高考英語語法重點歸納
一.非謂語動詞
一)不定式的常考形式:
1) 一般形式:He decided to work harder in order to catch up with the others.
被動形式: He preferred to be assigned some heavier work to do.
語法功能: 表示與謂語動詞同步發生
2) 完成形式:He pretended not to have seen me.
被動形式:The book is said to have been translated into many languages.
語法功能:表示發生在謂語動詞之前
二)不定式常考的考點:
1)不定式做定語----將要發生
2)不定式做狀語----目的
3)不定式充當名詞功能---To see is to believe.
三)不定式的省略
1)感官動詞 see, watch, observe, notice, look at, hear, listen to, smell, taste, feel
+ do 表示動作的完整性,真實性;
+ doing 表示動作的連續性,進行性
I saw him work in the garden yesterday.
昨天我看見他在花園里干活了。(強調"我看見了"這個事實)
I saw him working in the garden yesterday.
昨天我見他正在花園里干活。(強調"我見他正干活"這個動作)
" 感官動詞后面接形容詞而不是副詞:The cake tastes good; It feels comfortable.
2) 使役動詞 have bid make let 等詞后不定式要省略但同1)一樣被動以后要還原to
I 'd like to have John do it.
I have my package weighed.
Paul doesn't have to be made to learn.
3) help help sb do help sb to do help do help to do
四)有些動詞后只跟不定式如:
want,wish,hope,manage,promise,refuse,pretend,plan, offer,decide,agree,expect allow sb to do, cause sb to do , permit sb to do, enable sb to do
force sb to do. be more likely to do love to do warn sb to do be able to do
be ambitious to do. begin to do . start to do
We agreed _______ here,but so far she hasn't turned up yet.(NMET
1995)
A.having met B.meeting C.to meet D.to have met (Key:C)
五) 有的時候to后面要接-ing形式
accustom (oneself) to; be accustomed to; face up to; in addition to; look forward to; object to; be reduced to; resign oneself to; be resigned to; resort to; sink to; be used to; be alternative to; be close/closeness to; be dedication/dedicated to; be opposition/opposed to; be similarity/similar to.
二. 動名詞: 具有動作性特征的名詞
1)是名詞 seeing is believing
2)具有動詞性特征可以帶賓語 starving troops is necessary.
一)動名詞的形式:
一般形式:I don't like you smoking.
完成形式:I regret not having taken your advice.
被動形式:This question is far from being settled.
二) 動名詞常考的點
1)動名詞做主語謂語動詞為單數
2)在動名詞和不定式中,做為介詞的賓語是動名詞
3)動名詞的否定直接在其前加否定詞,通過代詞的賓格或所有格形式給出邏輯主語.
I would appreciate_______ back this afternoon.(MET 1992)
A.you to call B.you call C.you calling D.you're calling(Key:C your calling 也對)
I regret not having taken your advice.
4)有些詞后只能接動名詞
admit; appreciate; avoid; celebrate; consider; contemplate; defer; delay; deny; detest; discontinue; dislike; dispute; enjoy; it entails; escape; excuse; explain; fancy; feel like; finish; forgive; can't help; hinder; imagine; it involves; keep; it means; mention; mind; miss; it necessitates; pardon; postpone; practice; prevent; recall; report; resent; resist; risk; suggest; understand...
另外還有一些接-ing形式的常用說法:
it's no good; it's no/little/hardly any/ use; it's not/hardly/scarcely use; it's worthwhile; spend money/time; there's no; there's no point in; there's nothing worse than; what's the use/point...
三、一致關系
一)主謂一致
1. 主謂一致(與插入語無關)
1主謂的分隔原則:主謂之間可以用定語從句或者省略的定語從句分隔。
2定語從句中的主謂一致:
3隨前一致:
n. + together with n2
as well as
including
along with
with / of
accompanied with / by
4就近原則:n1 or n2 +v(就近原則)
either n1 or n2
5可數n1 and 可數n2+v(pl)
不可數n1 and 不可數n2+v(pl)
例外:war and peace is… war and peace是一個整體
但是如果主語表示的是同一個概念,同一人,同一事的時候,謂語動詞用單數,這種結構的特征是and連接的兩個詞只有一個冠詞。
The iron and steel industry is very important to our country.
The head master and mathematical teacher is coming.
The head master and the mathematical teacher are coming.
類似的還有:law and order bread and
butter black and white
To love and to be loved is …
A lawyer and a teacher are…
A lawyer and teacher is …
6隨后原則:not A but B / not only A but also B+v.(與B一致)
7百分比結構:most , half , rest , some , majority , one+persent
of+n1+v.(由n1決定
8倒裝結構的主謂一致:
a)There be +n 由名詞決定動詞
b)Among , between等介詞位于句首引起倒裝結構:
Among / Between …+系動詞+n. (由名詞決定動詞)
9The+adj的主謂一致:
a)當表示"一類人",
b)當表示某一抽象概念時
The good is always attractive.
