英語四級段落信息匹配題最詳盡解法說明
時間:
未知2
閱讀理解
從樣卷看,此次涉及改革題目的特點是:
1、做題時間10~15分鐘(整體閱讀包括選詞填空、匹配和精度,共計40分鐘);
2、四級樣卷顯示需要將10道題目信息配對到9個段落中;
3、六級樣卷顯示需要將10道題目信息配對到15個段落中;
4、考試說明提到,某段可能被用到兩次,而某段可能完全不被涉及。
5、這類題型的出題形式為:題干給出原文的若干條細(xì)節(jié)信息,要求考生找出文
中分別有這些信息的段落(即題目當(dāng)中會問道:which paragraph contains the following information?)。
實際考試中,在時間和耐力的雙重壓迫下,無奈的考生們頗有“可能就在此段中,只因文深不知處”的感慨!
難點分析:
1、順序原則被打破
段落細(xì)節(jié)信息配對題之所以讓無數(shù)考生聞之色變,主要在于這種題目打破了解答雅思閱讀題目傳統(tǒng)的閱讀技巧和解題思路。首先,作為匹配題代表,這種題型明顯不會遵守其他主流題型的“順序原則”,考生從文章開頭到結(jié)尾定位的方法顯然行不通;
2、題目均為長句形式
其次,題目當(dāng)中的表述通常是極其復(fù)雜和繁瑣的名詞短語或者長難句型,在試圖尋找合適的定位詞之前,考生往往就業(yè)已被題干錯中復(fù)雜的表述搞得云里霧里了;
例如四級樣卷第51題:
The number of foreign students applying to U.S. universities decreased sharply after September 11 due to changes in the visa process.
3、定位詞模糊
即使考生能夠排除萬難,讀懂題目陳述中晦澀難懂的意思,尋找定位詞仍然存在很大的障礙,因為這類題目往往不會出現(xiàn)非常明顯的可以實踐拿來主義的明顯定位詞(數(shù)字、時間、地點、人物、特殊字體和特殊符號等等),即使僥幸被我們碰到一個,這個定位詞也通常和文章主題聯(lián)系密切,且出現(xiàn)多次,所以并沒有太大實用意義,例如上題中的U.S.;
4、兩題對一段的可能性增加干擾性
最后,一般選擇題至少是一對一進(jìn)行對應(yīng)的,如果能夠成功選出一對,那么就至少可以排除一個選項。但是在段落細(xì)節(jié)信息對應(yīng)題當(dāng)中,四六級樣卷明確提醒:
You may choose a paragraph more than once.
一段可能被用兩次。這樣最有效的排除法在這里也就再無用武之地了。
所以,從上面四個特點不難看出,如果想從根本上解決這種題型,考試方的思路是希望考生能夠從頭到尾讀完一遍文章,從宏觀和微觀兩個方面全面掌握文章的結(jié)構(gòu)和細(xì)節(jié)信息之后再進(jìn)行解題的,但是這種思路對于閱讀水平和單詞量都有限的四六級考生來說有些難
針對四級樣題,我們對四級考生提出以下做題建議:
段落信息匹配題的做題攻略
一、先看題再看文章
1、段落細(xì)節(jié)信息配對題的陳述雖然都是文章細(xì)節(jié)信息,但是表述基本都是圍繞文章標(biāo)題或者每一段落的主題進(jìn)行描述的,通過快速閱讀題干部分表述,可以迅速了解文章主旨大意。
如四級樣卷中Q46~Q48
46
American universities prepare their undergraduates for global careers by giving them chances for international study or internship.
47
Since the mid-1970s, the enrollment of overseas students has increased at an annual rate of 3.9 percent.
48
The enrollment of international students will have a positive impact on America rather than threaten its competitiveness.
