英語(yǔ)四級(jí)長(zhǎng)篇閱讀模擬題一

　　Directions: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the pangraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.

　　The Art of Friendship

　　A) One evening a few years ago I found myself in an anxiety. Nothing was really wrong my family and I were healthy, my career was busy and successful -- I was just feeling vaguely down and in need of a friend who could raise my spirits, someone who would meet me for coffee and let merant until the clouds lifted. I dialed my best friend, who now lives across the country in California, and got her voicemail. That's when it started to dawn on me -- lonesomeness was at the root of my dreariness. My social life had dwindled to almost nothing, but somehow until that moment I'd been too busy to notice. Now it hit me hard. My old friends, buddies since college or even childhood, know everything about me; when they left, they had taken my context with them.

　　B) Research has shown the long-range negative consequences of social isolation on one's health. But my concerns were more short-term. I needed to feel understood right then in the way that only a girlfriend can understand you. I knew it would be wrong to expect my husband to replace my friends: He couldn't, and even if he could, to whom would I then complain about my husband? So I resolved to acquire new friends -- women like me who had kids and enjoyed rolling their eyes at the worlda little bit just as I did. Since I'd be making friends with more intention than I'd ever given the process, I realized I could be selective, that I could in effect design my own social life. The down side, of course, was that I felt pretty frightened.

　　C) After all, it's a whole lot harder to make friends in midlife that it is when yon're younger -- a fact woman I've spoken with point out again and again. As Leslie Danzig, 41, a Chicago theater director and mother, sees it, when you're in your teens and 20s, you're more or less friends with everyone unless there's a reason not to be. Your college roommate becomes your best pal at least partly due to proximity. Now there needs to be a reason to be friends. "There are many people I'm comfort-able around, but I wouldn't go so far as to call them friends. Comfort isn't enough to sustain a real friendship," Danzig says.

　　D) At first, finding new companions felt awkward. At 40 I couldn't run up to people the way my4-year-old daughters do in the playground and ask, "Will you be my friend? Every time you start anew relationship, you're vulnerable again," agrees Kathleen Hall, D Min, founder and CEO of the Stress Institute, in Atlanta. "You're asking, 'Would you like to come into my life?' It makes us self-conscious."

　　E) Fortunately, my discomfort soon passed. I realized that as a mature friend seeker my vulnerability risk was actually pretty low. If someone didn't take me up on my offer, so what: I wasn't in junior high, when I might have been rejected for having the wrong clothes or hair. At my age I have amassed enough self-esteem to realize that I have plenty to offer.

　　F) We're all so busy, in fact, that mutual interests -- say, in a project, class, or cause that we already make time for -- become the perfect catalysts for bringing us in contact with candidates for camaraderie. Michelle Mertes, 35, a teacher and mother of two in Wausau, Wisconsin, says anew friend she made at church came as a pleasant surprise. "In high school I chose friends based on their popular-ity and how being part of their circle might reflect on me. Now's it's our shared values and activities that count." Mertes says her pal, with whom she organized the church's youth programs, is nothing like her but their drive and organizational skills make them ideal friends.

　　G) Happily, as awkward as making new friends can be, self-esteem issues do not factor in -- or if they do, you can easily put them into perspective. Danzig tells of the mother of a child in her son's pre-school, a tall, beautiful woman who is married to a big-deal rock musician. "I said to my husband, she's too cool for me,'" she jokes. "I get intimidated by people. But once I got to know her, she turned out to be pretty laid-back and friendly." In the end there was no chemistry between them, so they didn't become good pals. "I realized that we weren't each other's type, but it wasn't about hierarchy." What midlife friendship is about, it seems, is reflecting the person you've become (or are still becoming) back at yourself, thus reinforcing the progress you've made in your life.

　　H) Harlene Katzman, 41, a lawyer in New York City, notes that her oldest friends knew her back when she was less sure of herself. As much as she loves them, she believes they sometimes respond to is-sues in light of who she once was. An old chum has the goods on you. With recently made friends, you can turn over a new leaf.

　　I) A new friend, chosen right, can also help you point your boat in the direction you want to go. Hanna Dershowitz, 39, an attorney and mother in Los Angeles, found that a new acquaintance from workwas exactly what she needed in a friend. In addition to liking and respecting Julia, Dershowitz had a feeling that the fit and athletic younger woman would help her to get in shape.

　　J) While you're busy making new friends, remember that you still need to nurture your old ones. We asked Marla Paul, author of The Friendship Crisis: Finding, Making, and Keeping Friends When You "re Not a Kid Anymore, for the best ways to maintain these important relationships. Keep in touch. Your friends should be a priority; schedule regular lunch dates or coffee catch-up sessions, no matter how busy you are. Know her business. Keep track of important events in a friend's life and show your support. Call or e-mail to let her know you're thinking of her. Speak your mind. Tell a friend (politely) if something she did really upset you. If you can't be totally honest, then you need to reexamine the relationship. Accept her flaws. No one is perfect, so work around her quirks --she's chronically late, or she's a bit negative -- to cut down on frustration and fights. Boost her ego. Heartfelt compliments make everyone feel great, so tell her how much you love her new sweater or what a great job she did on a work project.