10 To do/doing/主從+vs
__More than one+n
many a +n.
a day or two
高中英語實用常考短語
首先,尤其重要的,最重要的 above all
偶然,無意中 by accident
對(于)…很積極 be active in
合計為 add up to
承讓錯誤 admit one’s mistake
接受某人的建議 take / follow one’s advice
就…提出建議 give advice on
建議某人做某事 advice sb. to do sth.
后天 the day after tomorrow
畢竟;終究 after all
違心 against one’s will
在…歲時 at the age of
實現目標 achieve one’s aim
在空中;懸而未決 in the air
在戶外,在露天里 in the open air
在機場 at the airport
火警 the fire alarm
滿腔怒火 be filled with anger
因某人之言行而生氣 be angry at sth.
生某人的氣 be angry with sb.
通知 make an announcement
相繼地,按順序地 one after another
相互,彼此(三者或三者以上之間)one another
相互(指兩者之間) each other
沒有回答 give no answer
英語考試必備重點單詞短語
形成…局面;產生 come into being
安全帶 a safety belt
三思而后行。 Second thoughts are best.
盡力,盡最大的努力 do / try one’s best
盡量利用,善用 make the best of
一切順利,萬事如意 all the best
黑體地,粗體地 in bold
出身于農民家庭 be born in a peasant’s family
鞠躬 make a bow
動動腦子 use one’s brains
打破紀錄 break the record
深吸一口氣 take a deep breath
屏息;憋住氣 hold one’s breath
上氣不接下氣 out of breath
刷牙 brush one’s teeth
突然哭起來 burst into tears
突然一陣大笑 a burst of laughter
要不是 but for
呼救聲 a call for help
保持鎮靜(別慌) keep calm
保持安靜(別吵) keep quiet
保持不動(別動) keep still
保持沉默(別說話) keep silent
夏令營 a summer camp
去野營 go camping
情不自禁… cannot help doing
打牌 play cards
照顧,保管 take care of
醫療護理 medical care
anything but 一點也不
anything like 像……那樣的東西
anywhere near 接近于
apart form 除……之外尚有
apply to 向……申請,適用于
appreciation of 對……的欣賞
argue against 反對
as a result of 作為……的結果,由于
高考英語提分方法
單詞背誦不能停
單詞的記憶是貫穿整個英語復習階段的,我們在平時積累的做題技巧也是基于一定的詞匯量才能順利運用的。現階段單詞背誦側重于高考高頻詞匯,不求一天兩天速刷一遍,反而建議每天都背一部分,最后一個月還可以穩扎穩打過幾輪,而且每次背誦也不會壓力山大。
閱讀先題后文,學會審題定位
閱讀不要總是糾結先題后文還是先文后題。拿全國卷來說,應用文題目簡單難度低,只有3問,屬于基礎分,大部分同學都是先文后題;記敘文和說明文/議論文難度較大,一篇文章4個問題,基礎好的同學當然可以讀完全文再做題,基礎不扎實的同學,先題后文,審題-定位,對照著做下來。
作文模板借助英譯中記憶
長篇的作文模板不僅背誦難,背著背著還易混淆,這里有個小建議是先將模板翻譯成中文,熟悉中文的邏輯和內容之后,聯想著去背寫英文就方便多了,如果遇到個別生疏的單詞,單獨記憶就可以了。
英語答題技巧
語法填空解題技巧:語法填空不要考察對語法應用的理解,比如考察介詞的搭配,名詞考察單復數的應用等。在做這樣的題目的時候,你可以記住以下幾點,應該對你的做題拿分有幫助。名詞看單復數,動詞看時態是否變化,介詞看搭配,形容詞副詞看級的變化,數詞看基序變形等等。
完形填空解題技巧:高中的完形填空,主要考察英語詞組,句型搭配的應用,所以在做這樣你可以把完型填空的題型拆分成一個個單項選擇,并且使用對語法填空的那些原則,例如:名詞看單復數,動詞看時態是否變化,介詞看搭配,形容詞副詞看級的變化,數詞看基序變形等等。這樣的話,你的完型填空拿高分也不是不可能。但是在做題結束以后,一定要通讀完整的完型文章來檢查選填是否正確。
閱讀理解的解題技巧:閱讀理解最好的做題方式就是先看題目,選項,然后在看文章,在朗讀文章的時候,如果想快速鏈接文章大意,只讀文章的第一句和最后一句,讀完以后即可了解大意。切記不要帶自我的主觀意見在里面,因為這樣的主觀意見會讓你的選擇出現錯誤,一定要以課文的資料內容為主。
七選五題型解題技巧: 在這樣的題型里,很多人都很頭疼,認為這樣的題型,很難穿插正確,其實在七選五里面,每個空的前后兩句都是線索,如果你還是不好找到填寫線索,你可以看每段的第一句和最后一句,了解大意,然后就好填寫了。有的時候,本段選填內容在下一段的開頭甚至會給出不錯的指示和暗示。