大學(xué)英語四級閱讀理解精選題一

　　Human life is a process. A number of psychologistshave attempted to identify the particular tasks thatmust be accomplished at each stage ofdevelopment. Successful completion of tasks at onestage means that the individual normally proceeds tothe next stage and a few set of tasks. It is notalways recognized, however, that there are newtasks for the aged1 as well as for those who are younger. Aging, in other words, is a new stagein the developmental process of life.

　　What are the developmental tasks faced by the aged? Some tasks are similar to those of otherage groups, and some are peculiar to the elderly. In the nineteenth century, for instance, mostmen had no transition to retirement. Typically, a man worked until disability or death. Fewpeople had to deal with the "empty nest2" problem, since children either did not leave the familyhouse or returned there to live with their elderly parents.

　　Today, when an increasing number of people are living into their seventies and eighties, thereare at least five developmental tasks facing the elderly. First, the aged must come to termswith3 the physical limitations inherent in4 their stage of life. They will no longer be able toengage in certain activities as often or as successfully as they once could. Second, havingcome to terms with the limitations, the older person must redefine the scope of his or heractivities. Third, the older person must find new sources for satisfying his or her needs. Thismay be particularly acute at the time of retirement for those who hold to the work ethic.

　　A fourth task is to reassess the criteria for self-evaluation. Again, the loss of work is involved,for many Americans consider themselves worthwhile because they have a fulltime job. Thequestion the elderly person must face is "Am I a worthwhile person because of the kind ofindividual I am, because of the various qualities I possess, or am I worthwhile only as long asI can function in some kind of job?" A man who lost his job in advertising when he was sixty-one told the author that he could not find another job in his field. He has done some freelancework, but he still mourns the loss of his job. "I loved what I did, " he said, "and I resented beingthrown out on the scrap heap5. There are times when I think I'm just not worth anythinganymore. "

　　Finally, the aged face the task of finding ways to give meaning and purpose to their 021 lives.This task arises throughout the individual's life. Many elderly people find challenges, struggles,and gratifications just as they did in their earlier years.

　　閱讀自測

　　Complete the sentences with the proper forms of the words given in parentheses:

　　1. We are _____( gratification) to learn that you have won the scholarship.

　　2. Your work in office has not been very _____( product) .

　　3. Money will be paid half in advance and half on_____ ( complete ) .

　　4. All railroads have weight and height _____( limit) because of tunnels, bridges and so forth.

　　參考答案

　　1. gratified 2. productive 3. completion 4. limitations

　　參考譯文

　　衰老是個發(fā)展過程

　　人生是個過程。一些心理學(xué)者試圖找出人生每一階段必須完成的特定任務(wù)。圓滿地 完成一個階段的任務(wù)意味著這個人已順利進(jìn)入下一個階段, 又要面對一些新的任務(wù)。然 而, 人們并不一定能意識到不僅年輕人有新任務(wù), 而且老年人也有新的事情要做。換句話 說, 衰老是人生過程中一個新的階段。

　　那么老年人面對的發(fā)展任務(wù)是什么呢? 有些任務(wù)與其他年齡組的相似, 還有一些則是 老年人特有的。比如說, 19 世紀(jì), 大多數(shù)人不會退休。那個時候的人常常會工作到做不動 甚至做到死。很少會有人面對“ 守空巢”的問題, 因為他們的孩子或者不離開父母家, 或者 離家后又回來跟年邁的父母同住。

　　今天, 步入耄耋之年的老人越來越多, 他們至少要面對五項生活任務(wù)。首先, 老年人必 須承認(rèn)這個人生階段所帶來的身體上的限制。他們已不能像年輕時候那樣頻繁地參加某 些活動, 也不會如過去那般成功。第二, 承認(rèn)身體上的局限之后, 老年人就必須重新界定自 己的活動范圍。第三, 老年人必須要找到能滿足自己需要的新的資源。對于那些恪守工作 道德的老年人來說, 這一點在他們退休的時候也許尤為重要。

