一、不定式做主語：

1、不定式做主語一般表示具體的某次動(dòng)作。===動(dòng)名詞doing 表示習(xí)慣的，經(jīng)常的動(dòng)作。

e.g: To finish the building in a month is difficult.

To do such things is foolish.

To see is to believe. (對等)

注: 1). 不定式作主語時(shí),謂語用單數(shù)

2). 當(dāng)主語較長，謂語較短時(shí)，常用it做形式主語，而將不定式放到謂語的后面。

it做形式主語，不定式放在謂語動(dòng)詞之后常用于下列結(jié)構(gòu)中：

(1)It is/was +adj.+of sb. to do…

(2) It is +adj.+for sb.+to do…

It is easy / difficult / hard / foolish / unwise / right / wrong / unnecessary

(3) it is +a +名詞+ to do...

It is a pity / a pleasure / a pleasant thing / one’s duty / an honor / a shame / a crime / no easy job… to do

It takes (sb.) some time / courage / patience …to do…

It requires courage / patience / hard work… to do…

注意: probable 和 possible 均可作表語，但possible可以用不定式作真實(shí)主語， 而probable不能用不定式作真實(shí)主語。

It is probable for him to come to the meeting.(錯(cuò))

It is possible for him to come to the meeting.

It is possible / probable that he will come to the meeting.

英語高考語法知識點(diǎn)

英語中過去分詞可作賓補(bǔ)，(此時(shí)的過去分詞一般是及物動(dòng)詞)表被動(dòng)意義或完成意義，有時(shí)兩者兼而有之。做賓補(bǔ)的過去分詞與賓語有邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，即賓語是過去分詞動(dòng)作的對象。如：

She found the door broken in when she came back.(賓補(bǔ)與賓語有被動(dòng)的關(guān)系，表一種狀態(tài)。)

一. 過去分詞用在表狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞keep,leave等的后面。

Eg:They kept the door locked for a long time.

Keep your mouth shut and your eyes open.(諺語：少說多看)

Don't leave such an important thing undone.

Don't leave the windows broken like this all the time.

二.過分詞用在get,have,make, 的后面。

1.注意“have +賓語+過去分詞”的兩種情況：

A)表"讓某人做某事/讓某事(被人)做"

eg: I have had my bike repaired.

The villagers had many trees planted just then.

B)表"遭遇到某種不幸，受到打擊/受....影響，蒙受..... 損失"

Eg:I had my wallet stolen on a bus last month.

The old man had his leg broken in the accident.

He had his leg broken in the match yesterday.(MET1986)

2."make+賓語+過去分詞",在這種結(jié)構(gòu)中，過去分詞的動(dòng)詞必須是表示結(jié)果含義的。如：

They managed to make themselves understood in very simple English.

I raised my voice to make myself heard.

三、過去分詞用在感觀動(dòng)詞watch,notice,see,hear,listen to ,feel,find等后面。如

When we got to school,we saw the door locked.

We can hear the windows beaten by the heavy rain drops.

He felt himself cheated.

The managers discussed the plan that they would like to see carried out the next year.(NMET2000)

四、過去分詞用在want,wish,like ,expect等表示“希望，愿望”這一類動(dòng)詞后面做賓補(bǔ)。如

The boss wouldn't like the problem discussed at the moment.

I would like my house painted white.

I want the suit made to his own measure.

I wish the problem settled.

五、過去分詞用在“with +賓語+賓補(bǔ)”這一結(jié)構(gòu)中，過去分詞與賓語之間是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系。如：

The thief was brought in with his hands tied behind his back.

With many brightly-coloured flowers planted around the building ,his house looks like a beautiful garden.

With everything well arranged,he left the office.

六、過去分詞、現(xiàn)在分詞、和不定式作賓補(bǔ)的區(qū)別。

現(xiàn)在分詞作賓補(bǔ)：賓語和補(bǔ)語之間是主謂關(guān)系。其動(dòng)作與謂語動(dòng)作同時(shí)進(jìn)行。

過去分詞作賓補(bǔ)：賓語和補(bǔ)語之間是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系。其動(dòng)作先于謂語動(dòng)作。

不定式作賓補(bǔ)：　表一個(gè)完成的動(dòng)作、或表一個(gè)很短時(shí)間內(nèi)看到、聽到或感覺到的具體動(dòng)作。

eg:He didn't notice me waiting.

I heard the song sung in English.

I saw him opening the window.

I saw the window opened.

I saw him open the window.

I heard her sing the song in English.

英語高考必背知識點(diǎn)

不定代詞的用法

不定代詞大都可代替名詞和形容詞，在句中可用作主語、賓語、表語和定語。如：

1.用作主語

Both of them are waiters.他們倆人都是男侍者。

Is everybody here?人都到了嗎?

2.用作賓語

I know little about the novel關(guān)于這本小說我知道的很少。

I am speaking for myself，not for others.我只代表自己，不代表別人發(fā)言。

I was interested in everything that the old man told me.我對于這位老人告訴我的一切都感興趣。

3.用作表語

That's all for today. class is dismissed.今天就講這一些。現(xiàn)在下課。

This book is too much for me.這本書對我說太難了。

4.用作定語

Study well and make progress every day.好好學(xué)習(xí)，天天向上。

He has some English books.他有一些英文書。

china will become a powerful modern country in another twenty years.再過二十年中國將成為現(xiàn)代化強(qiáng)國。

[注]有些不定代詞也可用作同位語和狀語。如：

Wang and Li both made good progress.王和李兩人都有很大進(jìn)步。

They all went to the Zoo.他們都去動(dòng)物園了。

Are you any good at mathematics?你數(shù)學(xué)好嗎?

