高中英語語法知識點
高中英語語法知識點:名詞性從句
在復合句中起名詞作用的從句叫名詞性從句,包括作主語從句、表語從句、賓語從句和同位語從句。
(1)主語從句
就是在復合句中作主語的從句。主語從句常用that, whether, who, whom, whose, what, which, when, where, how, why, whatever, whoever等引導。如:
Whether he will be able to come remains a question. 他是否來還是問題。
That China is a great socialist country is well known. 眾所周知,中國是一個偉大的社會主義國家。
注:為避免頭重腳輕,使句子平衡,常用it作形式主語,而將主語從句后置。如上述第二例常說成:
It is well known that China is a great socialist country.
但是,由連接代詞what, whatever, whoever等引導的主語從句一般不能用形式主語。如:
What he found surprised me greatly. 他的發現使我非常吃驚。
Whoever is finished may rest. 凡是做完工的人都可以休息。
(2)表語從句
就是在連系動詞之后作表語的從句。引導表語從句的連接除與引導主語從句的連接詞外,還有as if, as though。如:
The question is whether he is able to do it alone. 問題是他能否單獨做這件事。
It looks as if (though) it is going to snow. 天好像要下雪似的。
注意:要區分以下句式:
1. that’s why+結果;that’s because+原因。2. the reason why /for…is that…
He is absent. That’s because he is ill. 他缺席,這是因為他生病了。
He is ill. That’s why he is absent. 他病了,這就是他缺席的原因。
The reason why he is absent is that he is ill. 他缺席的原因是他生病了。
(3)賓語從句
就是在復合句中作賓語的從句。引導這賓語從句的連接詞與引導主語從句的連接詞基本相同。如:
They didn’t say which they wanted. 他們沒有說他們想要哪一個。
I am sure (that) no harm will ever come to you. 我肯定你永遠不會受傷害。
I was surprised at what has happened.我對發生的事感到驚訝。
注意:當think, believe, suppose等的疑問式后面跟連接代詞或連接副詞引導的賓語從句時,習慣這些連接詞置于句首,即“連接代/副詞+do you think /believe /expect+賓語從句的其余部分?”如:
Who do you think is the best player this year? 你認為今年誰是最佳運動員?
What do you suppose you will do after school? 你想放學后干什么?
(4)同位語從句
就是在句中作同位語的從句。它通常有放在thought, idea, news, word(=news), plan, doubt, question, fact, suggestion, belief等抽象名詞的后面,說明這些詞的具體內容或含義。同位語從句大多由that引導,也可由whether, how, when, where, why等引導,但不能由which引導。如:
The idea that the earth is round is not a new one. “地球是圓的”這種觀點并不新鮮。
He must answer the question whether he agrees to it or not. 他必須回答他是否同意此事這們一問題。
I have no idea when he will set out. 我不知他什么時候出發。
注:有時,同位語從句并不緊跟在它所說明的詞的后面。如:
The whole truth came out at last that he was a wolf in sheep’s clothing. 真相終于大白了,他原來是一只披羊皮的狼。
高中英語語法知識點:復合句
1、學生最容易混淆的是定語從句與同位語從句的區別。
例如:A、The news that our team has won the match is true. (同位語從句)
B、The news that he told us surprised everybody here. (定語從句)
關鍵的區別在于連接或關系代詞that:有意義的是定語, 無意義的是同位。因為引導定語從句的that在從句中作主語或賓語,而引導同位語從句的that只起到連接詞的作用。
2、接著容易混淆的是引導定語從句的關系代詞that與 which:that之前是不定(代詞)、序數(詞)、(形容詞)最高級:which之前是介詞短語與逗號(非限制性)。
例如:A、All that we have to do is to practise every day.
B、The first lesson that I learned will never be forgotten.
C、I have lost my pen,which I like very much.
D、The house in front of which there is a garden is my home.
高中英語語法知識點:非謂語動詞
“非謂語動詞”可分為動詞不定式、動名詞和分詞。它在句子中的作用很多:除了不作謂語外,它可以充當主語、賓語、表語、定語、狀語與復合賓語(主語補語或賓語補語)。有些及物動詞后面接不帶to的不定式作復合賓語。這些動詞歸納如下:一感(feel).二聽(hear,listen to),三讓(have,1et, make),四看(see,watCh,notice,observe)。再加上help somebody(to)do something和美國英語look at somebody do somthing。還有“二讓”屬特殊:get somebody to do something 與keep somebody doing。而有些及物動詞后面接動名詞(the -ing form)作賓語。這些動詞歸納為一句話:Papa C makes friends。這是由如下動詞的開頭字母組成:permit,advise, practise,avoid,consider,mind, allow,keep,enjoy,suggest, finish,risk,imagine,escape,need,delay,stand(忍受)。 為了容易記住,也可以編成順口溜:“允許完成練習,建議避免冒險,考慮延期逃跑,喜歡保持想象,需要反對忍受”。其相對應的動詞依次是:permit/allow,finish,practise;
advise/suggest, avoid,risk: consider, delay, escape/miss; enjoy/appreciate, keep, imagine; need/want/require,mind. can't help/can’t stand。