2017年英語四級閱讀理解模擬題
2017年英語四級閱讀理解模擬題一
Dent station is situated on the Settle to Carlisle railway line, said to be the most38in the country. But no amount of scenic beauty can save the line from British Rail’s cash problems. This year, for the 39 of economy, the express trains which used to pass through Dent station have been put on to another route.
It is now an open secret that British Rail sees no future for this railway line. Most of its trains disappeared some time ago. Its bridge, built on a grand 40 a century ago, is falling down. It is not alone. Half-a-dozen railway routes in the north of England are facing a similar threat. The problem is a worn-out system and an almost 41 lack of cash to repair it. Bridges and tunnels are showing their age, the wooden supports for the tracks are rotting and engines and coaches are getting old. On42lines between large cities, the problem is not too bad. These lines still make a profit and cash can be found to43 them. But on the country branch line, the story is different. As track wears out, it is not replaced. Instead speed limits are introduced, making journeys longer than necessary and discouraging customers.
If a bridge is dangerous, there is often only one thing for British Rail to do: go out and find money from another44. This is exactly what it did a few months ago when a bridge at Bridlington station was threatening to fail down. Repairs were45 at 200,000--just for one bridge--and British Rail was delighted, and rather surprised, when two local councils offered half that amount between them.
A. maintain
B. scenic
C. transcend
D. source
E. estimated
F. sake
G. complex
H.simply
I. consolidation
J. situated
K. respectively
L. total
M. major
N. restrained
O. scale
2017年英語四級閱讀理解模擬題答案解析
36.J
語法判斷:分析句子主干可知,空格前后是一個完整的句子,因此,可以判斷此處缺少一個分詞和后面的high in the hills ofYorkshire一起構(gòu)成分詞短語作后置定語,修飾句子的主語Dent,描述Dent所在的地理位置。
語義判斷:符合上述語法條件的選項(xiàng)有過去分詞estimated、situated以及restrained三個,estimated意為“據(jù)估計(jì)”,situated意為“位于”,restrained意為“受到限制”。結(jié)合語境可知,只有situated符合文意,故選J。
37.H
語法判斷:分析句子主干可知,該空所處的句子是一個由關(guān)系代詞who引導(dǎo)的定語從句,這里缺少一個副詞修飾后面的謂語動詞want。
語義判斷:符合上述語法條件的副詞有兩個:simply意為“僅僅”,respectively意為“分別地,各自”0此處是要表達(dá)“人們僅僅想去最高的火車站乘坐火車”,可知只有simply符合,故選H。
38.B
語法判斷:分析句子主干可知,該空所處的是一個過去分詞短語結(jié)構(gòu),該結(jié)構(gòu)前面是個完整的句子,它在句子中作主語Dent的補(bǔ)足語。這里缺少一個多音節(jié)的形容詞,因?yàn)樗懊嬗邢祫釉~be和最高級themost。
語義判斷:備選的形容詞有scenic(風(fēng)景優(yōu)美的)、complex(復(fù)雜的)、total(整體的)以及major(主要的)四個。結(jié)合句意“據(jù)說是英國風(fēng)景最優(yōu)美的”,可知B是正確答案。
39.F
語法判斷:分析句子主干可知,空格后是一個完整的句子,判斷空格處所在短語for the__________ofeconomy在句中作狀語。分析此短語可知,這里缺少一個名詞。
語義判斷:備選的名詞有source(渠道)、sake(緣故)、consolidation(鞏固)和scale(規(guī)模)四項(xiàng),只有sake是正確的,forthe sake of是固定短語,意為“為了,出于……的緣故”。
40.0
語法判斷:分析句子主干可知,該空所處的是一個過去分詞短語結(jié)構(gòu),該結(jié)構(gòu)前后是個完整的句子,它在句子中作主語bridge的后置定語。本空缺少一個名詞,作介詞on的賓語,并和on一起構(gòu)成介詞短語,且該名詞是單數(shù)形式,因?yàn)榍懊嬗胁欢ü谠~a來限制。
語義判斷:結(jié)合39題的“語義判斷”可知,符合上述語法條件的名詞還剩下source、consolidation和scale。on agrand/large scale是一個常用表達(dá),意為“大規(guī)模地”,符合此處文意,故選O。
41.L
語法判斷:分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知。本空缺少一個形容詞來修飾后面的名詞lack,因?yàn)樗c前面的形容詞wom.out(修飾后面的名詞system)并列關(guān)系。
語義判斷:結(jié)合38題的“語義判斷”可知,符合上述語法條件的選項(xiàng)還剩下complex、total以及major,此處是要表達(dá)“幾乎完全缺乏現(xiàn)金”,因此L是正確答案。
42.M
語法判斷:分析句子主干可知,該空所處的是一個介詞短語結(jié)構(gòu),該結(jié)構(gòu)后是個完整的句子,它在句子中作整個句子的狀語。本空缺少一個形容詞作定語,修飾后面的名詞lines。
語義判斷:結(jié)合38題和41題的“語義判斷”可知,符合上述語法條件的選項(xiàng)剩下complex和major,這里的意思是“在主干線上”,因此只有major符合文意。
43.A
語法判斷:分析句子主干可知,本空需要一個動詞原形,與前面的to一起構(gòu)成動詞不定式,作句子的目的狀語。
語義判斷:符合上述語法條件的動詞有maintain(維護(hù))和transcend(超越),結(jié)合句意“有現(xiàn)金去維護(hù)這些干線”可知只有maintain符合文意,故選A。
44.D
語法判斷:分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,該空所處的是一個介詞短語的結(jié)構(gòu),該結(jié)構(gòu)作前面動詞find的狀語。這里需要一個名詞,作介詞from的賓語,且該名詞是單數(shù)形式,因?yàn)榍懊嬗衋nother來限制。
語義判斷:結(jié)合39題和40題的“語義判斷”可知,符合上述語法條件的名詞還剩下source和consolidation,這里的意思是“從另外的渠道”,因此D項(xiàng)是正確答案。
45.E
語法判斷:本句空格前為句子主語和系動詞were,空格后是介詞短語at 200,000。判斷此處應(yīng)填入一個動詞的分詞形式。
語義判斷:剩余的選項(xiàng)中,符合語法條件的有estimated和restrained兩個,此處是要表達(dá)“修理費(fèi)估計(jì)需要20萬英鎊”,可知只有E是正確答案。
2017年英語四級閱讀理解模擬題二
The typical pre-industrial family not only had a good many children, but numerous other dependents as well---grandparents, uncles, aunts and cousins. Such "extended" families were suited for survival in slow paced 1 societies. But such families are hard to 2 . They are immobile.