　　第四個任務(wù)是要重新審視自我評價的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。又要說到失去工作這個問題了, 因為許多 美國人之所以認(rèn)為自己有價值, 是因為他們有一份全職工作。老年人必須面對的一個問題 是“ 我的價值在于我本身, 還是在于我身上有各種優(yōu)點, 還是僅僅在于我能在某份工作中起 022 到 一些作用? ”一位在61 歲的時候失去他在廣告業(yè)的工作的男士對本作者說, 他在廣告這 一行已經(jīng)找不到工作了。雖然他現(xiàn)在做一些自由撰稿的活兒, 但仍然為失去原來的工作而 悶悶不樂。“ 我熱愛我的工作, ”他說,“ 我討厭像扔垃圾一樣被炒掉。有時候我感覺自己 已沒有什么價值了。”

　　最后, 老年人還要面對如何使他們的生活充滿意義和目的的任務(wù)。這個任務(wù)貫穿了人 的一生。許多老年人最終找到了各種挑戰(zhàn)、競爭和滿足感, 就像他們年輕的時候一樣。

　　大學(xué)英語四級閱讀理解精選題二

　　Campus Life

　　An Apple for the Teacher

　　American schoolchildren occasionally present anapple to the teacher. Obviously the custom containsan element of bribery 1 — you offer sweet fruit toauthority figures to “sweeten” 2 their disposition3. In school children's case, the apple is offered tomake their grades more favorable. Therefore, theapple has more or less acquired a corrosive4 reputation and maybe for this reason, in slangEnglish “to applepolish” means“to flatter or fawn” and an applepolisher is a flatterer.

　　But the custom might also be explained as a fair payment for the teacher's instruction. In theearly days of public education, school teachers were not always salaried. Often they would bepaid in goods and services, offered by either the school, or the pupils or the parents. . ..Therefore, the occasional gift of an apple for the teacher in today's classroom should be awelcome reminder of the era when education was one -to-one and when teaching meantenlightening the students rather than identifying their rankings.

　　Caps and Gowns

　　For students, the most exciting moment may be the graduation ceremony 5: parents, relativesand friends are invited to the ceremony; all the graduates are wearing black square flat capsand gowns. They all await the president to announce in the end,“Now, please move yourtassels from right to left. ”

　　The caps and gowns worn by high school and college graduates today are survivors of theeveryday dress worn by members of the academic community in medieval Europe. Themajority of scholars in the Middle Ages6 were churchmen, or soon to become so, and theirdress was often strictly regulated by the universities where they taught and studied. Thestandard clerical dress throughout Europe was the long black cope. The original preferencefor black was changed in the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries, as such colors as red, violetand purple came into fashion; but by the Renaissance black was back, as the color blacksymbolized simple and plain, or austere way of life in the sixteenth century. With fewexceptions, modern universities keep that ceremonial austerity.

　　The origin of the square flat cap, or mortarboard7 , is obscure, though it probably derives fromthe medieval biretta . Such a tufted square cap is considered the badge of the 024 mastership, and is later adopted by undergraduates and schoolboys. The term mortarboard does notappear in English until the 1850 s. The tassel that graduates transfer from one side to anotheras a signal of their elevation is an outgrowth of the medieval tuft. The tuft still appears onthe modern biretta, worn by bishops throughout the Church of Rome .

　　閱讀自測

　　Ⅰ. True o r false :

　　1. Nowadays, American pupils always offer an apple to the teacher in order to get a bettergrade.

　　2. In the early days of public education, schoolteachers were paid in money.

　　3. In America, the caps and gowns are only adopted by college graduates during graduationceremonies.

　　4. Before the Renaissance, the standard clerical dress was black.

　　5. The biretta was considered the mark of scholarship.

　　6. That the graduates move the tassel from one side to the other is a signal of elevation.

　　Ⅱ. Questions :

　　1. According to the passage, when you say somebody is an apple polisher, what do you reallymean by saying that?

　　2. For students, when is the most exciting moment?

　　3. After graduation, which side should you put your tassel, right or left?

　　參考答案

　　Ⅰ. 1. T 2. F 3 . F 4 . F 5. T 6. T

　　Ⅱ. 1. It really means that he is flattering orfawning some figures.

