自學考試綜合英語（二）語法及課后翻譯
時間：
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公共課
一、語法 Grammar & Usage
Subject-Verb Agreement (I)
1.主謂一致的三條原則
1)語法一致，即在語法形式上取得一致。
Human beings enjoy learning.
Everybody's understanding is incomplete.
2)意義一致，即根據意義來處理一致關系。
The people there are fighting for the independence of their country.
The dollars was a lot of money at that time.
3)就近原則，即謂語動詞的單、復數形式取決于最靠近它的詞語。
There is a pen, two pencils and an eraser in the pencil box.
Neither the boy nor his teachers know the answer.
2.集體名詞作主語時與動詞的一致
1)當主語為furniture， equipment， machinery等詞時，謂語動詞通常用單數。
The furniture in that shop is all made in China.
Office equipment is very expensive nowadays.
A lot of new machinery has been installed.
2)集體名詞如people， cattle， police， poultry，等往往作復數用。
Some people drive madly in this country.
Many cattle have died because of the fold.
The police have been sent there but they have not made any arrests yet.
Poultry are plentiful in that mountain region.
3)family, government, class, committee, audience , team, public 等詞被視做一個整體時，其后的動詞作單數;被視做為構成整體的個體時，其后的動詞則為復數。
His family is a happy one.
His family are all interested in stamp-collecting.
The Democratic Government is in power now.
The government is/are considering further tax cuts.
The audience was very quite when he was giving his speech.
The audience were shouting and laughing when he came into the hall.
Our class is the top class in the grade.
The class are busy taking notes.
3.并列主語與動詞的一致
1)當“名詞+名詞”表示一種事物時，用單數動詞。
Bacon and eggs is a very popular British breakfast.
Toast and marmalade (果醬面包) is my favorite breakfast.
Fish and chips (炸魚與土豆片) is served every day.
2)當主語是由and， both ….and 連接的并列結構時，如果主語所指的不是一種事物，動詞則用復數形式。
Jack and Mary are in love with each other.
Both Tom and John are absent today.
War, famine and drought have claimed thousands of lives in that country.
3)在又or或 nor連接的并列結構中，動詞單、復數形式一般與or 或 nor 后邊的名詞或代詞保持一致。
He or his brothers are to blame for this.
Either you or your friend has to pay the bill.
Either his father or his mother comes to see him every day.
When couples quarrel, (either) the wife or the husband has to give in.
Neither she nor you are mistaken.
Neither the manager nor the clerks are college graduates.
4) not only … but also 連接的結構做主語時，動詞的單、復數形式依據but also 后的名詞或代詞。
Not only Fred but also his parents love this small pet dog.
Not only the boys but also their mother is very ell.
課后練習
Translate the following into English.
1) Use the verb + noun collocation.
出席會議 to attend a meeting 干的不錯 to do a good job
體驗苦難 to experience bitterness 自學英語 to teach oneself English
發現奇跡 to discover wonders 忍住咳嗽 to hold back one's cough
掌握技能 to master skills 獲取知識 to acquire knowledge
需要勇氣 to require courage 豐富生活 to enrich one's life
接受修正 to accept rectification 改正錯誤 to correct mistakes
不再指望 to cherish no hope 作出努力 to make efforts
2)Use the “useful expressions”.
1.新造的大橋坍塌了，一名工程師和兩名地方官員為此受到刑事起訴。
The collapse of the big newly-built bridge led to criminal prosecution against an engineer and two local government officials.
2.他工作了一天，午飯都沒動。
He worked all day, leaving his lunch untouched.
3.經常性的體育運動使學生身體強壯，更好的適應學習，決不是浪費時間。
Far from being a waste of time, regular sports activities make students physically strong and deal with their study better.
4.在海洋世界公園，海豹和海豚能夠表演各種技巧，逗的小觀眾們樂不可支。
The seals and dolphins in the Sea World are capable of various acting techniques, and this makes children audience overjoyed.
5.把快樂建立在別人痛苦之上的人遲早要受到報應的。
Those who take delight in other people's pain will suffer retribution sooner or later.
