier for their peers to copy than anything cooked up in the West.

　　D. The most outstanding quality of these companies is that they turn limitationsof resources, labor and infrastructure) into opportunities. Thus, India's Shree Cement, which has tong suffered from water shortages, developed the world's most water-efficient method for making cement, in part by using air-cooling rather than water-cooling. Manila Water, a utility in the Philippines, reduced the amount of water it was losing, through wastage and illegal tapping, from 63% in 1997 to 12% in 2010 by making water affordable for the poor.

　　Broad Group, a Chinese maker of air conditioners, taps the waste heat from buildings to power its machines. Zhangzidao Fishery Group, a Chinese aquaculture (水產養殖) company, recycles uneaten fish feed to fertilize crops.

　　E.Setting green goals is a common practice. Sekem, an Egyptian food producer, set itself the task of reclaiming ( 開墾) desert land through organic farming. Florida Ice & Farm, a Costa Rican food and drink company, has adopted strict standards for the amount of water it can consume in producing drinks.

　　F.These firms measure themselves by their greenery, too. Florida Ice & Farm, for example, links 60% of its boss's pay to the triple bottom line of "people, planet and profit". The sustainability champions also encourage their workers to come up with green ideas. Natura, a Brazilian cosmetics company, gives bonuses to staff who find ways to reduce the firm's impact on the environment. Masisa, a Chilean forestry company, invites employees to "imagine unimaginable businesses" aimed at poorer consumers. Woolworths, a South African retailer, claims that many of its best green ideas have come from staff, not bosses.

　　G.In emerging markets it is hard for companies to stick to one specialism, because they have to worry about so many wider problems, from humble infrastructure to unreliable supply chains. So the sustainability champions seek to shape the business environment in which they operate. They lobby (游說) regulators: Grupo Balbo, a Brazilian organic-sugar producer, is working with the Brazilian government to establish a certification system for organic products. They form partnerships with governments and NGOs. Kenya's Equity Bank has formed an alliance with groups such as The International Fund for Agricultural Development to reduce its risks when lending to smallholders. Natura has worked with its suppliers to produce sustainable packaging, including a new "green" plastic derived from sugar cane.

　　H. The firms also work hard to reach and educate poor consumers, often sacrificing short-term profits to create future markets. Masisa organizes local carpenters into networks and connects them to low-income furniture buyers. Broad Group has developed a miniature device for measuring air pollution that can fit into mobile phones. Jain Irrigation, an Indian maker of irrigation systems, uses dance and song to explain the benefits of drip irrigation to farmers who can't read. Suntech, a Chinese solar-power company, has established a low- carbon museum to celebrate ways of reducing carbon-dioxide emissions.

　　Rich became green, or green became rich?

　　I.One could quibble (爭辯)with BCG's analysis. Phil Rosenzweig of Switzerland's IMD business school has argued that management writers are prone to "the halo effect": they treat the temporary success of a company as proof that it has discovered some eternal principle of good management. The fact that some successful companies have embraced greenery does not prove that greenery makes a firm successful. Some firms, having prospered, find they can afford to splurge ( 揮霍) on greenery. Some successful firrns pursue greenery for public-relations purposes. And for every sustainable emerging champion, there are surely 100 firms that have prospered by belching ( 噴出 ) fumes into the air or pumping toxins into rivers.

　　J.Nonetheless, the central message of the WEF-BCG study--that some of the best emerging-world companies are combining profits with greenery--is thought-provoking. Many critics of environmentalism argue that it is a rich-world luxury: that the poor need adequate food before they need super-clean air. Some even see greenery as a rich-world conspiracy ( 陰謀): the West grew rich by industrializing (and polluting ), but now wants to stop the rest of the world from following suit. The WEF-BCG report demonstrates that such fears are overblown. Emerging-world companies can be just as green as their Western rivals. Many have found that, when natural resources are scarce and consumers are cash-strapped ( 資金短缺的 ), greenery can be a lucrative(利潤豐厚的) business strategy.

　　46. An air-conditioner manufacturer uses the waste heat from buildings to supply its machines with power.

　　47. Many critics of environmentalism hold the view that greenery is a rich-world luxury because that's not what the poor people badly want.

　　48. Workers of the sustainability champions are motivated to bring forward green ideas.

　　49. It is meaningful to study what successful companies in the emerging world are doing to achieve more sustainable growth, since most people live there.

　　50. It's difficult for companies in emerging markets to keep focusing on one specific problem because they have many wider problems to worry about.

　　51. Although some successful firms have embraced greenery, it doesn't mean that greenery will lead to the success of a firm.

　　52. It will probably be easier for companies to follow the home-grown ideas than those invented in the West.

　　53. It has been found that greenery can be profitable when natural resources are scarce and consumers are short of cash.

　　54. Sekem, which produces food in Egypt, set a goal to reclaim desert land through organic farming.

　　55. To create future markets, the firms also make effort to reach and educate poor consumers, often at the cost of short-term profits.