　　2. For students, the most exciting moment is thegraduation ceremony, especially the moment whenthe president makes the announcement.

　　3. After graduation, the tassel should be put to theleft side.

　　參考譯文

　　校園記趣

　　獻(xiàn)給老師的蘋果

　　美國的學(xué)童經(jīng)常會送蘋果給老師。很明顯, 這個習(xí)慣做法有點行賄的意味——— 給當(dāng)權(quán) 者一些甜頭來軟化他們的態(tài)度。對學(xué)童來說, 他們送老師蘋果只是為了得到更令人滿意的 成績。為此, 蘋果的榮譽(yù)多少受到些損害, 而且可能就是這個緣故, 英語俚語“to applepolish”的意思就是“ 阿諛奉承, 溜須拍馬”, 而“ applepolisher”則指“ 馬屁精”。 這一習(xí)慣做法同樣可以看作是對老師授課的一種合理報答。公立教育早期, 學(xué)校教師 并不總是拿薪水的。通常情況下, 他們得到的報酬是學(xué)校、學(xué)生或?qū)W生家長提供的實物或服務(wù)。因此, 在今天的教室里時常出現(xiàn)的送老師蘋果的現(xiàn)象應(yīng)該算是對那個年代的一種 美好回憶。那時的教育是一對一式的, 而且那時的教學(xué)是為了使學(xué)生受到教育, 而不是為 了區(qū)分他們的社會地位。

　　學(xué)士帽與學(xué)士服

　　對學(xué)生而言, 最激動人心的時刻莫過于畢業(yè)典禮。父母及親朋好友都被邀請來參加典 禮。所有的畢業(yè)生都頭戴黑色的方平帽, 身穿黑長袍。他們等待著校長在最后一刻宣布: “ 現(xiàn)在, 請將你的流蘇從右邊移到左邊。” 今天的高中生和大學(xué)生戴的學(xué)士帽, 穿的學(xué)士服是由中世紀(jì)歐洲學(xué)院里學(xué)者們的日常 著裝演變而來的。中世紀(jì)時, 大多數(shù)的學(xué)者要么是牧師, 要么將要成為牧師; 他們的著裝經(jīng) 常受到他們?nèi)谓袒驅(qū)W習(xí)的大學(xué)的嚴(yán)格控制。在整個歐洲, 標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的牧師服都是黑色的長袍。 13 和14 世紀(jì)的時候, 人們最初偏愛黑色的狀況得到了改變, 諸如紅色、紫羅蘭色和紫色這 樣的顏色開始流行起來。但是到了文藝復(fù)興時期, 黑色又流行回來, 因為黑色代表了簡約 樸素和16 世紀(jì)嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)?shù)目嘈薹绞健，F(xiàn)代大學(xué)都少有例外地保留了那種肅穆簡樸的儀式。方平帽或者學(xué)士帽的起源不甚了了, 不過這很可能是從中世紀(jì)的法冠演變而來。這種 植絨的方帽被看作是學(xué)位的象征, 后來被大學(xué)本科生和高中生采用。學(xué)士帽這個術(shù)語直到 19 世紀(jì)50 年代才傳到英國。畢業(yè)生們將其從一邊移到另一邊, 作為一種晉級標(biāo)志的流蘇 其實是中世紀(jì)時的帽穗的派生。現(xiàn)代羅馬教會的大主教們戴的法冠上仍保留著這種穗子。

　　大學(xué)英語四級閱讀理解精選題三

　　Section B

　　Directions：In this section，you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it.Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs.Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived.You may choose a paragraph more than once.Each paragraph is marked with a letter Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.

　　Driver’s License Test Tips

　　A.This article will provide you with some simple tips for passing your driver’s license test.Adequate preparation is absolutely essential，without which any number of driver’s license test tips will be redundant.

　　B.Getting a driver’s license is a big step in anyone’s life.It gives an individual the luxury to drive a car anytime he or she pleases，as driving without passing a driver’s license test is against the law.