熟悉四級場景詞匯的同學(xué)一定認(rèn)識:university, enrollment, students 名詞形式,文章關(guān)于美國大學(xué)教育或?qū)W生的主題就此迅速清楚;
在考生看過文章標(biāo)題Universities Branch Out之后,通過快速預(yù)覽這道段落細(xì)節(jié)信息配對題的題干部分,考生可以馬上了解到文章所圍繞的主題是美國大學(xué)的擴(kuò)張,即使題干中的每一個表述并不是文章的Topic sentence(主旨句),但是卻都與文章的主題息息相關(guān)的。所以通過快速瀏覽這種題目的題干不失為在短時間內(nèi)掌握文章主旨大意的一種方法。
2、用特殊標(biāo)記詞匯盡快定位簡單題目:
特殊詞匯包括:
精確數(shù)據(jù)、非文章高頻詞的大寫或?qū)S忻~、斜體或援引內(nèi)容等
如47題
Since the mid-1970s, the enrollment of overseas students has increased at an annual rate of 3.9 percent.
3.9 percent.就是一個精確數(shù)據(jù),直接定位至C段,即告選擇成功。
C段
Over the past three decades the number of students leaving home each year to study abroad has grown at an annual rate of 3.9 percent, from 800,000 in 1975 to 2.5 million in 2004.
又如51題
The number of foreign students applying to U.S. universities decreased sharply after September 11 due to changes in the visa process.
September 11 是一個非高頻專有大寫,直接定位至H段即告定位成功。
H段
Adjusted for inflation, public funding for international exchanges and foreign-language study is well below the levels of 40 years ago. In the wake of September 11…
解決完前兩步后,相對困難的時間開始了,我們建議考生用順序梳理原文的方式,逐一進(jìn)行答案的確認(rèn)。
二、一段一段速讀文章,一道一道梳理題目
1、速讀每一段,關(guān)注段首段尾句和段內(nèi)重點單詞區(qū)域(例如邏輯關(guān)系等)
段首或段尾句可以迅速告知本段主要內(nèi)容,而常見閱讀重點詞匯及短語區(qū)域則是段內(nèi)重點信息的表達(dá)。
因果轉(zhuǎn)折類:but however unfortunately since because the reason…
讓步關(guān)系:althoughthough
遞進(jìn)關(guān)系: not only but alsomot merely but
比較關(guān)系類:moreevenmore thanmost
選擇關(guān)系:either oror
事實羅列:for examplein fact
序數(shù)詞:first second at last
如四級樣卷A段:
重點區(qū)域:段尾句的轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系
But at the same time, the opening of national borders to the flow of goods, services, information and especially people has made universities a powerful force for global integration, mutual understanding and geopolitical stability.
而定位至本句后,根據(jù)長難句中關(guān)注謂語賓語結(jié)構(gòu)或表語結(jié)構(gòu),重點位置再次被定位至:has made universities a powerful force,以此句去匹配剩余題目即可。
瀏覽至54題,發(fā)現(xiàn):
Present-day universities have become a powerful force for global integration.
則答題成功。
同理,F(xiàn)段重點句包含BUT
The link between university-based science and industrial application is often indirect but sometimes highly visible:
瀏覽至53題,發(fā)現(xiàn)
Around the world, governments encourage the model of linking university-based science and industrial application.
則答題成功。
2、用同意替換解決速讀無法解決的段落及題目。
同意替換是閱讀類題目終極解決方案,它包括單詞或短語甚至句子用另一種含義表達(dá)的所有形式。相對而言,四級部分更多強(qiáng)調(diào)詞語的同意替換,例如上題中,段落中的link變成題目中的linking。
當(dāng)然,也有一定難度的題目來影響考生的分?jǐn)?shù)。
如四級樣卷E段:
Globalization is also reshaping the way research is done. One new trend involves sourcing portions of a research program to another country. Yale professor and Howard Hughes Medical Institute investigator Tian Xu directs a research center focused on the genetics of human disease at Shanghai’s Fudan University, in collaboration with faculty colleagues from both schools. The Shanghai center has 95 employees and graduate students working in a 4,300-square-meter laboratory facility. Yale faculty, postdoctors and graduate students visit regularly and attend videoconference seminars with scientists from both campuses. The arrangement benefits both countries; Xu’s Yale lab is more productive, thanks to the lower costs of conducting research in China, and Chinese graduate students, postdoctors and faculty get on-the-job training from a world-class scientist and his U.S. team.