　　46. Leslie Danzig thought making friends at one's middle age needed some reasons.

　　47. A well-chosen new friend can help you go in the direction that you like.

　　48. A few years ago the author felt lonely and depressed when she phoned her best friend in another city who was much wanted then but unavailable.

　　49. According to Kathleen Hall, one might feel sensitive in the first curse of making new friends.

　　50. Midlife friendship can help you realize your direction of life and reinforce the progress you've made in your life.

　　51. In Mafia Paul's book, to be a better friend, you should keep track with your fiiends, care for your friend's job, express yourself, accept her flaws and compliment your friend for her/his good dressing and job.

　　52. For the author, a girl friend might be the right person to under "stand her and erase her negative feeling.

　　53. According to Michelle Metes, midlife friendship is based on the shared values and activities

　　54. As a mature friend seeker, the author finds herself with enough confidence to offer and take rejection with grace.

　　55. With newly made friends, you can have a chance to take on a new look in your life.

　　英語(yǔ)四級(jí)長(zhǎng)篇閱讀模擬題答案解析

　　交友之道

　　A)數(shù)年前的一天晚上，我發(fā)現(xiàn)自己陷入了焦慮中。事實(shí)上，一切事情祁如常，我和家人都很健康;我工作忙碌，事業(yè)有成。我只是隱隱約約感到情緒很低落，急需一個(gè)朋友能給我打打氣，跟我喝杯咖啡，聽我盡情發(fā)泄直到煙消云散。我最好的朋友住在加州—這個(gè)國(guó)家的另一端。我撥通了她的電話，卻聽到要求留言的錄音。陰影從此開始籠罩著我，孤獨(dú)是我沮喪的根源。我的社交生活已經(jīng)減少到幾乎沒(méi)有，但不知何故，直到那一該，我才注意到這一點(diǎn)。現(xiàn)在，這種感覺(jué)卻狠雛地撞擊著我。戈的那些老朋友們，從大學(xué)甚至孩提時(shí)代就已深交的密友，對(duì)我了如指掌，但他們一離開，也把我生活的環(huán)境一并帶走了。

　　B)研究表明，缺少社交生活對(duì)人的健康會(huì)產(chǎn)生長(zhǎng)期的消極后果。還好，我妁焦慮期持續(xù)時(shí)間相當(dāng)短暫。l521在那時(shí)我需要被理解，是只有女性朋友才能理解的那種方式。我知道期望我的丈夫取代噴油的想法是 錯(cuò)誤的：他不能，即使他能，我又和誰(shuí)傾訴我對(duì)丈夫的抱怨呢?于是，我下定決心要結(jié)交新朋友，目標(biāo)是像我一樣——有孩子而且關(guān)注這個(gè)世界的婦女。因?yàn)槲疫@樣交友的目的性更明確，我逐漸意識(shí)到，我是可以進(jìn)行選擇的，我實(shí)際上是可以設(shè)計(jì)我的社交生活的。當(dāng)然它的消極一面就是我感到非常害怕。

　　C)畢竟，在中年時(shí)期交友要比年輕時(shí)困難得多一——這是個(gè)客觀存在的顯示，與我聊過(guò)的女性曾不止一次地指出這一點(diǎn)。41歲的Leslie Danzi9是芝加哥的一位戲劇導(dǎo)演，也是一位母親，1461她的看法是，在十幾歲、二十幾歲的時(shí)候，除了有特殊理由不能成為朋友的情況，人差不多可以跟所有人成為朋友。 你的大學(xué)室友，至少余因?yàn)樽叩帽容^近而成為你最好的朋友。一現(xiàn)在，我們則需要理由才能成為朋友。Danzi9說(shuō)，“有很多人，我跟他們?cè)谝黄鸬臅r(shí)候很舒服，但我不會(huì)因此稱他們?yōu)榕笥选Ｊ孢m度還不足以維持真正的友誼。”

　　D)一開始的時(shí)候，尋找新的伙伴的確讓入有點(diǎn)尷尬。四十歲了，我無(wú)法像我四歲的女兒那樣在操場(chǎng)上碰到人就問(wèn)：“能跟我做朋友嗎?”。【49】 每次建立一群新關(guān)系，你就會(huì)又變得脆弱了，”，KathleenHall，教牧學(xué)博士，亞特蘭大壓力研究所的創(chuàng)始人兼首席執(zhí)行官，贊同這一看法。她說(shuō)： “你是在問(wèn)：‘你愿意參與到我的生活中嗎?’這使我們局促不安。”