　　For some people，the stress can be too much to handle and as a result they may mess up on the driver’s license test.There are some simple driver’s license test tips that anyone can follow,to be assured of passing the test and getting their driver’s license.

　　C.The most important of all the tips for passing your driver’s license test is to be prepared.This can only be achieved by you through hours and hours of sincere and diligent practice.If you are not sufficiently prepared for your driver’s license test，all the driver’s license tips for passing your driver’slicense test will be utterly pointless and redundant.You can read as many drivers’license test tips as you want，but if you are not practicing enough，then all these driving test tips will be in vain.Enroll ing yourself in driving schools is advisable for this purpose.

　　D.Now，if you’re wondering how to prepare for your driving test，the first thing you need to know is what the driving test instructors and officials are going to be looking for.The following are the qualities that the instructors will be on the lookout for and also the parameters that the scoring will be conducted on.

　　E)Starting the vehicle：The instructor will be observing you right from the time you start the vehicle.

　　He will note if you tum your head to look back and if you follow all the safety regulations that are required to be followed while starting a vehicle.Here are some tips on learning to drive a car.

　　F)Control of the vehicle：He will pay close attention to how much control you actually have over the vehicle.Your abilities with the gas pedal，the brake，the steering wheel and other controls will be scrutinized.

　　G)Steering：Not many road test tips stress on the importance of steering.This quality is closely ana.

　　lyzed by the instructor and obviously if your steering is wayward(任性的)，the chances of passing the driver’s license test are very slim.

　　H)Driving in traffic：Keeping calm and avoiding panic attacks while driving in traffic is of utmost importance.Many people get extremely stressed and nervous，when they are in the midst of traffic and one of the very crucial tips to pass road test for driver’s license is to stay calm and composed when driving in traffic.Also read more on road safety and car safety.

　　I)Traffic signs and lane discipline：This is another area that the instructors will be rating you on.Your ability to observe lane discipline and your recognition of the various traffic signs plays a major role in your passing the test.Keep these driver’s license test tips in mind to pass the test in your veryfirst attempt.

　　J)Stopping：Stopping the car smoothly and at the right place is a critical skill to have.When the in. structor asks you to stop the car，the timing，the positioning and the technique of doing so are important driving test tips to bear in mind.

　　K)Backing up and distance judgment：Your backing up skills and your ability to judge the distances

　　between your vehicle and other entities will also be carefully scrutinized.If you cannot back up your vehicle satisfactorily ,parking would be very troublesome for you and a major source of hazard to you and to others around you.

　　L)Hill parking：One of the essential tips for passing your driver’s license test is to master the art of hill parking.This is not as easy as it seems and can become a major source of anxiety in a driver.If you can display good skills at hill parking，it proves that you have developed good control over the vehicle.

　　M)Arm signals and driving etiquette：Another aspect that you will be judged on is your efficiency at giving the right arm signals at the right time.Your respect for other drivers on the road and the amount of courtesy you show them also plays a part in your final rating on the driver’s license test.

　　Read more about defensive driving techniques and tips and defensive driving courses.

　　N)Drivers who are well aware and informed about all the rules and regulations that need to be followed have a beRer chance of clearing their driver’s license test.The primary goal of these driver，slicense test tips is to instill(慢慢灌輸)a responsible and mature frame of mind in every individ.

　　ual.These road test tips will be pointless unless you develop a calm demeanor and tmless you are aware of all the rules that must be followed while driving.

　　O)Here are a few more basic drivers’license test tips that you should keep in mind when vou，re leaming how to prepare for your driving test.Always use the restroom before your test begins.Not doing so will cause more anxiety during the test.Memorize all the traffic signs and their significance well in advance before the test.Use your rear view mirrors efficiently and regularly.Ensure that you are well on time for your test and are carrying all the required documents and paperwork.Get adequate sleep the previous night and do not give the test with an empty stomach.Stick to the permitted speed limit.Do not drive too fast and do not drive too slow either.

　　P)Passing a driver’s license test is not simple and unless you are well versed in driver education.You could face a lot of difficulties.At the end of the day,remember that the instructors also want you to pass the test，so do your best to stay calm and composed and believe in your ability to pass the test.