本段可以定位的位置有:
首句尾句;4,300,95(精確數(shù)字);Fudan University(非高頻大寫專有)等。
仔細(xì)瀏覽完畢題目,發(fā)現(xiàn)沒有任何明顯信息可以進(jìn)行匹配。
只有49題:
The way research is carried out in universities has changed as a result of globalization.
包含一個globalization.
仔細(xì)分析,發(fā)現(xiàn)這句話對應(yīng)的就是E段段首。其同意替換對應(yīng)關(guān)系為:
Reshape-has changed; research is done-research is carried out.
同意替換因為有一定難度,于是成為匹配題最佳解決方案,這是一個需要積累和鍛煉的能力,我們建議:
第一、平時背詞匯時,多多注意目標(biāo)詞匯的同意詞和近義詞,以及短語。特別關(guān)注其英文解釋,這會逐漸給大家省很多力氣;
第二、每次做完題目后,都積累閱讀和聽力科目中全部同意替換的方式,今后考試中被重復(fù)考到幾率是很高的。
總結(jié)段落信息匹配題的做法:
1、 先看題再回文章,包含兩步:關(guān)注主題(主標(biāo)題或副標(biāo)題)+定位簡單特殊明確的位置(如特殊數(shù)據(jù))
2、 速讀文章再看題,需要關(guān)注重點詞匯區(qū)域
3、 最后使用同意替換能力來解決剩余題目
最后,我們總結(jié)了一批常見的段落信息匹配的高頻考點位置,請識記:
涉及到首段的提示詞:
overview /past/introduction/initiation/
orientation/main idea/view/concept/
definition/cause/demonstration/
essence/explanation…+topic
涉及到尾段的提示詞:
future / in the future / solution /
conclusion / suggest or suggestion /
Summary/prediction/effect…+topic
特殊詞幫助定位:
含有rate / ratio / proportion / percentage等詞的信息往往對應(yīng)%較多的段落
含有number / figure / amount statistical / demographics等詞的信息往往對應(yīng)數(shù)字集中的段落
含有financial / business / income / revenue / salary / wage / commercial等詞的信息往往對應(yīng)¥$符號多的段落
含有time/ period等詞的信息往往對應(yīng)時間較多的段落
1、做題時間10~15分鐘(整體閱讀包括選詞填空、匹配和精度,共計40分鐘);
2、四級樣卷顯示需要將10道題目信息配對到9個段落中;
3、六級樣卷顯示需要將10道題目信息配對到15個段落中;
4、考試說明提到,某段可能被用到兩次,而某段可能完全不被涉及。
5、這類題型的出題形式為:題干給出原文的若干條細(xì)節(jié)信息,要求考生找出文
中分別有這些信息的段落(即題目當(dāng)中會問道:which paragraph contains the following information?)。
實際考試中,在時間和耐力的雙重壓迫下,無奈的考生們頗有“可能就在此段中,只因文深不知處”的感慨!
難點分析:
1、順序原則被打破
段落細(xì)節(jié)信息配對題之所以讓無數(shù)考生聞之色變,主要在于這種題目打破了解答雅思閱讀題目傳統(tǒng)的閱讀技巧和解題思路。首先,作為匹配題代表,這種題型明顯不會遵守其他主流題型的“順序原則”,考生從文章開頭到結(jié)尾定位的方法顯然行不通;
2、題目均為長句形式
其次,題目當(dāng)中的表述通常是極其復(fù)雜和繁瑣的名詞短語或者長難句型,在試圖尋找合適的定位詞之前,考生往往就業(yè)已被題干錯中復(fù)雜的表述搞得云里霧里了;
例如四級樣卷第51題:
The number of foreign students applying to U.S. universities decreased sharply after September 11 due to changes in the visa process.
3、定位詞模糊
即使考生能夠排除萬難,讀懂題目陳述中晦澀難懂的意思,尋找定位詞仍然存在很大的障礙,因為這類題目往往不會出現(xiàn)非常明顯的可以實踐拿來主義的明顯定位詞(數(shù)字、時間、地點、人物、特殊字體和特殊符號等等),即使僥幸被我們碰到一個,這個定位詞也通常和文章主題聯(lián)系密切,且出現(xiàn)多次,所以并沒有太大實用意義,例如上題中的U.S.;
4、兩題對一段的可能性增加干擾性
最后,一般選擇題至少是一對一進(jìn)行對應(yīng)的,如果能夠成功選出一對,那么就至少可以排除一個選項。但是在段落細(xì)節(jié)信息對應(yīng)題當(dāng)中,四六級樣卷明確提醒:
You may choose a paragraph more than once.
