A job description should give details of the performance that is required for a particular job, and a job specification should give information about the behavior, knowledge and skills that are expected of an employee who works in it. When all of this has been collected, it is possible to make a training specification. This specifies what the Training Department must teach for the successful performance of the job, and also the best methods to use in the training period.

　　There are many different training methods, and there are advantages and disadvantages of all of them. Successful training programmes depend on an understanding of the difference between learning about skills and training in using them. It is frequently said that learning about skills takes place "off the job" in the classroom, but training in using these skills takes place "on the job", by means of such activities as practice in the workshop.

　　It is always difficult to evaluate the costs and savings of a training programme. The success of such a programme depends not only on the methods used but also on the quality of the staff who do the training. A company can often check oh savings in time and cost by examining the work performed by the workers and technicians who have completed a training programme. The evaluation of management training is much more complex than that.

　　四級閱讀試題訓(xùn)練題目：

　　21. To be successful in our training programmes, we must understand the difference between______.

　　A. a job description and a job specification

　　B. what is taught and how it is taught

　　C. learning about skills and training in using them

　　D. the savings in time and the savings in cost

　　22. The success of a training programme depends on_________.

　　A. the places where the training takes place

　　B. the correct evaluation of the costs and savings of the programme

　　C. the performance of the workers and technicians trained in the programme

　　D. the training methods and the quality of the training staff

　　23. A training specification specifies_______.

　　A. the performance required for a certain job

　　B. the behavior, knowledge, and skills expected of an employee

　　C. the training contents and methods

　　D. the costs and savings of the programme

　　24. According to the passage, which of the following statements is NOT true?

　　A. As there exist weak parts in different departments of a firm, the training of its staff is highly necessary.

　　B. A training specification is based on the information collected from a job description and a job specification.

　　C. Training in using skills and learning about skills usually do not happen at the same place.

　　D. It is easier to evaluate management training than to evaluate the training of workers and technicians.

　　25. The best title for this passage might be_______.

　　A. A Successful Training Programme

　　B. How to Describe and Specify a Job

　　C. Staff Training

　　D. The Importance of Training Workers and Technicians

　　四級閱讀試題訓(xùn)練答案：

　　21. C 22. D 23. C 24. D 25. C