6.在某些方面，那部新字典有不少地方需要改進。
In some respects, that new dictionary has much to be improved.
7.當那輛公共汽車沖進路邊翻了車時，許多小朋友被困在里邊。
When that bush rushed out of the road and turned over, many children got trapped in it.
8.在開幕式上，市政府將為一千多明來賓提供飲食。
At the opening ceremony, the municipal government will provide food and drink for more than 1,000 guests.
9.在中國，城市家庭只允許生一個孩子。
In China, every urban family is restricted to only one child.
10.只要我們能得到點休息，去哪里并不重要。
As long as we can get a little rest, is doesn't matter where we go.
3)Use learn, ask and teach.
1.那位男孩向警察詢問去火車站怎么走。
That boy asked the policeman how to get to the railway station.
2.學習外語沒有任何捷徑可走。
There are no shortcuts to learning a foreign language.
3.獲悉我最喜歡的數學老師仍然在那所學校教書我決定去看他。
Learning that my favourite maths teacher is still teaching in that school, I decided to visit him.
4.這位老工人教育他的子女做人要誠實。
This veteran worker taught his children to be honest.
5.他問老板那天他是否可以早點離開辦公室。
He asked his boss whether he could leave off work a little earlier that day.
6.艱難困苦使我們對我們現有的一切感到滿意。
Difficulties and hardships teach us to be grateful for all that we have already had.
7.畢業時他要求到西藏去工作一年。
On his graduation, he asked to work in Tibet for one year.
8.我只不過是想關心別人，也希望受到他人的關心，我的要求并不過分。
All I want to do is just to show my care for others, and I hope to be treated in the same way by others. I am not asking too much.
9.聰明人從自己的錯誤中吸取教訓。
Wise men learn lessons from their own mistakes.
10. 求援是沒有用的，因為已經早過了午夜。
Since it is well after midnight, there is no point in asking for help.
11.那位科學家教育他的學生說年輕人要面向未來。考試大收集整理
That scientist taught his students that young people should be gearing themselves for the future.
12.問及她生活的最大樂趣時，她說“學習”。
When asked what was the greatest pleasure in her life, she replied “learning”.
Subject-Verb Agreement (I)
1.主謂一致的三條原則
1)語法一致，即在語法形式上取得一致。
Human beings enjoy learning.
Everybody's understanding is incomplete.
2)意義一致，即根據意義來處理一致關系。
The people there are fighting for the independence of their country.
The dollars was a lot of money at that time.
3)就近原則，即謂語動詞的單、復數形式取決于最靠近它的詞語。
There is a pen, two pencils and an eraser in the pencil box.
Neither the boy nor his teachers know the answer.
2.集體名詞作主語時與動詞的一致
1)當主語為furniture， equipment， machinery等詞時，謂語動詞通常用單數。
The furniture in that shop is all made in China.
Office equipment is very expensive nowadays.
A lot of new machinery has been installed.
2)集體名詞如people， cattle， police， poultry，等往往作復數用。
Some people drive madly in this country.
Many cattle have died because of the fold.
The police have been sent there but they have not made any arrests yet.
Poultry are plentiful in that mountain region.
3)family, government, class, committee, audience , team, public 等詞被視做一個整體時，其后的動詞作單數;被視做為構成整體的個體時，其后的動詞則為復數。
His family is a happy one.
His family are all interested in stamp-collecting.
The Democratic Government is in power now.
The government is/are considering further tax cuts.
The audience was very quite when he was giving his speech.
The audience were shouting and laughing when he came into the hall.
Our class is the top class in the grade.
The class are busy taking notes.
3.并列主語與動詞的一致
1)當“名詞+名詞”表示一種事物時，用單數動詞。
Bacon and eggs is a very popular British breakfast.
Toast and marmalade (果醬面包) is my favorite breakfast.
Fish and chips (炸魚與土豆片) is served every day.
2)當主語是由and， both ….and 連接的并列結構時，如果主語所指的不是一種事物，動詞則用復數形式。
Jack and Mary are in love with each other.
Both Tom and John are absent today.
War, famine and drought have claimed thousands of lives in that country.