Industrialism demanded masses of workers ready and able to move off the land in pursuit of jobs, and to move again whenever necessary. Thus the extended family 3 shed its excess weight and the so-called "nuclear" family emerged---a stripped-down, portable family unit 4 only of parents and a small set of children. This new style family, far more 5 than the traditional extended family, became the standard model in all the industrial counties.
Super-industrialism, however, the next stage of eco-technological development, 6 even higher mobility. Thus we may expect many among the people of the future to carry the streamlining process, a stepfather by remaining children, cutting the family down to its more 7 components, a man and a woman. Two people, perhaps with matched careers, will prove more efficient at navigating through education and social status, through job changes and geographic relocations, than the ordinarily child-cluttered family.
A 8 may be the postponement of children, rather than childlessness. Men and women today are often torn in 9 between a commitment to career and a commitment to children. In the future, many 10 will sidestep this problem by deferring the entire task of raising children until after retirement.
A)transplant
B)solution
C)gradually
D)transport
E)elemental
F)conflict
G)continually
H)mobile
I)couples
J)agricultural
K)including
L)compromise
M)requires
N)primary
O)consisting
2017年英語四級閱讀理解模擬題答案解析
1. J) 此處應(yīng)填形容詞,修飾名詞societies。文章第一句就說The typical pre-industrial family...“工業(yè)化之前的典型家庭模式......”, 即“extended" family存在于工業(yè)化之前的社會,即agricultural society。故J)正確。
2. A) 由be hard to do sth.可知,此處應(yīng)填動詞原形。They are immobile“這樣的家庭很難流動”,這說明這樣的家庭are hard to...,選項(xiàng)中由transplant和transport兩個動詞原形,前者指的是“遷居,遷移”,后者指的是運(yùn)輸,不難推斷前者符合原文意思,故 transplant正確。
3. C) 因?yàn)檫@句話的句子結(jié)構(gòu)完整,固此處應(yīng)填副詞。選項(xiàng)中的副詞有g(shù)radually和continually,原文中...and the so-called "nuclear" family emerged.所謂的“核心家庭”便出現(xiàn)了,emerge的意思是“浮現(xiàn)" ,強(qiáng)調(diào)經(jīng)過一個過程后出現(xiàn)
的。由此可以判斷,核心家庭從無到有逐漸出現(xiàn),而不是連續(xù)不斷地出現(xiàn),故選擇gradually 4. O) 該句可拆分理解,即a family unit... of parents and a smell set of children "一個家庭單元......父母和不多的孩子“,由此可以推出這里要填的詞是表示”包含,由......組成“的。選項(xiàng)中的including和 consisting均可以表示此意,但由原文中的of可排除including, consist of為固定詞組,故O)為正確答案。
5. H) 從原文中的more...than可知,此處應(yīng)填形容詞,構(gòu)成形容詞的比較級結(jié)構(gòu)。由第一段最后一句可知the traditional extended family是immobile,那么新型的家庭模式比舊的因該是更有流動性,故應(yīng)選mobile,說明新型的家庭模式的優(yōu)點(diǎn)。
6. M) 此處應(yīng)填動詞,作這句話的謂語。Super-industrialism“(更發(fā)達(dá)的)超級工業(yè)化”......更具流動性的家庭。可推知空格處應(yīng)填表示 “需要,需求”的詞。requires表示出自一種迫切的需要而提出的要求,很明顯選擇requires。
7. E) 此處應(yīng)填形容詞,用來修飾名詞components。文中說明家庭被減縮到最......的成員,即由男人和女人組成,男人和女人是一個家庭最基本的成員。選項(xiàng)中的elemental“基本的,本質(zhì)的”,而N)primary“主要的,最早的”,原文強(qiáng)調(diào)的是男人和女人是一個家庭最basic的組成部分,故E)更符合原文意思。
8.l) 此處應(yīng)填名詞。上段說兩人家庭的優(yōu)點(diǎn),本句中提到rather than childlessness“而不是不要孩子”,說明晚要孩子是解決工作和孩子的折中的辦法,故選項(xiàng)中的compromise“妥協(xié),折中”符合文意。而 solution雖然也表示解決辦法,但不能表達(dá)夫婦們無可奈何的心情,故排除。
9.F) 上題中已提到工作和要孩子之間存在矛盾即conflict,根據(jù)上下文意思,這個題相對容易。
10.I) 這段一直在說一個家庭里男人和女人因?yàn)楣ぷ骱鸵⒆拥氖虑榘l(fā)生爭吵,那么將來要解決這個問題的仍然是家庭中的夫妻兩人,故這里應(yīng)填couples。