Sufficient buoyancy(浮力) to support the wearer should be retained by the life preserver after 48 hours in the water, and it should be reliable even after long period of storage. Thus it should be made of materials resistant to sunlight, gasoline, and oils, and it should be not easily set on fire.?The position in which the life preserver will support a person who jumps or falls into the water is most important, as is its tendency to turn the wearer in the water from a face-down position to an upright or slightly backward position, with his face clear of the water, even when the wearer is exhausted or unconscious.

　　The method of adjustment to the body should be simple, and self-evident to uninitiated persons even in the dark under the confused conditions, which follow a disaster. Thus, the life be reversible that it is nearly impossible to get it on wrong. Catches, straps, and ties should be kept to a minimum. In addition, the life preserver must be adjustable to the wide variety of shapes and sizes of wearers, since this greatly affects the position of floating and the self-righting qualities. A suitable life also be comfortable to wear at all times, in and out of the water, not so heavy as to encourage to take it off on shipboard while the ship is in danger, nor so burdensome that it hinders a person in the water while trying to swim.

　　1. The passage is mainly about____.

　　A) the uses of life preservers

　　B) the design of life preservers

　　C) the materials for life preservers

　　D) the buoyancy of life preservers

　　2. According to the passage, a life be first of all ____.

　　A) adjustable B) comfortable C) self-evident D) self-righting

　　3. United States Coast Guard does NOT require the life preserver to be made ____.

　　A) with as few strings as possible

　　B) capable of being worn on both sides

　　C) according to each wearer's size

　　D) comfortable and light to wear

　　4. By “the uninitiated individual” (Para. 1, Line. 4) the author refers to the person ____.

　　A) who has not been instructed how to use a life preserver

　　B) who has a little experience in using a life preserver

　　C) who uses a life preserver without permission

　　D) who becomes nervous before a disaster

　　5. What would happen if a person were supported by the life preserver in a wrong position?

　　A) The waves would move him backwards.

　　B) The water would choke him.

　　C) He would immediately sink to the bottom.

　　D) He would be exhausted or unconscious.

　　答案與解析：

　　1. B

　　文章主要講述了救生衣的設計。間接題型段首主旨題。C項和D項都是對救生衣設計中設計材料的說明。A項為陷阱，指救生衣的用途，盡管開頭提到，但范圍不著邊際。故只有B是正確選項。

　　2. D

　　根據文章，救生衣首先會自動扶正。事實細節題。本文第三段主要討論救生衣落水位置，應設計的能“自動扶正”,或稍向后仰。B項是對材料的描述，范圍太窄，而A和C不合題意，因此D是正確答案。

　　3. C

　　美國海岸巡邏隊不需要救生衣根據穿戴者的尺寸生產。事實細節題。A項和B項都涉及method，其相關部分見最后一段第三句，A，B，D三項都是文章中提及的，C項與本題無關的內容，因此應該選C。

　　4. A

　　“the uninitiated individual”作者指的是不知道怎么使用救生衣的人。語義指代題。根據文章最后一段第一句，我們可推出“the uninitiated individual”就是指的那些不知道怎么使用救生衣的人。故A是正確選項。

　　5. D

　　如果一個人沒有正確使用救生衣，就會發生什么?細節辨別題。第三段第一句后半句中a face-down position和本題中的 in a wrong position相對應。因此選項D“他可能太累了或者是已經失去知覺”是正確答案。

　　英語四級閱讀理解精選訓練二：

　　The table before which we sit may be, as the scientist maintains, composed of dancing atoms, but it does not reveal itself to us as anything of the kind, and it is not with dancing atoms but a solid and motionless object that we live. So remote is this “real” table——and most of the other “realities” with which science deals——that it cannot be discussed in terms which have any human value, and though it may receive our purely intellectual credence it cannot be woven into the pattern of life as it is led, in contradistinction to life as we attempt it. Vibrations in the ether(以太) are so totally unlike the color, purple that the gulf between them cannot be bridged, and they are, to all intents and purposes，not one but two separate things of which the second and less “real” must be the most significant for us. And just as the sensation which has led us to attribute all objective reality to a non-existent thing which we called “purple”is more important for human life than the conception of vibrations of a certain frequency; so too the belief in God; however ill founded, has been more important in the life of man than the germ theory of true the latter may be.

　　We may, if we like, speak of consequence, as certain mystics love to do, of the different levels or orders of truth. We may adopt what is essentially a Platonistic (布拉圖式的) trick of thought and insist upon postulating the existence of external realities which correspond to the needs and modes of human feeling and which, so we may insist, have their being in some part of the universe unreachable by science. But to do so is to make an unwarrantable assumption and to be guilty of the metaphysical fallacy of failing to distinguish between a truth of feeling and that other sort of truth which is described as “truth of correspondence” and it is better perhaps, at least for those of us who have grown up in thought, to steer clear of such confusions and to rest content with the admission that, though the universe with which science deals is the real universe, yet we do not and cannot have any but fleeting and imperfect contacts with it; that the most important part of our lives-our sensations, emotions, desires and aspirations-take place in a universe of illusions which science can attenuate or destroy, but which it is powerless to enrich.

　　1. The author suggests that in order to bridge the puzzling difference between scientific truth and the world of illusion, the reader should____.

　　A) try to rid himself of his world of illusion

　　B) accept his words as being one of illusion

　　C) apply the scientific method

　　D) learn to acknowledge both

　　2. Judging from the ideas and tone of the selection, one may reasonably guess that the author is ____.

　　A) a humanist B) a pantheist C) a nuclear physicist D) a doctor of medicine

　　3. According to this passage, a scientist would conceive of a “table” as being ____.

　　A) a solid motionless object

　　B) certain characteristic vibrations in “ether”

　　C) a form fixed in space and time

　　D) a mass of atoms in motion

　　4. The topic of this selection is____.

　　A) the distortion of reality by science

　　B) the confusion caused by emotions

　　C) Platonic and contemporary views of truth

　　D) the place of scientific truth in our lives

　　5. By “objective reality” (Last line, Para. 1) the author means____.

　　A) scientific reality

　　B) a symbolic existence

　　C) the viewer's experience

　　D) reality colored by emotion

　　答案與解析：

　　1. B

　　作者暗示為了聯系起科學世界和虛幻世界的不同點，把他的話當作一種假相。間接題型段尾結論題。根據第二段最后一句話，我們可推出B是正確答案。

　　2. A

　　由文章的觀點及語氣可推知作者是人文主義者。暗示推斷題。文中第一段第一句后半句提到“...but a solid and motionless object that we live”由此我們可以推出該作者是一位人文主義者。

　　3. D

　　根據文章，科學家相信“table”就是一群運動的原子。直接題型語義指代題。根據第一段第一 句的前半句“...but it does not reveal itself to us as anything of the kind, and it is not with dancing atoms ...”我們可推出D是正確答案。

　　4. D

　　文章的主題為生活中科學真理的地位。段首主旨題。從第二段最后一句后半句“...that the most important part of our lives-our sensations, emotions, desires and aspirations-takes place in a universe of illusions which science can attenuate or destroy, but which it is powerless to enrich.”我們可以推斷出本文只要講了科學真理在現實生活中的地位。因而答案應選D。

　　5. A

　　對于作者，“objective reality”意味著科學現實。語義指代題。根據文章最后一段，我們可得知“objective reality”即科學現實的意思，因而，答案應該選A。