3)在又or或 nor連接的并列結構中，動詞單、復數形式一般與or 或 nor 后邊的名詞或代詞保持一致。
He or his brothers are to blame for this.
Either you or your friend has to pay the bill.
Either his father or his mother comes to see him every day.
When couples quarrel, (either) the wife or the husband has to give in.
Neither she nor you are mistaken.
Neither the manager nor the clerks are college graduates.
4) not only … but also 連接的結構做主語時，動詞的單、復數形式依據but also 后的名詞或代詞。
Not only Fred but also his parents love this small pet dog.
Not only the boys but also their mother is very ell.
課后練習
Translate the following into English.
1) Use the verb + noun collocation.
出席會議 to attend a meeting 干的不錯 to do a good job
體驗苦難 to experience bitterness 自學英語 to teach oneself English
發現奇跡 to discover wonders 忍住咳嗽 to hold back one's cough
掌握技能 to master skills 獲取知識 to acquire knowledge
需要勇氣 to require courage 豐富生活 to enrich one's life
接受修正 to accept rectification 改正錯誤 to correct mistakes
不再指望 to cherish no hope 作出努力 to make efforts
2)Use the “useful expressions”.
1.新造的大橋坍塌了，一名工程師和兩名地方官員為此受到刑事起訴。
The collapse of the big newly-built bridge led to criminal prosecution against an engineer and two local government officials.
2.他工作了一天，午飯都沒動。
He worked all day, leaving his lunch untouched.
3.經常性的體育運動使學生身體強壯，更好的適應學習，決不是浪費時間。
Far from being a waste of time, regular sports activities make students physically strong and deal with their study better.
4.在海洋世界公園，海豹和海豚能夠表演各種技巧，逗的小觀眾們樂不可支。
The seals and dolphins in the Sea World are capable of various acting techniques, and this makes children audience overjoyed.
5.把快樂建立在別人痛苦之上的人遲早要受到報應的。
Those who take delight in other people's pain will suffer retribution sooner or later.
6.在某些方面，那部新字典有不少地方需要改進。
In some respects, that new dictionary has much to be improved.
7.當那輛公共汽車沖進路邊翻了車時，許多小朋友被困在里邊。
When that bush rushed out of the road and turned over, many children got trapped in it.
8.在開幕式上，市政府將為一千多明來賓提供飲食。
At the opening ceremony, the municipal government will provide food and drink for more than 1,000 guests.
9.在中國，城市家庭只允許生一個孩子。
In China, every urban family is restricted to only one child.
10.只要我們能得到點休息，去哪里并不重要。
As long as we can get a little rest, is doesn't matter where we go.
3)Use learn, ask and teach.
1.那位男孩向警察詢問去火車站怎么走。
That boy asked the policeman how to get to the railway station.
2.學習外語沒有任何捷徑可走。
There are no shortcuts to learning a foreign language.
3.獲悉我最喜歡的數學老師仍然在那所學校教書我決定去看他。
Learning that my favourite maths teacher is still teaching in that school, I decided to visit him.
4.這位老工人教育他的子女做人要誠實。
This veteran worker taught his children to be honest.
5.他問老板那天他是否可以早點離開辦公室。
He asked his boss whether he could leave off work a little earlier that day.
6.艱難困苦使我們對我們現有的一切感到滿意。
Difficulties and hardships teach us to be grateful for all that we have already had.
7.畢業時他要求到西藏去工作一年。
On his graduation, he asked to work in Tibet for one year.
8.我只不過是想關心別人，也希望受到他人的關心，我的要求并不過分。
All I want to do is just to show my care for others, and I hope to be treated in the same way by others. I am not asking too much.
9.聰明人從自己的錯誤中吸取教訓。
Wise men learn lessons from their own mistakes.
10. 求援是沒有用的，因為已經早過了午夜。
Since it is well after midnight, there is no point in asking for help.
11.那位科學家教育他的學生說年輕人要面向未來。考試大收集整理
That scientist taught his students that young people should be gearing themselves for the future.
12.問及她生活的最大樂趣時，她說“學習”。
When asked what was the greatest pleasure in her life, she replied “learning”.