自考“英語語法”基礎材料：分詞
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公共課
分詞
分詞是非謂語動詞的一種,分詞有現在分詞和過去分詞兩類。
1.形式及特征
現在分詞由動詞原形+“ing”構成。規則動詞的過去分詞由動詞原形+“ed”構成。不規則動詞的過去分詞沒有規則。
分詞有形容詞和動詞特征,可以有賓語或狀語,現在分詞有一般式和完成式,有主動語態和被動語態,而過去分詞只有一般式,沒有完成式,也沒有主動語態。
2.用法
?。?）作定語
作定語用的分詞如果是單詞,則放在它所修飾的名詞之前。
China is a developing country. 中國是一個發展中國家。
It is a well-written article. 這是一篇好文章。
作定語用的分詞如果是分詞短語,則放在它所修飾的名詞之后,相當于定語從句。
It is a method used by retailers to attract customers. 這是零售商用來吸引顧客的一種方法。
We wish to introduce ourselves to you as a corporation dealing exclusively in Light Industrial Goods. 我們是專營輕工產品的公司。
?。?）作表語
This novel is very interesting. 這本小說很有趣。
The theory sounds quite convincing. 這種說法聽起來很有說服力。
分詞作表語時,要與現在進行時與被動語態區分開,如：
He is reading the novel. （現在進行時） 他正在讀小說。
His interest is reading. （現在分詞作表語） 他的興趣是閱讀。
The novel is being read. （過去分詞作謂語） 這本小說正在被讀。
?。?）作狀語
①表示時間
Having worked for three hours, she took a rest. 工作了三個小時之后,她休息了一會兒。
Opening the drawer he took out a book. 打開抽屜,他拿出一本書。
?、诒硎驹?br/> Being debits always recorded in amounts equal to credits, the debits and credits should always equal each other. 由于借貸所記的金額是相等的,所以借與貸必須相等。
Inspired by the teacher, the students studied even harder. 在老師的鼓勵下,學生們更加努力地學習。
?、郾硎景殡S或方式
Laughing and talking, the children went out into the garden. 孩子們又說又笑地走進花園。
④表示結果
The bus was held up in the snowstorm, thus causing the delay. 公共汽車被困在寒風雪中,因此給耽擱了。
Last year the yield climbed again, reaching 1,300 kilograms. 去年產量上升了,達到1,300公斤。
（4）作賓語補足語
We must get everything straightened out. 我們必須把一切弄清楚。
I found that store almost completely rebuilt. 我發現那個商店幾乎全部改建過了。
（5）作獨立主格
All things considered, the commodities are the best in our firm. 經過充分考慮后,認為這些商品是我們公司的最好商品。
His work finished, he prepares to return to his company. 工作完成后,他準備回公司。
So many directors being absent, we decided to put the meeting off. 由于董事缺席過多,我們決定會議延期。
Weather permitting, we'll send the commodities tomorrow. 天氣好的話,我們明天就把貨送到。
These are sold at reduced prices, the defects always being pointed out to the customers. 這些貨是降低出售的,貨物的缺陷總是向顧客們指出的。
分詞是非謂語動詞的一種,分詞有現在分詞和過去分詞兩類。
1.形式及特征
現在分詞由動詞原形+“ing”構成。規則動詞的過去分詞由動詞原形+“ed”構成。不規則動詞的過去分詞沒有規則。
分詞有形容詞和動詞特征,可以有賓語或狀語,現在分詞有一般式和完成式,有主動語態和被動語態,而過去分詞只有一般式,沒有完成式,也沒有主動語態。
2.用法
?。?）作定語
作定語用的分詞如果是單詞,則放在它所修飾的名詞之前。
China is a developing country. 中國是一個發展中國家。
It is a well-written article. 這是一篇好文章。
作定語用的分詞如果是分詞短語,則放在它所修飾的名詞之后,相當于定語從句。
It is a method used by retailers to attract customers. 這是零售商用來吸引顧客的一種方法。
We wish to introduce ourselves to you as a corporation dealing exclusively in Light Industrial Goods. 我們是專營輕工產品的公司。
?。?）作表語
This novel is very interesting. 這本小說很有趣。
The theory sounds quite convincing. 這種說法聽起來很有說服力。
分詞作表語時,要與現在進行時與被動語態區分開,如：
He is reading the novel. （現在進行時） 他正在讀小說。
His interest is reading. （現在分詞作表語） 他的興趣是閱讀。
The novel is being read. （過去分詞作謂語） 這本小說正在被讀。
?。?）作狀語
①表示時間
Having worked for three hours, she took a rest. 工作了三個小時之后,她休息了一會兒。
Opening the drawer he took out a book. 打開抽屜,他拿出一本書。
?、诒硎驹?br/> Being debits always recorded in amounts equal to credits, the debits and credits should always equal each other. 由于借貸所記的金額是相等的,所以借與貸必須相等。
Inspired by the teacher, the students studied even harder. 在老師的鼓勵下,學生們更加努力地學習。
?、郾硎景殡S或方式
Laughing and talking, the children went out into the garden. 孩子們又說又笑地走進花園。
④表示結果
The bus was held up in the snowstorm, thus causing the delay. 公共汽車被困在寒風雪中,因此給耽擱了。
Last year the yield climbed again, reaching 1,300 kilograms. 去年產量上升了,達到1,300公斤。
（4）作賓語補足語
We must get everything straightened out. 我們必須把一切弄清楚。
I found that store almost completely rebuilt. 我發現那個商店幾乎全部改建過了。
（5）作獨立主格
All things considered, the commodities are the best in our firm. 經過充分考慮后,認為這些商品是我們公司的最好商品。
His work finished, he prepares to return to his company. 工作完成后,他準備回公司。
So many directors being absent, we decided to put the meeting off. 由于董事缺席過多,我們決定會議延期。
Weather permitting, we'll send the commodities tomorrow. 天氣好的話,我們明天就把貨送到。
These are sold at reduced prices, the defects always being pointed out to the customers. 這些貨是降低出售的,貨物的缺陷總是向顧客們指出的。