一段可能被用兩次。這樣最有效的排除法在這里也就再無用武之地了。
所以,從上面四個特點不難看出,如果想從根本上解決這種題型,考試方的思路是希望考生能夠從頭到尾讀完一遍文章,從宏觀和微觀兩個方面全面掌握文章的結(jié)構(gòu)和細(xì)節(jié)信息之后再進(jìn)行解題的,但是這種思路對于閱讀水平和單詞量都有限的四六級考生來說有些難
針對四級樣題,我們對四級考生提出以下做題建議:
段落信息匹配題的做題攻略
一、先看題再看文章
1、段落細(xì)節(jié)信息配對題的陳述雖然都是文章細(xì)節(jié)信息,但是表述基本都是圍繞文章標(biāo)題或者每一段落的主題進(jìn)行描述的,通過快速閱讀題干部分表述,可以迅速了解文章主旨大意。
如四級樣卷中Q46~Q48
46
American universities prepare their undergraduates for global careers by giving them chances for international study or internship.
47
Since the mid-1970s, the enrollment of overseas students has increased at an annual rate of 3.9 percent.
48
The enrollment of international students will have a positive impact on America rather than threaten its competitiveness.
熟悉四級場景詞匯的同學(xué)一定認(rèn)識:university, enrollment, students 名詞形式,文章關(guān)于美國大學(xué)教育或?qū)W生的主題就此迅速清楚;
在考生看過文章標(biāo)題Universities Branch Out之后,通過快速預(yù)覽這道段落細(xì)節(jié)信息配對題的題干部分,考生可以馬上了解到文章所圍繞的主題是美國大學(xué)的擴(kuò)張,即使題干中的每一個表述并不是文章的Topic sentence(主旨句),但是卻都與文章的主題息息相關(guān)的。所以通過快速瀏覽這種題目的題干不失為在短時間內(nèi)掌握文章主旨大意的一種方法。
2、用特殊標(biāo)記詞匯盡快定位簡單題目:
特殊詞匯包括:
精確數(shù)據(jù)、非文章高頻詞的大寫或?qū)S忻~、斜體或援引內(nèi)容等
如47題
Since the mid-1970s, the enrollment of overseas students has increased at an annual rate of 3.9 percent.
3.9 percent.就是一個精確數(shù)據(jù),直接定位至C段,即告選擇成功。
C段
Over the past three decades the number of students leaving home each year to study abroad has grown at an annual rate of 3.9 percent, from 800,000 in 1975 to 2.5 million in 2004.
又如51題
The number of foreign students applying to U.S. universities decreased sharply after September 11 due to changes in the visa process.
September 11 是一個非高頻專有大寫,直接定位至H段即告定位成功。
H段
Adjusted for inflation, public funding for international exchanges and foreign-language study is well below the levels of 40 years ago. In the wake of September 11…
解決完前兩步后,相對困難的時間開始了,我們建議考生用順序梳理原文的方式,逐一進(jìn)行答案的確認(rèn)。
二、一段一段速讀文章,一道一道梳理題目
1、速讀每一段,關(guān)注段首段尾句和段內(nèi)重點單詞區(qū)域(例如邏輯關(guān)系等)
段首或段尾句可以迅速告知本段主要內(nèi)容,而常見閱讀重點詞匯及短語區(qū)域則是段內(nèi)重點信息的表達(dá)。
因果轉(zhuǎn)折類:but however unfortunately since because the reason…
讓步關(guān)系:althoughthough
遞進(jìn)關(guān)系: not only but alsomot merely but
比較關(guān)系類:moreevenmore thanmost
選擇關(guān)系:either oror
事實羅列:for examplein fact
序數(shù)詞:first second at last
如四級樣卷A段:
重點區(qū)域:段尾句的轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系
But at the same time, the opening of national borders to the flow of goods, services, information and especially people has made universities a powerful force for global integration, mutual understanding and geopolitical stability.