The meeting lasted some two hours.會(huì)議進(jìn)行了兩個(gè)小時(shí)左右。

英語高考復(fù)習(xí)知識點(diǎn)

關(guān)系代詞

兩種可用來引導(dǎo)從句并將從句和主句連接起來的代詞

這樣的代詞一方面在從句中用作句子成分，可作主語、賓語、定語等;另一方面又起連詞的作用。這樣的代詞有關(guān)系代詞和疑問代詞兩種。

關(guān)系代詞概說

關(guān)系代詞有who，whose，whom，that，which等，用來引導(dǎo)定語從句。它們在定語從句中可用作主語、賓語、定語或表語;另一方面它們又代表主句中為定語從句所修飾的那個(gè)名詞或代詞(這樣的名詞和代詞叫做先行詞)。如：

The man who is talking with Mr. Brown is an eye Specialist和布朗先生談話的那個(gè)人是個(gè)眼科大夫。(關(guān)系代詞who在從句中用作土語，它的先行詞是man)

He is the comrade whom you have been looking for他就是你要找的那位同志。(關(guān)系代詞whom在從句中作賓語，它的先行詞是comrade，whom在口語中一般可省去)

The old man whose son is in the navy used to be carpenter.兒子在海軍的那位老人過去是個(gè)木匠。

(關(guān)系代詞whose在從句中用作定語，先行詞為man)

The film which I saw last night is about a young teacher.我昨晚看的那部電影說的是一個(gè)年輕教師的事。(關(guān)系代詞which在從句中用作賓語，先行詞為film, which在口語中可省略)

This is the plane that will fly to Tokyo in the afternoon.這是下午要飛往東京的飛機(jī)。(關(guān)系代詞that在從句中用作主語，先行詞為plane)

英語高考知識點(diǎn)總結(jié)

疑問代詞概說

"疑問代詞有who(誰，主格)，whom(誰，賓格)，whose(誰的，所有格)，what(什么)和which(哪個(gè)，哪些)等。

疑問代詞用于特殊疑問句中

疑問代詞一般都放在句首，并在句中作為某一句子成分。如：

Who is going to speak to us tomorrow?明天誰來跟我們講話?(who作主語)

Who told you so?是誰告訴你的?(who作主語)

Whom are you talking about ?你們在說誰?(whom作賓語，但在句首時(shí)口語常用who代替whom)

Whose umbrella is this ?這是誰的傘?(whose作定語)

What is that? 那是什么?(what作表語)

What did he say?他說什么?(what作賓語)

Which is yours，the blue pen or the redone?藍(lán)筆和紅筆哪一支是你的?(which作主語)

[注一]關(guān)于疑問代詞的各種用法，可參看77.70-77.72。

[注二]疑問代詞who，what，which等后面加單詞ever，可強(qiáng)調(diào)語氣，表達(dá)說話人的各種感情。如：

What ever do you want?你到底想要什么?

Who ever is she looking for ?她究竟是在找誰?

[注三]which表示在一定范圍之內(nèi)的選擇，what則沒有這種限制。如：

What do you usually have for lunch?你們午飯通常吃些什么?

Which do you like best?你最喜歡哪一個(gè)?

Which of you comrades come from the Northeast? 你們同志們中間誰是東北人?

疑問代詞可以引導(dǎo)一個(gè)間接疑問句

間接疑問句在句中可用作主語、賓語、表語等。疑問代詞本身在間接疑問句中又擔(dān)任一定的句子成分。如：

Who will be in charge of the work is still not decided.誰將負(fù)責(zé)這項(xiàng)工作，現(xiàn)在還沒有決定。(疑問代詞who引導(dǎo)一個(gè)主語從句，它本身又在從句中用作主語。)

Do you know what his name is?你知道他叫什么名字嗎?(疑問代詞what引導(dǎo)一個(gè)賓語從句，而它本身又在從句中用作表語。)

[注一] what所引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句(即主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句) 有時(shí)不是間接疑問句。如：

What he says is quite true.他所講的話很對。(what相當(dāng)于that which。它引導(dǎo)一個(gè)主語從句，這個(gè)從句不是間接疑問句。)

Children do what the nurse tells them to do.保育員讓孩子干什么他們就做什么。(what引導(dǎo)一個(gè)賓語從句，這個(gè)從句也不是間接疑問句。)

[注二] whatever，whoever，whichever等詞可引導(dǎo)名詞性從句。這些名詞性從句也不是間接疑問句。whatever，whoever，whichever也可引導(dǎo)表示讓步的狀語從句。見15.65和15.72)如：

They eat whatever they can find.他們找到什么就吃什么。(whatever引導(dǎo)一個(gè)賓語從句，并在從句中作賓語。)

I've got plenty of books 1eft.Whoever wants an extra copy can get one from me.我還剩下許多書，誰還想再要一本可來拿。(whoever引導(dǎo)一個(gè)主語從句，并在從句中作主語。)