2017高考英語閱讀理解練習題：人物傳記類

　　Arthur Miller (1915—2005) is universally recognized as one of the greatest dramatists of the 20th century. Miller‘s father had moved to the USA from Austria??Hungary， drawn like so many others by the “Great American Dream”。 However， he experienced severe financial hardship when his family business was ruined in the Great Depression of the early 1930s.

　　Miller’s most famous play， Death of a Salesman， is a powerful attack on the American system， with its aggressive way of doing business and its insistence on money and social status as indicators of worth. In Willy Loman， the hero of the play， we see a man who has got into trouble with this system. Willy is “burnt out” and in the cruel world of business there is no room for sentiment： if he can‘t do the work， then he is no good to his employer， the Wagner Company， and he must go. Willy is painfully aware of this， and at a loss as to what to do with his lack of success. He refuses to face the fact that he has failed and kills himself in the end.

　　When it was first staged in 1949， the play was greeted with enthusiastic reviews， and it won the Tony Award for Best Play， the New York Drama Critics’ Circle Award， and the Pulitzer Prize for Drama. It was the first play to win all three of these major awards.

　　Miller died of heart failure at his home in Roxbury， Connecticut， on the evening of February 10， 2005， the 56th anniversary of the first performance of Death of a Salesman on Broadway.

　　1.Why did Arthur Miller‘s father move to the USA?

　　A. He suffered from severe hunger in his home country.

　　B. He was attracted by the “Great American Dream.”

　　C. He hoped to make his son a dramatist.

　　D. His family business failed

　　2.The play Death of a Salesman________.

　　A. exposes the cruelty of the American business world

　　B. discusses the ways to get promoted in a company

　　C. talks about the business career of Arthur Miller

　　D. focuses on the skills in doing business

　　3.What can we learn about Willy Loman?

　　A. He treats his employer badly.

　　B. He runs the Wagner Company.

　　C. He is a victim of the American system.

　　D. He is regarded as a hero by his colleagues.

　　4.After it was first staged， Death of a Salesman________.

　　A. achieved huge success

　　B. won the first Tony Award

　　C. was warmly welcomed by salesmen

　　D. was severely attacked by dramatists

　　5.What is the text mainly about?

　　A. Arthur Miller and his family.

　　B. The awards Arthur Miller won.

　　C. The hardship Arthur Miller experienced.

　　D. Arthur Miller and his best??known play.

　　答案與解析

　　1.B　細節(jié)理解題。根據第一段第二句“Miller’s father had moved to the USA from Austria??Hungary，drawn like so many others by the ‘Great American Dream’”可知，他父親移居美國像其他許多人一樣是受當年偉大的美國夢吸引。

　　2.A　推理判斷題。根據第二段可知，這部戲劇對美國制度是一個抨擊，它表現了咄咄逼人的做生意的方式以及堅信金錢和社會地位才是財富的象征。主人公Willy陷入困境，然而生意場上殘酷無情：如果他做不了，那么對老板而言，他就一無是處，他必須離開。故此部戲劇揭露了美國職場的殘酷。

　　3.C　推理判斷題。根據第二段最后兩句“Willy is painfully aware of this， and at a loss as to what to do with his lack of success. He refuses to face the fact that he has failed and kills himself in the end.”可知主人公面對失敗無所適從，無法面對現實，從而走向毀滅，成了美國資本主義制度下美國夢的犧牲者。故選C項。

　　4.A　細節(jié)理解題。根據第三段可知，這部戲劇自1949第一次搬上銀幕就獲得了“托尼戲劇音樂獎”、“紐約戲劇評論獎”、“普利策戲劇獎”三項大獎，獲得極大的成功。因此A項正確。

　　5.D　主旨大意題。縱觀全文不難看出本文主要介紹Arthur Miller 以及他的戲劇Death of a Salesman《推銷員之死》。其他選項都不全面，只是文中敘述的一部分。故D項正確。

　　2017高考英語閱讀理解練習題：科普小品類

　　(一)(2016·全國卷Ⅱ)

　　For those who study the development of intelligence (智力) in the animal world，self??awareness is an important measurement. An animal that is aware (意識) of itself has a high level of intelligence.

　　Awareness can be tested by studying whether the animal recognizes itself in the mirror， that is，its own reflected image (反射出的影像)。 Many animals fail this exercise bitterly， paying very little attention to the reflected image. Only humans， and some intelligent animals like apes and dolphins，have been shown to recognize that the image in the mirror is of themselves.

　　Now another animal has joined the club. In the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences， researchers report that an Asian elephant has passed the mirror self??reflection test.

　　“We thought that elephants were the next important animal.” said Diana Reiss of the Wildlife Conservation Society， an author of the study with Joshua M. Plotnik and Fans B. M. de Waal of Emory University. With their large brains， Reiss said， elephants “seemed like cousins to apes and dolphins”.

　　The researchers tested Happy， Maxine and Patty， three elephants at the Bronx Zoo. They put an 8??foot??square mirror on a wall of the animals‘ play area (out of the sight of zoo visitors) and recorded what happened with cameras， including one built in the mirror.