　　E)幸運(yùn)的是，我的不適感很快就過(guò)去了。我意識(shí)到，作為一個(gè)尋找朋友的成年人，我變得脆弱的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)其實(shí)是非常低的。如果有人不愿意接受我的請(qǐng)求，那又如何呢?我不再是個(gè)初中生，那時(shí)我可能會(huì)因?yàn)榇┎淮钫{(diào)的衣服或者發(fā)型不好看而被拒絕。【54】到了我這個(gè)年紀(jì)。我已經(jīng)方足夠的自信，我以為我有足夠吸引對(duì)方的東西。

　　F)事實(shí)上，我們都很忙，以至于共同的興趣，譬如，我們?yōu)橹β档捻?xiàng)目、課程或事業(yè)，就成為把我們與建立伙伴關(guān)系的候選人聯(lián)系在一起的理想的催化劑。35歲的MichelleMertes是盛斯康辛州沃索地區(qū)一名教師及兩個(gè)孩子的母親，她說(shuō)在教會(huì)結(jié)交的新朋友對(duì)她來(lái)說(shuō)是一份驚喜。【53】 Mertes說(shuō)，上中學(xué)對(duì)，我是根據(jù)他們的受歡迎程度以及成為她們?nèi)ψ拥囊粏T可能對(duì)或盧生的影響來(lái)選擇朋友的。現(xiàn)在，共同的價(jià)值觀和參加的勞動(dòng)則成為我選擇朋友的關(guān)鍵因素。二她與一起組織教會(huì)的青年項(xiàng)目的好朋友，雖然性格不同，但她們的干勁和組織能力使她們成為彼此的理想好友。

　　G)令人高興的是，盡管結(jié)交新朋友是一件尷尬的事情，但自尊問(wèn)題不是結(jié)交朋友需要考慮的因素—～否則，如果將自尊問(wèn)題作為結(jié)交朋友的考慮因素，你也能很容易地洞察這一點(diǎn)。Danzig講述了她兒子所在的幼兒園的一個(gè)孩子的母親的故事。那位女士身材高大，美麗動(dòng)八，嫁給了一位有名的搖滾音樂(lè)家。 “我曾跟我的丈夫說(shuō)，‘對(duì)我來(lái)說(shuō)她太酷了，”她開玩笑道。“周圍的人都告誡我要警惕。但是，當(dāng)我跟她混熟了，才發(fā)現(xiàn)她原來(lái)是個(gè)非常悠閑而友好的人。”最終，她們之間因?yàn)闆](méi)有“化學(xué)反應(yīng)”，沒(méi)能成為好朋友。“我意識(shí)到，我們不是同一類人，但這跟社會(huì)地位沒(méi)有關(guān)系。”【50】現(xiàn)在看來(lái)：中年友誼似乎能反應(yīng)你所屬的類型(或正在成為的類型)，從而加強(qiáng)你在生活中取得的進(jìn)展。

　　H)41歲的Harlene Katzman是紐約市的一名律師，她認(rèn)為，在她無(wú)法確定自已是否變樣的時(shí)候，最老的朋友知道她原來(lái)的樣子。她依然非常愛她們，她相信她們有時(shí)對(duì)問(wèn)題的反應(yīng)能夠反映出她曾經(jīng)的樣子，擁有老朋友對(duì)你而言大有益處。【55】而跟新交的朋友在一起：紜可以翻開新的一頁(yè)。

　　I)【47】新朋友，如果選擇對(duì)了的話， 還可以幫助找到航行的方向。39歲的Hanna Dershowitz是洛杉磯的一名律師，也是一位母親。她發(fā)現(xiàn)，她在工作中新結(jié)交的一個(gè)人， Julia，正是她需要的好友。除了喜歡和尊重Julia，Dershowitz有一種感覺(jué)，這個(gè)健康且從事運(yùn)動(dòng)事業(yè)的年輕女性能幫助她保持身材。

　　J)當(dāng)你忙著結(jié)交新朋友時(shí)，請(qǐng)記住，你仍需要與老朋友們培養(yǎng)感情。我們請(qǐng)Maria Paul，《友誼的危機(jī)：當(dāng)你不再是孩童時(shí)，如何尋找朋友、結(jié)交朋友與保持友情》的作者，告訴我們維持這些重要關(guān)系的最佳途徑。保持聯(lián)系。朋友至上。無(wú)論你有多忙，都要抽空定期與朋友吃頓飯或者喝杯咖啡閑聊。了解她的事業(yè)。知道朋友生活中經(jīng)歷的重要事件，并適時(shí)表示你的支持，打電話或者發(fā)郵件讓她知道你時(shí)刻都在想著她。坦誠(chéng)相待。如果朋友確實(shí)做了讓你懊惱的事情，一定要(委婉地)告訴她。如果你不能完全坦誠(chéng)的話，就需要重新審視這段關(guān)系。包容她的缺點(diǎn)。人無(wú)完人，因此不要糾結(jié)于她的怪癖～她經(jīng)常遲到或者她有一點(diǎn)消極——以減少挫折和斗爭(zhēng)。滿足她的自尊。真心的贊美使人感覺(jué)良好，所以要告訴她，你多喜歡她的新毛衣，她做了多么偉大的工作。

