An international study showed that teenagers living with both parents are less likely to sufferfrom alcohol and drug problems but a strong maternal2 bond is the most effective barrier tosubstance abuse.

　　"These findings suggest that living with both parents may inhibit drug use but only ifavailability through peer networks3 is not very high,"said Dr. Paul McArdle, of NewcastleUniversity in northern England, who led the study. "They also suggest thatattachment,particularly to mothers, is a more potent inhibitor and that this is truly acrosscultures and substances."

　　The report, which is published in the journal Addiction, involved nearly 4 , 000 teenagers inEngland, Ireland, Italy, Germany and the Netherlands. They were questioned about their use ofcannabis, amphetamines, ecstasy, LSD4, tranquilizers5 and alcohol.

　　The teenagers also filled in questionnaires about their relationship with their parents andgrandparents, how well they were supervised after school and whether they were allowed tomeet friends at home.

　　"Both the quality of family relationships and the structure of families appear to be significantinfluences on youth drug use. A strong maternal bond offers the greatest protection againstdeveloping drug habits."McArdle said in a statement.

　　The rate of drug abuse among teenagers living with both parents and who had a goodrelationship with their mother was 16.6 percent. If either factor was missing the drug abuserate rose to 32 percent.

　　More than 42 percent of teenagers living in one parent families who did not have a strong bondwith their mother used drugs.

　　Drug prevention campaigns in British schools and on television warn teenagers about thedanger of drugs and alcohol but McArdle said no one is tackling the issue of parentalresponsibility.

　　練習題：

　　Ⅰ. Fill in the blanks with the words a nd expressions from the passage a ccording tothe Chinese meaning in the bracket:

　　1. A ( 十幾歲的人) is a boy or girl between 13 and 19 years old.

　　2. A ( 障礙) is something prevent you from being successful.

　　3. A ( 問卷) is a list of questions.

　　4. ( 重要的) means important.

　　5. A ( 聯系, 關系) is a close relationship between people .

　　Ⅱ. Question:

　　How many countries did the report involve in?

　　Ⅰ. 1. teenager 2. barrier 3 . questionnaire 4 . Significant 5 . bond

　　Ⅱ. Five : England, Ireland, Italy, Germany and the Netherlands.

　　母愛新用途———預防吸毒

　　一位慈愛的母親在預防青少年吸毒和酗酒中扮演著最重要的角色。

　　一項國際研究表明, 生活在雙親家庭的青少年發生酗酒和吸毒現象的幾率比較小, 不過這要歸功于母親的嚴格管教, 這可是杜絕青少年不良現象的最有效方法。主持這項研究的是英國北部紐卡斯爾大學的保羅· 麥卡德爾博士, 他說:“ 這些研究發現表明, 如果青少年中的毒品傳播現象不是非常嚴重的話, 生活在雙親家庭的青少年就可能杜絕吸毒現象… … 對家庭的眷戀, 特別是對母親的依戀對于防止青少年吸毒是很有效的, 而且在各種文化中都是這樣的。”

　　這份發表在《上癮》周刊上的研究報告對來自英國、愛爾蘭、意大利、德國和荷蘭的近4000 名青少年進行了調查。這些青少年接受的調查內容包括對大麻、安非他明、興奮劑、迷幻藥、鎮靜劑等藥物的服用和酗酒的情況。

　　此外, 這些接受調查的青少年還填寫了關于自己和父母以及祖父母關系的調查表, 問題涉及的內容主要是關于放學后家人對他們的監督情況以及是否允許他們在家里接待朋友等等。

　　麥卡德爾認為:“ 家庭結構和家庭關系的質量對于青少年使用藥物的影響是舉足輕重的, 其中母親的監督是最能有效防止青少年濫用禁用藥品的。”

　　在有著濫用禁用藥品惡習的青少年中, 生活在雙親家庭中并且和母親關系良好的青少年只占了16 .6% 。然而一旦上述兩個條件之中缺失了任何一個, 這個數字就會上升至32% 。

　　超過42% 生活在單親家庭, 和母親關系疏遠的青少年存在著濫用禁用藥品的現象。英國校園和電視中的“ 反藥品運動”對青少年提出了濫用藥品和酗酒的種種危害, 但是麥卡德爾說父母的作用還是最最關鍵的。

　　1. 毒品和酒類容易使人上癮。我們都知道毒癮的可怕, 但是中國的酒文化往往忽視酒癮的可怕, 媒體上曾經有過成功戒除酒癮的報道, 但是這人的戒酒之路絲毫不亞于戒毒。我們還是要牢記朱熹的家訓:“ 莫貪意外之財, 莫飲過量之酒。”

　　2. maternal n. 母系的, 母親的。參考: paternal ( 父親的) ; fraternal ( 兄弟的, 兄弟般的) 。

　　3. 同輩, 同事, 伙伴所組成的小圈子。這里不要理解為我們先前注釋過的“貴族網絡”。

　　4. 即lysergic acid diethylamide ( 麥角酸二乙基醯胺, 一種麻醉藥物) 。常見的毒品有: cocaine( 可卡因, 古柯堿) ; heroin ( 海洛因) ; opium ( 鴉片) ; marijuana = marihuana ( 印度大麻) ;ephedrine ( 麻黃堿, 搖頭丸的主要成分) 。

　　5. 源自tranquil ( 平靜的, 安靜的, 鎮靜的, 穩定的) ; tranquilize v. ( 使) 鎮定, ( 使) 安定。