　　【參考譯文】

　　綠色增長

　　A.曾經的貧窮國家變得富足是我們這個時代最令人振奮的發展了。但同時這種發展也令人擔憂，因為這些國家的環境早已不堪重負。如果正如人口統計學家預估的那樣，全球總人口從今天的70億上升至2050年的93億，并且越來越多的人將能買得起曾經只有精英階層才能享用的商品，到那時，會出現什么樣的狀況呢?這個星球能夠承受那么多的經濟活動嗎?

　　B.許多決策者都采取一種自上而下的、以西方為中心的方法來解決這類全球性的問題。他們在全球論壇上雄心勃勃地探討監管制度，或指望大型跨國公司和富有的非政府組織來樹立典范。[49]但是，鑒于大多數人都生活在新興世界，因此研究一下這些國家的成功企業為促進可持續發展做了些什么是很有意義的。

　　C.世界經濟論壇和波士頓咨詢公司在近期的一項研究中遴選出16家來自新興市場的企業，他們認為這些企業正在將生態意識轉換為一種具有競爭優勢的資源。這些高盈利企業(在這項研究中被稱做“新型可持續發展先進企業”)正在利用環保因素來降低成本、激勵員工和打造關系網。[52]比起西方國家臆想出來的對策，起源于本土的理念可能更容易為其他企業所效仿。

　　D.這些企業最顯著的特點是它們將資源、勞動力和基礎設施上的不足化為機遇。正是遵循這一思路，長期受困于水資源匱乏的印度Shree水泥公司研發出了世界上最節水的水泥制造工藝，部分原因在于他們采用了風冷工藝而不是水冷S-藝。菲律賓的一家公用事業公司馬尼拉水廠將浪費和非法盜水這兩種渠道所導致的水資源流失量從l997年的63%降到了2010年的12%，這使得窮人也能買得起水。[46]中國的空調制造商遠大集團利用建筑物中的廢熱來為機器提供動力。中國的水產養殖企業獐子島漁業集團則回收吃剩的魚食來為莊稼提供肥料。

　　E.設定環保目標是一種常見的做法。[54]埃及的一家食品生產商sekem以通過有機種植來改造沙漠化的土地為己任。哥斯達黎加的一家食品飲料公司Florida Ice&Farm，對生產飲料過程中的耗水量設定了嚴格的標準。

　　F.這些企業還通過環保事業來衡量自身的價值。例如，FloridaIce&Farm公司將老板60%的薪水與“人、地球、利潤”這三重底線掛鉤。[48]這些“可持續發展先進企業”還鼓勵員工們提出環保創意。巴西的一家化妝品企業Natura向那些想出方法降低企業對環境造成的影響的員工發獎金。智利的一家林業企業Masisa動員員工以收入較低者為目標客戶，“想象難以想象的商機”。南非的一家零售商Woolworths稱，公司很多最佳環保點子來自員工而不是老板。

　　G.[50]在新興市場主，企業很難專注于某一特定領域，因為它們還得考慮從糟糕的基礎設施到不穩定的供應鏈等很多更廣泛的問題 。因此，可持續發展先進企業力求打造一個適合自身運營的商業環境。同時，他們還會游說監管機構，巴西的有機糖生產商Grupo Balbo正與巴西政府合作，以期建立有機產品的認證體系。它們還同各級政府和非政府組織建立合作關系?？夏醽喌腅quity銀行通過與國際農業發展基金會等組織聯合來降低向小農貸款的風險。Natura與其供應商合作，生產可持續的包裝材料，其中包括從甘蔗中提煉出來的新型“綠色”塑料。

　　H.[55]這些企業還努力接觸、培養低收入消費者，時常為了開拓未來市場而犧牲短期利益。Masisa將當地的木匠組織成關系網，使他們和低收入的家具買家建立聯系。遠大集團研發了一種可以嵌入手機、用來測量空氣污染的微型設備。印度的灌溉系統制造商JainIrrigation用舞蹈和音樂向那些不識字的農民解釋滴灌的好處。中國的太陽能企業尚德公司建立了一家低碳博物館以宣傳減少二氧化碳排放的多種途徑。

　　以環保謀發展。還是以發展促環保?

　　I.有人可能對波士頓咨詢公司的分析存有異議。瑞士洛桑國際管理發展學院商學院的Phil Rosenzweig認為，管理學作家傾向于“光環效應”：他們將企業暫時取得的成功作為其發現了優質管理的永恒法則的證據。[51]一些成功的企業支持環保事業的事實并不能證明是環堡事業使這些企業取得成功，一些已經發展壯大的企業發現它們有錢做環保。還有一些成功的企業是出于公關的目的而從事環保事業。在所有這些積極倡導可持續發展的新興企業中，肯定有100家企業是通過向大氣排放廢氣或向河流排放有毒污水而發展起來的。