　　The elephants used their long noses to find what was behind it， and to examine parts of their bodies.

　　Of the three， Happy then passed the test， in which a clear mark was painted on one side of her face. She could tell the mark was there by looking in the mirror， and she used the mirror to touch the mark with her long nose.

　　Diana Reiss said， “We knew elephants were intelligent， but now we can talk about their intelligence in a better way.”

　　1.What can mirror tests tell us about animals?

　　A.Whether they have large brains.

　　B.Whether they have self??awareness.

　　C.Whether they enjoy outdoor exercises.

　　D.Whether they enjoy playing with mirrors.

　　2.Why does the author mention apes and dolphins in the text?

　　A.They are most familiar to readers.

　　B.They are big favorites with zoo visitors.

　　C.They are included in the study by Reiss.

　　D.They are already known to be intelligent.

　　3.What made Happy different from Maxine and Patty?

　　A.She used her nose to search behind the mirror.

　　B.She recognized her own image in the mirror.

　　C.She painted a mark on her own face.

　　D.She found the hidden camera.

　　答案與解析

　　1.B　細節(jié)理解題。根據第二段第一句可知，通過研究動物是否在鏡子中識別自己可以測試它們的自我意識。

　　2.D　推理判斷題。根據第二段最后一句可知，作者提到猿和海豚是因為它們和人一樣可以識別鏡中自己的形象，是人們已知的有智力的動物;再根據第三段，一個亞洲象也通過了該測試，也加入到有智力的行列里，故選D項。

　　3.B　細節(jié)理解題。根據倒數第二段，三個大象中只有Happy通過了鏡子測試，也就是說只有她能識別鏡中自己的形象，因此這是她有別于其他大象的地方，故選B項。

　　2017高考英語閱讀理解練習題：社會文化類

　　(一)(2016·課標全國)

　　When milk arrived on the doorstep

　　When I was a boy growing up in New Jersey in the 1960s， we had a milkman delivering milk to our doorstep. His name was Mr. Basille. He wore a white cap and drove a white truck. As a 5??year??old boy， I couldn‘t take my eyes off the coin changer fixed to his belt. He noticed this one day during a delivery and gave me a quarter out of his coin changer.

　　Of course， he delivered more than milk. There was cheese， eggs and so on. If we needed to change our order， my mother would pen a note -“Please add a bottle of buttermilk next delivery”-and place it in the box along with the empty bottles. And then， the buttermilk would magically appear.

　　All of this was about more than convenience. There existed a close relationship between families and their milkmen. Mr. Basille even had a key to our house， for those times when it was so cold outside that we put the box indoors， so that the milk wouldn’t freeze. And I remember Mr.Basille from time to time taking a break at our kitchen table， having a cup of tea and telling stories about his delivery.

　　There is sadly no home milk delivery today. Big companies allowed the production of cheaper milk， thus making it difficult for milkmen to compete. Besides， milk is for sale everywhere， and it may just not have been practical to have a delivery service.

　　Recently， an old milk box in the countryside I saw brought back my childhood memories. I took it home and planted it on the back porch (門廊)。 Every so often my son‘s friends will ask what it is. So I start telling stories of my boyhood， and of the milkman who brought us friendship along with his milk.

　　1.Mr. Basille gave the boy a quarter out of his coin changer

　　________.

　　A.to show his magical power

　　B.to pay for the delivery

　　C.to satisfy his curiosity

　　D.to please his mother

　　2.What can be inferred from the fact that the milkman had the key to the boy’s house?

　　A.He wanted to have tea there.

　　B.He was treated as a family member.

　　C.He was a respectable person.

　　D.He was fully trusted by the family.

　　3.Why does home milk delivery no longer exist?

　　A.Nobody wants to be a milkman now.

　　B.It has been driven out of the market.

　　C.Its service is getting poor.

　　D.It is forbidden by law.

　　4.Why did the author bring back home an old milk box?

　　A.He missed the good old days.

　　B.He wanted to tell interesting stories.

　　C.He needed it for his milk bottles.

　　D.He planted flowers in it.

　　答案與解析

　　1.C　推理判斷題。根據第一段最后可以看出，當時作者只是一個5歲的孩子，對送奶人腰帶上的投幣器很好奇，善良的送奶人把一枚硬幣送給作者，是為了滿足其好奇心，所以應選C項。

　　2.D　推理判斷題。根據第三段第二句可知，家里人與送奶人之間關系很密切，送奶人甚至有家里的鑰匙，由此推斷送奶人得到了充分的信任，故選D項。

　　3.B　細節(jié)理解題。根據第四段可知，激烈的競爭和購買的便利使得送奶上門退出了市場，無法存在下去，故選B項。

　　4.A　推理判斷題。由最后一段可以看出，作者有一種懷舊的心理，想念兒時的時光，感覺送奶人送來牛奶的同時，也帶來了友誼，故選A項。

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