　　This cannot be reinstated enough，but the key to passing your driver’s license test is practice.

　　46.According to this article，the importance of steering is emphasized by not many road test tips.

　　47.Your timing，positioning and technique should be considered by yourself when you stoD your test car.

　　48.Some people may fail their driver’s license tests because they have too much stress.

　　49.Hill parking as one of the essential tips for your license test seems easV.

　　50.The tips in this article primarily aimed at instilling a responsible and mature frame of mind in you.

　　51.In order to pass your driver’s license test.you should practice.

　　52.Your driver’s license test begins in practice when you start your test car.

　　53.During the preparation process，a few more basic tips should be kept in mind.

　　54.You should sleep adequately the night before your test.

　　55.A lot of difficulties could be faced if you are not well versed in driver education.

　　48.Some people may fail their driver’S license tests because they have too much stress.

　　有些人可能沒有通過駕照考試，是因為壓力太大。

　　【解析】B)。細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)句中的fail their driver’S license tests可將答案定位于文章B)段第三句話，有些人可能沒有通過駕照考試，是因為壓力太大。

　　49.Hill parking as one of the essential tips for your license test seems easy.

　　作為對你在駕照考試中的一個重要建議，斜坡停車看起來很簡單。

　　【解析】L)。細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)句中hillparkin9可將答案定位于L)段第二句話，通過駕照考試的一個必要提示就是要掌握斜坡停車的技巧。這并不像看起來那么簡單，可能會成為駕駛中一件非常令人憂心的事。

　　50.The tips in this article primarily aimed at instilling a responsible and mature flame of mind in you.

　　文中指導(dǎo)的主要目的是將負(fù)責(zé)、成熟的心境慢慢灌輸給你。

　　【解析】N)。細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)句中primarily aimed at可將答案定位于N)段第二句話，flame ofmind為“心 緒，心境，心情”，駕照考試指南的首要目標(biāo)是將負(fù)責(zé)、成熟的心境慢慢灌輸給每一個人。

　　5 1.In order to pass your driver’S license test.you should practice.

　　為了通過駕照考試，你應(yīng)該進(jìn)行練習(xí)。

　　【解析】C)。細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)句中的practice可將答案定位于文章C)段第一句話，在所有的通過駕照考試的建議中，最重要的是考試準(zhǔn)備。這只能通過一小時接一小時的認(rèn)真和勤奮的練習(xí)才能夠?qū)崿F(xiàn)。

　　52.Your driver’S license test begins in practice when you start your test car.

　　當(dāng)你發(fā)動了考試車時，實際上你的駕照考試就開始了。

　　【解析】 E)。推理題。根據(jù)句中begin可將答案定位于E)段第一句話，文中提到從你啟動車子的那 一刻起，教練就開始觀察你了。

　　53.During the preparation process，a few more basic tips should be kept in mind.

　　在準(zhǔn)備的過程中，有一些最基本的建議應(yīng)該記在腦子里。

　　【解析】 O)。根據(jù)句中a fewmorebasic tips可將答案定位于O)段，keep inmind為固定搭配，指“牢記”。

　　這里有一些更加基本的駕照考試建議，在學(xué)習(xí)如何準(zhǔn)備駕駛考試時，你應(yīng)該牢記于心。

　　54.You should sleep adequately the night before your test.

　　在考前那個晚上你應(yīng)該睡眠充足。

　　【解析】O)。根據(jù)句中sleep可將答案定位于O)段，文中使用的是adequate sleep，這里用的是副詞形式。

　　前一晚保證充足的睡眠，而且不要空著肚子去參加考試。

　　55.A lot of difficulties could be faced if you are not well versed in driver education.

　　如果你不精通駕駛教育，你會面臨很多困難。

　　【解析】P)。根據(jù)句中driver education和a lot ofdifficulties可將答案定位于本文P)段第一句話。Be Versedin指“精通于”。想通過駕照考試并不簡單，除非你很精通駕駛教育，否則你會面臨許多困難。