Normally, in hot regions where the sun is very strong, the ocean salinity is somewhat higher than it is in other parts of the world where there is not as much evaporation. Similarly, in coastal regions where rivers dilute the sea, salinity is somewhat lower than in other oceanic areas.

　　A third process by which salinity may be altered is associated with the formation and melting of sea ice. When seawater is frozen, the dissolved materials are left behind.. In this manner, seawater directly beneath freshly formed sea ice has a higher salinity than it did before the ice appeared. Of course, when this ice melts, it will tend to decrease the salinity of the surrounding water.

　　In the Weddell Sea, the densest water in the ocean is formed as a result of this freezing process, which increases the salinity of cold water. This heavy water sinks and is found in the deeper portion of the oceans of the world.

　　26. This passage mainly tells us about_______.

　　A. the analysis of the salinity of ocean waters

　　B. the causes of the variation in oceanic salinity

　　C. the importance of the changes in oceanic salinity

　　D. the different forms of salts in ocean waters

　　27.It can be known from the passage that increase in the salinity of ocean water is caused

　　by______.

　　A. melting of sea ice B. precipitation

　　C. evaporation D. supplement of salt

　　28.Which of the following is not the cause of the decrease in the oceanic salinity?

　　A. Precipitation. B. Rain and snow.

　　C. Formation of ice. D. Addition of water by rivers.

　　29.Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage?

　　A. Oceanic salinity has great effect on sea life.

　　B. Many factors combine to cause changes in oceanic salinity.

　　C. The movement of the water is related to the amount of salt.

　　D. The temperature of the water has much to do with the oceanic salinity.

　　30.The purpose of mentioning the Weddell Sea is_______.

　　A. to give an example of cold-water salinity

　　B. to point out the location of deep waters

　　C. to make a comparison between hot-water salinity and cold-water salinity

　　D. to show that the water in the Weddell Sea varies in salinity from place to place

　　答案：

　　26. B 27. C 28. C 29. D 30. A

　　It is well known that when an individual joins a group he tends to accept the group's standards of behavior and thinking. Many illustrations (例證) could be given of this from everyday life, but what is of particular interest to psychologists is the extent to which people's judgments and opinions can be changed as a result of group pressure. Asch and others noticed that people in a group will agree to statements that are contrary to the evidence of their senses. It would be a mistake to think that only particular changeable people are chosen to take part in experiments of this type. Usually highly intelligent and independent people are used.

　　In a typical experiment, this is what may happen. The experimenter asks for volunteers to join a group which is investigating visual perception. The victims are not, therefore, aware of the real purpose of the experiment. Each volunteer is taken to a room where he finds a group of about seven people who are collaborating(合作) with the experimenter. The group is shown a standard card which contains a single line. They are then asked to look at a second card. This has three lines on it. One is obviously longer than the line on the first card, one is shorter and one the same length. They have to say which line on the second card is the same length as the line on the standard card. The other members of the group answer first but what the volunteer does not know is that they have been told to pick one of the wrong lines. When his turn comes he is faced with the unanimous (一致的 ) opinion of the rest of the group—all the others have chosen line A but he quite clearly sees line B as correct. What will he do? According to Asch, more than half of the victims chosen will change their opinion. What is equally surprising is that, when interviewed about their answers, most explained that they know the group choice was incorrect but that they yield to the pressure of the group because they thought they must be suffering from an optical illusion, or because they were afraid of being different.

　　26. The psychologists are particularly interested in_______.

　　A. the changes in the attitudes of the people

　　B. the degree of changes of people's opinions

　　C. the result of the experiment

　　D. the difference in people's characters

　　27. People who are usually chosen to take part in the experiments are_______.

　　A. stubborn and independent B. intelligent

　　C. ignorant and docile D. capable of reasoning

　　28. Which of the following statements is TRUE?

　　A. The experimenter and all the members of the group except the victim know the purpose of the experiment.

　　B. All of them know the purpose of the experiment.

　　C. Only the experimenter knows the purpose of the experiment.

　　D. Only the victim knows the purpose of the experiment.

　　29. More than half of the victims changed their opinion because_______.

　　A. someone in the group changed their opinion

　　B. they thought their eyes must be deceived

　　C. they thought the group choice was correct.

　　D. they had been told about the answer

　　30. The purpose of the author in writing this passage is to_______.

　　A. illustrate the influence of the group's pressure on individual's behavior

　　B. invite more volunteers to join in Asch's experiment

　　C. tell the audience how to perform psychological experiment

　　D. encourage people to act against the group's opinion

　　答案

　　26. B 27. D 28. C 29. B 30. A