　　J.不管怎樣，世界經濟論壇和波士頓咨詢公司的這份研究的核心信息——新興國家中的一些最為優秀的企業正在將環保與盈利相結合一是發人深省的。[47]許多批判環保主義的人認為，環保是發達國家才能有的奢侈品：窮人首先要解決溫飽問題，然后才能談及對超潔凈空氣的需求。有些人甚至將環保事業看作發達國家的陰謀：西方國家通過工業化(以及污染環境)致富了，現在卻想要阻止其他國家走同樣的道路。世界經濟論壇和波士頓咨詢公司的這份報名表明，這些擔憂被夸大了。新興國家的企業也可以和它們西方國家的競爭對手一樣追求環保。[53]很多人發現，當自然資源匱乏而消費者又資金短缺時，環保室業不失為一項利潤豐厚的企業發展戰略。

　　【答案解析】

　　46.D

　　解析：題干意為，一家空調制造商利用建筑物中的廢熱來為機器提供動力。注意抓住題干中的關鍵信息air-conditionermanufacturer和wasteheatfrombuildings。文中D段倒數第二句提到，中國的空調制造商遠大集團利用建筑物中的廢熱來為機器提供動力。由此可知，題干是對原文的同義轉述，故答案為D。

　　47.J

　　解析：題干意為，批判環保主義的人認為，環保是發達國家才能有的奢侈品，因為那不是窮人最急需的。注意抓住題干中的關鍵信息critics of environmentalism和a rich.world luxury。文中J段第二句提到，許多批判環保主義的人認為，環保是發達國家才能有的奢侈品：窮人首先要解決溫飽問題，然后才能談及對超潔凈空氣的需求。由此可知，題干是對原文的同義轉述，故答案為J。

　　48.F

　　解析：題干意為，可持續發展先進企業的員工被鼓勵提出環保的想法。注意抓住題干中的關鍵信息workers和motivatedtobringforwardgreenideas。文中F段第三句提到，這些“可持續發展先進企業”還鼓勵員工提出環保創意。由此可知，題干是對原文的同義轉述，故答案為F。

　　49.B

　　解析：題干意為，研究新興世界的成功企業為促進可持續發展做了些什么是很有意義的，因為大多數人生活在那里。注意抓住題干中的關鍵信息successful companies in the emerging world和sustainablegrowth。文中B段末句提到，鑒于大多數人都生活在新興世界，因此研究一下這些國家的成功企業為促進可持續發展做了些什么是很有意義的。由此可知，題干是對原文的同義轉述，故答案為B。

　　S0.G

　　解析：題干意為，新興市場中的企業有許多更廣泛的問題需要考慮，所以它們很難持續專注于某一個特定的問題。注意抓住題干中的關鍵信息difficult、companiesin emergingmarkets和widerproblems。文中G段首句提到，在新興市場中，企業很難專注于某一特定領域，因為它們還得考慮從糟糕的基礎設施到不穩定的供應鏈等很多更廣泛的問題。由此可知，題干是對原文的同義轉述，故答案為G。

　　51.I

　　解析：題干意為，盡管一些成功的企業支持環保事業，但這并不意味著環保事業能夠引領企業取得成功。注意抓住題干中的關鍵信息embracedgreenery和the SUCCESS ofafirm。文中I段第三句提到，一些成功的企業支持環保事業的事實并不能證明是環保事業使這些企業取得成功。由此可知，題干是對原文的同義轉述。故答案為I。

　　52.C

　　解析：題干意為，本土思維可能比西方國家憑空想象的做法更容易被各企業所效仿。注意抓住題干中的關鍵信息beeasier、home—grownideas和West。文中C段末句提到，比起西方國家臆想出來的對策，起源于本土的理念可能更容易為其他企業所效仿。由此可知，題干是對原文的同義轉述，故答案為C。

　　53.J

　　解析：題干意為，有人發現，當自然資源匱乏而消費者又資金短缺時，環保事業將會十分有利可圖。注意抓住題干中的關鍵信息greenery、profitable和natural resources are scarce。文中J段末句提到，很多人發現，當自然資源匱乏而消費者又資金短缺時，環保事業不失為一項利潤豐厚的企業發展戰略。由此可知，題干是對原文的同義轉述，故答案為J。

　　54.E

　　解析：題干意為，埃及的一家食品生產商Sekem設定了通過有機.農業改造沙漠化土地的目標。注意抓住題干中的關鍵信息Sekem、reclaimdesertland和organicfarming。文中E段第二句提到，埃及的一家食品生產商Sekem以通過有機種植來改造沙漠化的土地為己任。由此可知，題干是對原文的同義轉述。故答案為E。

　　55.H

　　解析：題千意為，為了開拓未來市場，這些企業常常會努力接觸并培養低收入消費者，而這常常以犧牲一些短期利益為代價。注意抓住題千中的關鍵信息futuremarkets、educatepoor consumers和short-termprofits。文中H段第一句提到，這些企業還努力接觸、培養低收入消費者，時常為了開拓未來市場而犧牲短期利益。由此可知，題干是對原文的同義轉述，故答案為H。