An international study showed that teenagers living with both parents are less likely to suffer from alcohol and drug problems but a strong maternal2 bond is the most effective barrier to substance abuse .

　　“These findings suggest that living with both parents may inhibit drug use but only if availability through peer networks3 is not very high, ”said Dr. Paul McArdle, of Newcastle University in northern England, who led the study. “They also suggest that attachment,particularly to mothers, is a more potent inhibitor and that this is truly across cultures and substances. ”

　　The report, which is published in the journal Addiction, involved nearly 4 , 000 teenagers in England, Ireland, Italy, Germany and the Netherlands. They were questioned about their use of cannabis, amphetamines, ecstasy, LSD4, tranquilizers5 and alcohol.

　　The teenagers also filled in questionnaires about their relationship with their parents and grandparents, how well they were supervised after school and whether they were allowed to meet friends at home .

　　“Both the quality of family relationships and the structure of families appear to be significant influences on youth drug use . A strong maternal bond offers the greatest protection against developing drug habits. ”McArdle said in a statement.

　　The rate of drug abuse among teenagers living with both parents and who had a good relationship with their mother was 16 .6 percent. If either factor was missing the drug abuse rate rose to 32 percent.

　　More than 42 percent of teenagers living in one parent families who did not have a strong bond with their mother used drugs.

　　Drug prevention campaigns in British schools and on television warn teenagers about the danger of drugs and alcohol but McArdle said no one is tackling the issue of parental responsibility.

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　　練習題：

　　Ⅰ. Fill in the blanks with the words a nd exp re ssions from the p assa ge a ccording to

　　the Chine se me aning in the bra ckets:

　　1. A ( 十幾歲的人) is a boy or girl between 13 and 19 years old.

　　2. A ( 障礙) is something prevent you from being successful.

　　3. A ( 問卷) is a list of questions.

　　4. ( 重要的) means important.

　　5. A ( 聯系, 關系) is a close relationship between people .

　　Ⅱ. Question :

　　How many countries did the report involve in?

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　　參考答案

　　Ⅰ. 1. teenager 2. barrier 3 . questionnaire 4 . Significant 5 . bond

　　Ⅱ. Five : England, Ireland, Italy, Germany and the Netherlands.

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　　參考譯文：

　　母愛新用途———預防吸毒

　　一 位慈愛的母親在預防青少年吸毒和酗酒中扮演著最重要的角色。

　　一項國際研究表明, 生活在雙親家庭的青少年發生酗酒和吸毒現象的幾率比較小, 不過這要歸功于母親的嚴格管教, 這可是杜絕青少年不良現象的最有效方法。主持這項研究的是英國北部紐卡斯爾大學的保羅· 麥卡德爾博士, 他說:“ 這些研究發現表明, 如果青少年中的毒品傳播現象不是非常嚴重的話, 生活在雙親家庭的青少年就可能杜絕吸毒現象⋯ ⋯ 對家庭的眷戀, 特別是對母親的依戀對于防止青少年吸毒是很有效的, 而且在各種文化中都是這樣的。”

　　這份發表在《上癮》周刊上的研究報告對來自英國、愛爾蘭、意大利、德國和荷蘭的近4000 名青少年進行了調查。這些青少年接受的調查內容包括對大麻、安非他明、興奮劑、迷幻藥、鎮靜劑等藥物的服用和酗酒的情況。

　　此外, 這些接受調查的青少年還填寫了關于自己和父母以及祖父母關系的調查表, 問題涉及的內容主要是關于放學后家人對他們的監督情況以及是否允許他們在家里接待朋友等等。

　　麥卡德爾認為:“ 家庭結構和家庭關系的質量對于青少年使用藥物的影響是舉足輕重的, 其中母親的監督是最能有效防止青少年濫用禁用藥品的。”

　　在有著濫用禁用藥品惡習的青少年中, 生活在雙親家庭中并且和母親關系良好的青少年只占了16 .6% 。然而一旦上述兩個條件之中缺失了任何一個, 這個數字就會上升至32% 。

　　超過42% 生活在單親家庭, 和母親關系疏遠的青少年存在著濫用禁用藥品的現象。英國校園和電視中的“ 反藥品運動”對青少年提出了濫用藥品和酗酒的種種危害, 但是麥卡德爾說父母的作用還是最最關鍵的。