　　46.Leslie Danzig thought making friends at one’S middle age needed some reasons.LeslieDanzig認(rèn)為在中年交朋友需要一些理由。

　　【解析】C)。細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)句子關(guān)鍵詞Leslie Danzi9和making friends al one’S middle age可定位至Cl段。該段中Danzi9說(shuō)在十幾、二十幾歲的時(shí)候，基本上可以和所有人交朋友，但現(xiàn)在需要充分的理由才能交到朋友，舒適度不足以維持真正的友誼。可見她認(rèn)為中年交友需要。一些理由。

　　47.A well—chosen new friend can help you go in the direction that you like.選擇得當(dāng)?shù)男屡笥涯軒湍愠阆蛲姆较蚯斑M(jìn)。

　　【解析】I)。細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)句子關(guān)鍵詞a well—chosen new friend和：he direction that you like可定位至I)段。該段首句指出：新朋友，如果選擇對(duì)了的話，還可以幫助你找到航行的方向。

　　48.A few years ago the author felt lonely and depressed when she phoned her best friend in another city who was much wanted then but unavailable.

　　數(shù)年前，作者給遠(yuǎn)在他鄉(xiāng)的最好的朋友打電話，作者當(dāng)時(shí)很需要她卻沒(méi)人接，因此感到很孤獨(dú)沮喪。

　　【解析】A)。歸納題。根據(jù)句子關(guān)鍵詞a few years a90和phoned her best friend可定位在A)段。句子是對(duì)整段的概括總結(jié)。

　　49.According to Kathleen Hall，one might feel sensitive in the first course ofmaking new friends.

　　KathleenHall覺(jué)得人們?cè)趧傞_始結(jié)交新朋友的過(guò)程中會(huì)變得敏感，

　　【解析】 D)。細(xì)節(jié)題。由句子中的Kathleen Hall定位至D)段。該段最后一句提到，Kathleen Hall認(rèn)為每次建立一種新關(guān)系，人就會(huì)變得脆弱、敏感。

　　50.Midlife friendship can help you realize your direction oflife and reinforze the progress yOU’ve made in your life.

　　中年友誼可以幫你認(rèn)清生活前進(jìn)的方向和鞏固進(jìn)步。

　　【解析】 G)。細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)句子關(guān)鍵詞midlife friendship和reinforce the progress可定位至G)段末句。現(xiàn)在看來(lái)，中年友誼似乎能反映出你所屬的類型(或正在成為的類型)，從而加強(qiáng)你在生活中取得的進(jìn)展。5 1.In Maria Paul’S book，to be a better friend，you should keep track with yourfriends，care for your friend’s job，ex—press yourself,accept her flaws and compliment your friend for her/his good dressing and job.Maria Paul的書中寫到，要成為更好的朋友，你應(yīng)該和朋友保持聯(lián)系，關(guān)心朋友的工作，表達(dá)自己的思想，包容朋友的缺點(diǎn)，贊揚(yáng)朋友。

　　【解析】J)。歸納題。根據(jù)句子中的MariaPaul’Sbook可定位至文章末段。該段列舉如何鞏固和朋友的關(guān)系。句子是對(duì)整段的概括總結(jié)。

　　52.For the author,a girl friend might be the fight person to understand her and erase her negative feelin9.

　　對(duì)作者來(lái)說(shuō)，她需要一位女性朋友理解和化解自己的負(fù)面感受。

　　【解析】 B)。細(xì)節(jié)題。由句子中的the right person和understand等字眼定位至B)段。作者提到只有女性的朋友才能理解她的感受。

　　53.According to Michelle Mertes，midlife friendship is based on the shared values and activities

　　Michelle Mertes認(rèn)為中年友誼的基石是共同的價(jià)值觀和參與的活動(dòng)。

　　【解析】 F)。細(xì)節(jié)題。由句子中的MichelleMertes可定位至F)段。Mertes說(shuō)：上中學(xué)時(shí)，我是根據(jù)她們的受歡迎程度以及成為她們?nèi)ψ拥囊粏T可能對(duì)我產(chǎn)生的影響來(lái)選擇朋友的。現(xiàn)在，共同的價(jià)值觀和參加的活動(dòng)則成為我選擇朋友的關(guān)鍵因素。

　　54.As a mature friend seeker,the author finds herself with enough confidence to offer and take rejecfion with grace.

