高考英語語法：情態動詞詳解
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英語備考
1、情態動詞 + have done sth
這個結構有著特殊意義：用來表示猜測（設想可能發生過什么事情）或
想象（設想可能出現過什么不同的情況）
?、賡hould (ought to) have done sth 本來該做而未做
This wall oughtn’t to have been painted blue.
?、趎eed have done sth 本來有必要做而未做
You needn’t have told her the news.
③must have done sth 對過去所做動作的肯定推測
---We went to Paris.
---That must have been nice.
?、躢an have done sth 對過去所做動作的否定或疑問推測
I don’t think he can have heard you. Call again.
Where can John have put the matches?
?、輒ay (might) have done sth 過去可能發生某事，與could相比，may和 might可能性較小，might 可能性更?。籱ight 也可表示過去可能發生而未發生的事情。
Polly’s very late----she may (might) have missed her etrain.
You were stupid to try climbing there. You might have killed youself
?、辌ould have done sth
●推測過去”可能“發生某事 （同can, 但can不用肯定句）
She could have gone off with some friends.
●表示過去沒有實現的可能性：某事可能發生，但卻沒有發生
You were stupid to go skiing there----you could have broken your leg.
●表示有能力做而未做（虛擬語氣）
You could have helped me !
(You were able to help me, but you didn’t.)
2、can could be able to 表示”能力“
●can 通常表示現在的或”一般的能力“---即你無論什么時候想做就能
做到的能力, 指單純的表示一個人有某種能力。
You can certainly cook, even if you can’t do anything else.
●be able to表示某人通過努力、克服困難做成某事。
will be able to 表示將來的能力
I’ll be able to speak German in another few months.
●could 表達 ”一般的能力“---即你過去想干什么就可以干什么
She could sing like an angel when she was a kid.
但could 不能表達過去某種具體的能力，此時用was able to, managed to 或 succeeded in 等
How many eggs were you able to get ?
3、can, could, may和might 表示”可能性“
●可用來表示：①理論上的可能性（不涉及是否真發生）；②提出建議
?。ㄌ岢鼋鉀Q某個問題的可能辦法或者采取的行動）；③在問句或否定句中表達現在的可能性）
Anybody who wants to can become a prison visitor.
①---What shall we do ?
---We can try asking Lucy for help.?、?br/> Who can that be at the door ? Can it be Polly? ③
●may 可用來表達：①將來的可能性；②說話時某事可能是真實的
We may go climbing this summer. ?、?br/> You may be right. ?、?br/> ●could / might 可用來表示：?、僬f話時某事可能是真實的；②將來
某事有可能發生，但不表示特別可能發生。
You could be right, but I don’t think you are. ①
It could rain later on this evening. ?、?br/> 4、can, could, may 和might表示“允許”
?、僬埱笤试S：它們都可以表示請求允許做某事,could 和 might并不是表示過去
Can (May, Could) I borrow your umbrella ?
?、谠试S：當我們允許某人做某事時，我們用can和may來表達，而不能使用could和might
You may / can watch TV for as long as you like. (不用could, might; mustn’t 有“拒絕”的意思）
---Could I use your phone?
---Yes, of course you can /may. (No, you can’t / may not.)
這個結構有著特殊意義：用來表示猜測（設想可能發生過什么事情）或
想象（設想可能出現過什么不同的情況）
?、賡hould (ought to) have done sth 本來該做而未做
This wall oughtn’t to have been painted blue.
?、趎eed have done sth 本來有必要做而未做
You needn’t have told her the news.
③must have done sth 對過去所做動作的肯定推測
---We went to Paris.
---That must have been nice.
?、躢an have done sth 對過去所做動作的否定或疑問推測
I don’t think he can have heard you. Call again.
Where can John have put the matches?
?、輒ay (might) have done sth 過去可能發生某事，與could相比，may和 might可能性較小，might 可能性更?。籱ight 也可表示過去可能發生而未發生的事情。
Polly’s very late----she may (might) have missed her etrain.
You were stupid to try climbing there. You might have killed youself
?、辌ould have done sth
●推測過去”可能“發生某事 （同can, 但can不用肯定句）
She could have gone off with some friends.
●表示過去沒有實現的可能性：某事可能發生，但卻沒有發生
You were stupid to go skiing there----you could have broken your leg.
●表示有能力做而未做（虛擬語氣）
You could have helped me !
(You were able to help me, but you didn’t.)
2、can could be able to 表示”能力“
●can 通常表示現在的或”一般的能力“---即你無論什么時候想做就能
做到的能力, 指單純的表示一個人有某種能力。
You can certainly cook, even if you can’t do anything else.
●be able to表示某人通過努力、克服困難做成某事。
will be able to 表示將來的能力
I’ll be able to speak German in another few months.
●could 表達 ”一般的能力“---即你過去想干什么就可以干什么
She could sing like an angel when she was a kid.
但could 不能表達過去某種具體的能力，此時用was able to, managed to 或 succeeded in 等
How many eggs were you able to get ?
3、can, could, may和might 表示”可能性“
●可用來表示：①理論上的可能性（不涉及是否真發生）；②提出建議
?。ㄌ岢鼋鉀Q某個問題的可能辦法或者采取的行動）；③在問句或否定句中表達現在的可能性）
Anybody who wants to can become a prison visitor.
①---What shall we do ?
---We can try asking Lucy for help.?、?br/> Who can that be at the door ? Can it be Polly? ③
●may 可用來表達：①將來的可能性；②說話時某事可能是真實的
We may go climbing this summer. ?、?br/> You may be right. ?、?br/> ●could / might 可用來表示：?、僬f話時某事可能是真實的；②將來
某事有可能發生，但不表示特別可能發生。
You could be right, but I don’t think you are. ①
It could rain later on this evening. ?、?br/> 4、can, could, may 和might表示“允許”
?、僬埱笤试S：它們都可以表示請求允許做某事,could 和 might并不是表示過去
Can (May, Could) I borrow your umbrella ?
?、谠试S：當我們允許某人做某事時，我們用can和may來表達，而不能使用could和might
You may / can watch TV for as long as you like. (不用could, might; mustn’t 有“拒絕”的意思）
---Could I use your phone?
---Yes, of course you can /may. (No, you can’t / may not.)