Thousands of years ago man used handy rocks for his surgical operations.Later he used sharp bone or horn, metal knives and more recently, rubber and plastic and that was where we stuck，in surgical instrument terms，for many years.In the l960s a new tool was developed，one which was，first of all，to be of great practical use to the armed forces and industry, but which was also，in time，to revolutionize the art and science of surgery,

　　The tool is the laser and it is being used by more and more surgeons all over the world，for a very large number of different complaints.The word“laser”means：light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation.As we all know,light is hot，any source of light—from the sun itself down to a humble match burning—will give warmth.But light is usually spread out over a wide area.The Light in a laser beam，however，is concentrated.This means that a light with no more power than that produced by an ordinary electric light bulb becomes intensely strong as it is concentrated to a pinpoint-sized beam.

　　Experiments with these pinpoint beams showed researchers that different energy sources produce beams that have a particular effect on certain living cells.It is now possible for eye surgeons to operate on the back of human eye without harming the front of the eye，simply by passing a laser beam right though the eye-ball.No knives，no stitches，no unwanted damage—a true surgical wonder. Operations which once left patients exhausted and in need of long period of recovery time now leave them feeling relaxed and comfortable。So much more difficult operations can now be tried.

　　The rapid development of laser techniques in the past ten years has made it clear that the future is likely to be very exciting.Perhaps some cancers will be treated with laser in a way that makes surgery not only safer but also more effective.Altogether, tomorrow may see more and more information coming to light on the diseases which can be treated medically.

　　56.Which of the following is NOT a tool used for surgical operations before the 1960s?

　　A)Bone.

　　B)Metal knives.

　　C) Scissors.

　　D)Rubber and plastic.

　　57.The appearance of the laser in the l960s results in_____.

　　A)a complete revolution in the，science of surgical techniques

　　B) an end to pain brought by all diseases

　　C) medical help accessible to more common people

　　D) complete changes in man’s approach to surgery

　　58.What is the reason mentioned in the passage that the laser beam is so strong?

　　A) It sends out light to cover a wide area.

　　B)It has many sources of light.

　　C) It is a highly concentrated beam of light.

　　D)The source of its heat comes from the sun.

　　59.The author cites the example of eye surgeons to illustrate that

　　A) pinpoint beams have an extensive energy source

　　B) pinpoint beams with different sources have different effects

　　C) pinpoint beams have effects on living cells

　　D)pinpoint beams enable surgeons to do the most different operation

　　60.The rapid development of laser techniques means that

　　A) in another ten years we shall be able to cure cancer

　　B) we shall be capable of treating all the diseases

　　C) patients do not have to suffer any pain

　　D) surgery is likely to improve considerably

　　Questions 61 to 65 are based on the following passage.

　　Most people would agree that，although our age exceeds all previous ages in knowledge，there has been no corresponding increase in wisdom.But agreement ceases as soon as we attempt to define“wisdom” and consider means of promoting it.

　　There are several factors that contribute to wisdom.Of these I should put first a sense of proportion：the capacity to take account of all the important factors in a problem and to attach to each its due weight.This has become more difficult than it used to be owing to the extent and complexity of the special knowledge required of various kinds of technicians.Suppose，for example，that you are engaged in research in scientific medicine.

　　The work is difficult and is likely to absorb the whole of your mind.You have no time to consider the effect which your discoveries or inventions may have outside the field of medicine.You succeed(let us say)as modem medicine has succeeded，in enormously lowering the infant death—rate，not only in Europe and America，but also in Asia and Africa.This has the entirely unintended result of making the food supply inadequate and lowering the standard of life in the parts of the world that have the greatest populations.To take an even more dramatic example，which is in everybody’s mind at the present time：you study the makeup of the atom from a disinterested(無利害關(guān)系的)desire for knowledge，and by chance place in the hands of a powerful mad man the means of destroying the human race.

　　Therefore，with every increase of knowledge and skill，wisdom becomes more necessary, for every such increase augments(增強)our capacity for realizing our purposes，and therefore augments our capacity for evil，if our purposes are unwise.

　　61.Disagreement arises when people try to decide

　　A)how much more wisdom we have now than before

　　B)what wisdom is and how to develop it，

　　C)if there is a great increase of wisdom in our age

　　D)whether wisdom can be developed or not

　　62.According to the author, “wisdom” is the ability to______

　　A)carefully consider the bad effects of any kind of research work

　　B)give each important problem some careful consideration

　　C)acquire a great deal of complex and special knowledge

　　D)give suitable consideration to all the possible elements in a problem

　　63.Lowering the infant death-rate may____

　　A)prove to be helpful everywhere in the world

　　B)give rise to an increase in population in Europe

　　C)cause food shortages in Asia and Africa

　　D)raise the living standard of the people in Africa

　　64.The author uses the examples in the passage to illustrate his point that

　　A)it’s extremely difficult to consider all the important elements in problem

　　B)success in medical research has its negative effects

　　C)scientists may unknowingly cause destruction to the human race

　　D)it’s unwise to be totally absorbed in research in scientific medicine

　　65.What is the main idea of the passage?

　　A)It is unwise to place the results of scientific research in the hands of a powerful mad man.

　　B)The more knowledge one has，the wiser one becomes.

　　C)Any increase of knowledge could lead to disastrous results without the guidance of Wisdom.

　　D)Wisdom increases in proportion to one’s age.