　　作為一名成熟的交友者，作者發(fā)現(xiàn)自己有足夠的自信發(fā)出邀請(qǐng)和坦然接受拒絕。

　　【解析】 E)。細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)句子關(guān)鍵詞a mature friend seeker和offe“'ejection可定位至E)段。該段中作者指出自己已經(jīng)成熟，能坦然接受對(duì)方的拒絕，也保有自信，相信自己有魅力。

　　55.With newly made friends，you Can have a chance to take on a new look in your life.

　　和新朋友一起，你有機(jī)會(huì)呈現(xiàn)新面貌。

　　【解析】 H)。細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)句子關(guān)鍵詞takeon anewlook可定位至E段末句。而跟新交的朋友在一起，你可以翻開新的一頁(yè)。Take on anewlook和takeoveranewleaf是同類表述。

　　英語(yǔ)四級(jí)長(zhǎng)篇閱讀模擬題二

　　Directions: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Eachstatement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.

　　TV Linked to Lower Marks

　　A) The effect of television on children has been debated ever since the first sets were turned on. Now three new studies find that too much tube time can lower test scores, retard learning and even predict college performance. The reports appear in the July issue of the Archives of Pediatrics & Ado-lescent Medicine.

　　B) In the first report, researchers studied the effect that having a TV in a child's bedroom can have on third graders. "We looked at the household media environment in relation to 　　academic achievementon mathematics, reading and language arts tests," said study author Dina L.G. Borzekowski, an as-sistant professor at Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health.

　　C) Borzekowski and her colleague, Dr. Thomas Robinson of Stanford University, collected data on386 third graders and their parents about how much TV the children watched, the number of TV sets, computers and video game consoles in the household and where they were. They also collected data on how much time the children spent using the different media, as well as the time spent doing homework and reading. The researchers found that the media in the household, where it is and how it is used can have a profound effect on learning. "We found that the household media environment has a very close association with performance on the different test scores," Borzekowski said.

　　D) "A child who has a TV in his or her bedroom is likely to have a score that is eight points lower on a mathematics test compared to a child who doesn't have a TV in the bedroom," she noted. These children also scored lower on the reading and language arts tests. However, children who have ac-cess to a home computer are likely to have higher scores on each of the tests compared with children who don't have access to a home computer, Borzekowski noted.

　　E) The reasons why TV has this negative effect are not clear, Borzekowski said. "When there's TV in the bedroom, parents are less likely to have control over the content and the amount watched," Borzekowski said. "They are also unable to know how early or how late the set is on. This seems to be associated with kids' performance on academic tests." Borzekowski believes that content and the time the TV is on may be the primary reasons for its negative effect. "If the TV is in the family room, then parents can see the content of what children are watching," she said. "Parents can choose to sit alongside and watch, or turn the set off. A simple and straightforward, positive parenting strategy is to keep the TV out of the child's bedroom, or remove it if it's already there."

　　F) In the second report, Dr. Robert J. Hancox from the University of Ot ago in Dunedin, New Zealand, and colleagues found, regardless of your intelligence or social background, if you watch a lot of TV during childhood, you are a lot less likely to have a college degree by your mid-20s. In their study, the researchers followed 1,037 people born in 1972 and 1973. Every two years, between the ages of5 and 15, they were asked how much television they watched. The researchers found that those who watched the most television during these years had earned fewer degrees by the time they were 26."We found that the more television the child had watched, the more likely they were to leave school without any qualifications," Hancox said in a prepared statement. "Those who watched little television had the best chance of going on to university and earning a degree."

　　G) Hancox's team found that watching TV at an early age had the most effect on graduating from college. "An interesting finding was that although teenage viewing was strongly linked to leaving school without any qualifications, it was earlier childhood viewing that had the greatest impact on getting a degree," he said. "This suggests that excessive television in younger children has a long-lasting adverse effect on educational performance."

　　H) In the third paper, Frederick J. Zimmerman and Dr. Dimitri A. Christakis from the University of Washington report that, for very young children, watching TV can result in lower test scores in mathematics, reading recognition and reading comprehension. "We looked at how much television children watched before age 3 and then at ages 3 to 5," Zimmerman said. "We found that for children who watched a small amount of TV in the earlier years, there was co nsider able beneficial effect compared to children who watched a lot of TV."

　　I) For children aged 3 to 5, the effect was not as clear, Zimmerman said. "There were some beneficial effects of watching TV on reading, but no beneficial effects for math or vocabulary," he noted. "The worst pattern was to watch more than three hours of TV before age 3. Those kids had a significant disadvantage compared to the other kids." Parents should follow the American Academy of Pediatrics recommendation, which is no TV for children under 2, Zimmerman said. "Personally, I feel the cutoff should be children under 3, because there is just not any good content for children under 3."