而定位至本句后,根據(jù)長難句中關(guān)注謂語賓語結(jié)構(gòu)或表語結(jié)構(gòu),重點位置再次被定位至:has made universities a powerful force,以此句去匹配剩余題目即可。
瀏覽至54題,發(fā)現(xiàn):
Present-day universities have become a powerful force for global integration.
則答題成功。
同理,F(xiàn)段重點句包含BUT
The link between university-based science and industrial application is often indirect but sometimes highly visible:
瀏覽至53題,發(fā)現(xiàn)
Around the world, governments encourage the model of linking university-based science and industrial application.
則答題成功。
2、用同意替換解決速讀無法解決的段落及題目。
同意替換是閱讀類題目終極解決方案,它包括單詞或短語甚至句子用另一種含義表達(dá)的所有形式。相對而言,四級部分更多強(qiáng)調(diào)詞語的同意替換,例如上題中,段落中的link變成題目中的linking。
當(dāng)然,也有一定難度的題目來影響考生的分?jǐn)?shù)。
如四級樣卷E段:
Globalization is also reshaping the way research is done. One new trend involves sourcing portions of a research program to another country. Yale professor and Howard Hughes Medical Institute investigator Tian Xu directs a research center focused on the genetics of human disease at Shanghai’s Fudan University, in collaboration with faculty colleagues from both schools. The Shanghai center has 95 employees and graduate students working in a 4,300-square-meter laboratory facility. Yale faculty, postdoctors and graduate students visit regularly and attend videoconference seminars with scientists from both campuses. The arrangement benefits both countries; Xu’s Yale lab is more productive, thanks to the lower costs of conducting research in China, and Chinese graduate students, postdoctors and faculty get on-the-job training from a world-class scientist and his U.S. team.
本段可以定位的位置有:
首句尾句;4,300,95(精確數(shù)字);Fudan University(非高頻大寫專有)等。
仔細(xì)瀏覽完畢題目,發(fā)現(xiàn)沒有任何明顯信息可以進(jìn)行匹配。
只有49題:
The way research is carried out in universities has changed as a result of globalization.
包含一個globalization.
仔細(xì)分析,發(fā)現(xiàn)這句話對應(yīng)的就是E段段首。其同意替換對應(yīng)關(guān)系為:
Reshape-has changed; research is done-research is carried out.
同意替換因為有一定難度,于是成為匹配題最佳解決方案,這是一個需要積累和鍛煉的能力,我們建議:
第一、平時背詞匯時,多多注意目標(biāo)詞匯的同意詞和近義詞,以及短語。特別關(guān)注其英文解釋,這會逐漸給大家省很多力氣;
第二、每次做完題目后,都積累閱讀和聽力科目中全部同意替換的方式,今后考試中被重復(fù)考到幾率是很高的。
總結(jié)段落信息匹配題的做法:
1、 先看題再回文章,包含兩步:關(guān)注主題(主標(biāo)題或副標(biāo)題)+定位簡單特殊明確的位置(如特殊數(shù)據(jù))
2、 速讀文章再看題,需要關(guān)注重點詞匯區(qū)域
3、 最后使用同意替換能力來解決剩余題目
最后,我們總結(jié)了一批常見的段落信息匹配的高頻考點位置,請識記:
涉及到首段的提示詞:
overview /past/introduction/initiation/
orientation/main idea/view/concept/
definition/cause/demonstration/
essence/explanation…+topic
涉及到尾段的提示詞:
future / in the future / solution /
conclusion / suggest or suggestion /
Summary/prediction/effect…+topic
特殊詞幫助定位:
含有rate / ratio / proportion / percentage等詞的信息往往對應(yīng)%較多的段落
含有number / figure / amount statistical / demographics等詞的信息往往對應(yīng)數(shù)字集中的段落
含有financial / business / income / revenue / salary / wage / commercial等詞的信息往往對應(yīng)¥$符號多的段落
含有time/ period等詞的信息往往對應(yīng)時間較多的段落