　　J) One expert believes that TV can have both positive and negative effects, but it all depends on what children are watching. "Content matters," said Deborah L. Line barger, an assistant professor at the University of Pennsylvania, who co-authored an accompanying editorial. "Educational content has been found to be related to performance on school readiness tests, higher grades when they are teen-agers, whereas, non-educational content tends to be associated with lower academic performance."

　　K) Another expert agrees. "TV watching takes up space that could be used by more useful things," said Dr. Christopher P. Lucas, a clinical coordinator at the Early Childhood Evaluation and Treatment Program at the New York University Child Study Center. "TV is not necessarily toxic, but is some-thing that has to be done in moderation; something that balances the other needs of the child for healthy development."

　　L) Lucas puts the responsibility for how much TV kids watch and what they watch squarely on parents. "The amount of TV watching certainly has a link with the reduced amount of time reading or doing homework," he said. "The key is the amount of control parents have in limiting the amount of access. Get the TV out of the bedroom; be aware of what is being watched; limit the amount of TV watching."

　　46. According to Borzekowski, children having chances to use a family computer are likely to acquire better results on the different tests.

　　47. The reports issued in the Archives of Pediatrics & Adolescents Medicine find that watching too much TV leads to poor performance in school.

　　48. Watching more than three hours of TV before age 3 has bad effect on kids.

　　49. According to the second report, the chance for one to acquire a college degree depends on the amount of his TV watching during childhood.

　　50. In Deborah L. Lingbarger's opinion, educational content is helpful for teenagers to get better results on school readiness tests.

　　51. The environment of family media greatly affects children's test scores according to the first report.

　　52. Borzekowski believes that TV's negative effect on children's marks may mainly lie in what children watch on TV and how much time they spend on it.

　　53. Lucas thinks parents should take the responsibility to supervise kids' TV watching.

　　54. According to the recommendation from American Academy of Pediatrics, children under 2 should watch no TV.

　　55. Hancox thinks earlier childhood TV watching affects one's acquiring a college degree most.

　　英語(yǔ)四級(jí)長(zhǎng)篇閱讀模擬題答案解析

　　SectionB

　　電視機(jī)與成績(jī)差有關(guān)

　　A.)自電視機(jī)問(wèn)世以來(lái)，其對(duì)孩子的影響便一直頗具爭(zhēng)議。【47】目前，有三項(xiàng)新的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，看電視事假太長(zhǎng)會(huì)導(dǎo)致學(xué)習(xí)成績(jī)下降，妨礙學(xué)習(xí)進(jìn)步，甚至影響在大學(xué)的成績(jī)。這三項(xiàng)研究報(bào)告刊截在7月份的《兒科和青春期醫(yī)學(xué)檔案》雜志上。

　　B)在第一份報(bào)告中，研究人員研究在三年級(jí)學(xué)生的臥室里放置電視對(duì)他們的影響。其中的一位研究人員是約翰霍普金斯大學(xué)彭博公共衛(wèi)生學(xué)院的助理教授DinaL.G.Borzekowski，她表示：“我們研究的是家庭媒體環(huán)境對(duì)數(shù)學(xué)、閱讀和語(yǔ)言藝術(shù)等科目測(cè)試成績(jī)的影響。”

　　C)Borzekowski和她的同事，斯坦福大學(xué)的Thomas Robinson博士，調(diào)查了386位三年級(jí)學(xué)生及其父母，收集了大量關(guān)于孩子看電視花費(fèi)的時(shí)間、家中的電視機(jī)、電腦和視頻游戲設(shè)備的數(shù)量及其擺放位置。他們還收集了一些關(guān)于孩子在不同媒體上所花的時(shí)間和在家庭作業(yè)與閱讀上所花的時(shí)間的數(shù)據(jù)。研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)，家中媒體設(shè)備的擺放位置和使用方式對(duì)孩子的學(xué)習(xí)有重要的影響。【51】Borzekowski表示：“我們發(fā)現(xiàn)家庭媒體環(huán)境與孩子不同的測(cè)驗(yàn)分?jǐn)?shù)的表現(xiàn)有密切的關(guān)系。”

　　D)她表示：“臥室有電視機(jī)的孩子，其數(shù)學(xué)成績(jī)比臥室沒(méi)有電視機(jī)的孩子很可能會(huì)低8分。”而且他們的閱讀和語(yǔ)言藝術(shù)考試成績(jī)也相對(duì)降低。可是Borzekowski又說(shuō)，【46】可以使用家庭電腦的孩子比家中沒(méi)有電腦的孩子更有可能在這些科目的測(cè)試中取程更高的分?jǐn)?shù)。

　　E)Borzekowsk表示目前關(guān)于電視會(huì)造成這種負(fù)面影響的原因尚不明確。她說(shuō)：“如果孩子的臥室有電視機(jī)，家長(zhǎng)便不太可能控制孩子們觀看的內(nèi)容和時(shí)間。他們也不可能知道孩子們多早或多晚打開電視機(jī)。這似乎與孩子的學(xué)習(xí)成績(jī)有關(guān)。”【52】 Bomekows】認(rèn)為電視內(nèi)容和觀看的時(shí)間可能是導(dǎo)致電視機(jī)的負(fù)面影響的主要原因。“如果電視在客廳，那么家長(zhǎng)便可以知道孩子所觀看的內(nèi)容，”她說(shuō)。 “家長(zhǎng)可以選擇坐在旁邊一起觀看，或者將電視機(jī)關(guān)掉。一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單、直接、有效地方式就是不要在孩子的臥室放電視機(jī)，如果已經(jīng)放了，那就搬出來(lái)吧。”

　　G)Hancox的研究團(tuán)隊(duì)還發(fā)現(xiàn)兒童時(shí)期看電視對(duì)從大學(xué)畢業(yè)的影響最大。他說(shuō)：“一項(xiàng)有趣的發(fā)現(xiàn)是，雖然少年時(shí)期看電視很可能會(huì)導(dǎo)致沒(méi)有畢業(yè)就離開學(xué)校，但是對(duì)能否取得學(xué)位影響最大的卻是童年時(shí)期看電視。這表明，在童年時(shí)期，過(guò)度看電視會(huì)對(duì)學(xué)業(yè)造成長(zhǎng)期持續(xù)的不利影響。”

　　H)在第三份報(bào)告中，F(xiàn)rederick J.Zimmerman和來(lái)自華盛頓大學(xué)的Dimitri A.Christakis博士認(rèn)為，對(duì)于幼兒來(lái)說(shuō)，看電視會(huì)導(dǎo)致數(shù)學(xué)、閱讀認(rèn)知和閱讀理解的分?jǐn)?shù)降低。Zimmerman表示“我們研究了孩子在3歲以前和在3到5歲之間看電視所花的時(shí)間的數(shù)量，結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)與花許多時(shí)間看電視的孩子相比，小時(shí)候很少看電視的孩子有相當(dāng)大的優(yōu)勢(shì)。”

　　J)一位專家認(rèn)為，電視有積極和消極的影響，而這完全取決于孩子所看的內(nèi)容。賓夕法尼亞大學(xué)的助理教授Deborah L.Linebarger曾參與編寫一篇補(bǔ)充社論，他認(rèn)為：“內(nèi)容很重要。【50】教育性的內(nèi)容與入學(xué)須備考試的成績(jī)有關(guān)，有助于青少年取得更好的成績(jī)，而非教育性的力容則往往導(dǎo)致學(xué)習(xí)成績(jī)下降。”

　　K)另外一位專家Christopher P.Lucas博士也同意這一觀點(diǎn)。他是紐約大學(xué)兒童研究中心幼兒評(píng)價(jià)與治療計(jì)劃的臨床協(xié)調(diào)員，他認(rèn)為：“看電視會(huì)占據(jù)用于做其他更有用的事情的時(shí)間。電視不一定有害處，但是看電視應(yīng)該適度。為了孩子的健康發(fā)展，看電視要和孩子的其他需求保持平衡。”

　　L)【53】Lucae認(rèn)為孩子看電視的時(shí)間和內(nèi)容該完全由父母負(fù)責(zé)監(jiān)督。他說(shuō)：“看電視的時(shí)間太長(zhǎng)，自然就會(huì)減少閱讀或做家庭作業(yè)的時(shí)間。關(guān)鍵在于家長(zhǎng)要控制孩子看電視的時(shí)間。把電視從臥室里搬出來(lái)，要知道孩子觀看的內(nèi)容，限制看電視的時(shí)間。”

　　46.According to Borzekowski，children having chances to use a family computer are likely to acquire better re-suits on the different tests.Borzekowski發(fā)現(xiàn)能接觸使用家用電腦的孩子各項(xiàng)測(cè)試成績(jī)一般更好。

　　【解析】 D)。細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)句中chancestouse afamily computer可將答案定位于D)段最后一句話。可是Borzekowski又說(shuō)，可以使用家庭電腦的孩子比家中沒(méi)有電腦的孩子更有可能在這些科目的測(cè)試中取得更高的分?jǐn)?shù).

　　47.The reports issued in the Archives of Pediatrics&Adolescents Medicine find that watching too much TV leads to poor perform ancein sch001.《兒科和青春期醫(yī)學(xué)檔案》雜志研究發(fā)現(xiàn)看電視時(shí)間太長(zhǎng)會(huì)導(dǎo)致學(xué)習(xí)成績(jī)差。

　　【解析】 A)。細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)句中the Archives of Pediatrics& Adolescents Medicine可將答案定位于Al段后兩句。目前，有三項(xiàng)新的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，看電視時(shí)間太長(zhǎng)會(huì)導(dǎo)致學(xué)習(xí)成績(jī)下降，妨礙學(xué)習(xí)進(jìn)步，甚至影響在大學(xué)的成績(jī)。這三項(xiàng)研究報(bào)告刊載在7月份的《兒科和青春期醫(yī)學(xué)檔案》雜志上。

　　48.Watching more than three hours of TV before age 3 has bad effect on kids.

　　三歲前每天看電視三個(gè)小時(shí)以上會(huì)對(duì)孩子產(chǎn)生不好的影響。

　　【解析】I)。細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)句中more than three hours of TV before age 3可將答案定位于I)段第三四句話。最糟糕的便是在3歲之前每天看3個(gè)小時(shí)以上的電視。與其他孩子相比，他們會(huì)有較大的劣勢(shì)。

　　49.According to the second report，the chance for one to acquire a college degree depends on the amount of his TV watching during childhood.

　　第二則報(bào)告顯示：一個(gè)人能否獲取大學(xué)學(xué)位取決于他少年期看電視的時(shí)間。

　　【解析】F)。歸納題。根據(jù)句中the chance for one to acquire a college degree可將答案定位于F)段。F段整段的中心意思就是少年期看電視越多越不容易獲得大學(xué)學(xué)位，反之亦然。

　　50.In Deborah L.Lingbarger’s opinion，educational content is helpful for teenagers to get better results on school readiness tests.Deborah L.Ling barger認(rèn)為(電視上的)教育性內(nèi)容可以幫助青少年在入學(xué)預(yù)備考試中取得更好的成績(jī)。

　　【解析】 J)。細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)句中educational content可將答案定位于J)段末句。內(nèi)容很重要。教育性的內(nèi)容與入學(xué)預(yù)備考試的成績(jī)有關(guān)，有助于青少年取得更好的成績(jī)，而非教育性的內(nèi)容則往往導(dǎo)致學(xué)習(xí)成績(jī)下降。

　　51. environment of family media greatly affects children’s test Scorcs according to the first report.

　　第一則報(bào)告發(fā)現(xiàn)，家庭媒體環(huán)境極大地影響孩子的測(cè)試成績(jī)。

　　【解析】C)。細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)句中environment of family media可將答案定位于C)段末句。我們發(fā)現(xiàn)家庭媒體環(huán)境與孩子不同的測(cè)驗(yàn)分?jǐn)?shù)的表現(xiàn)有密切的關(guān)系。

　　52.Borzekowski believes that TV’s negative effect on children’s marks may mainly lie in what children watch on TV and how much time they spend on it.

　　Borzekowski認(rèn)為電視給孩子的成績(jī)帶來(lái)負(fù)面影響，原因主要在于其收看內(nèi)容和時(shí)長(zhǎng)。

　　【解析】 E)。細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)句中TV’s negative effect可將答案定位于E)段，此段整段都在探討電視負(fù)面效應(yīng)的原因。其中一句尤為點(diǎn)題：Borzekowskibelieves that content and the lime the"IV is on may be the primary reasons for its negative effect.Borzekowski認(rèn)為電視內(nèi)容和觀看的時(shí)間可能是導(dǎo)致電視機(jī)的負(fù)面影響的主要原因。What children watch on TV and how much time they spend on it是.content and the time的同類表述。

　　53•Lucas thinks parents should take the responsibility to supervise kids’TV watchin.　Lucas認(rèn)為父母有責(zé)任監(jiān)督孩子看電視。

　　【解析】 L)。細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)句中parents should take the responsibility可將答案定位于L)段首句。Lucas認(rèn)為孩予看電視的時(shí)間和內(nèi)容應(yīng)該完全由父母負(fù)責(zé)監(jiān)督。

　　54.According to　the recommendation　from　American　Academy　of　Peadialrics，children under　2 should　watch TV.

　　美國(guó)小兒科協(xié)會(huì)建議不要讓兩歲以下孩子看電視。

　　【解析】 I)。細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)句中Amcerican Academy of Peadiatrics和under2可將答案定位于I)段倒數(shù)第二句。Zimmerman表示家長(zhǎng)應(yīng)該聽從美國(guó)小兒科學(xué)會(huì)的建議，不要讓2歲以下的孩子看電視。

　　55.Hancox thinks earlier childhood TV watching affects one’s acquiring a college degree most.

　　Hancox認(rèn)為兒童早期看電視最影響一個(gè)人能否獲取大學(xué)學(xué)位。

　　【解析】 G)。細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)句中earlier childhood和college degree可將答案定位于G)段第二句。一項(xiàng)有趣的發(fā)現(xiàn)是，雖然少年時(shí)期看電視很可能會(huì)導(dǎo)致沒(méi)有畢業(yè)就離開學(xué)校，但是對(duì)能否取得學(xué)位影響最大的卻是童年時(shí)期看電視。