英語(yǔ)四級(jí)考試題型之聽(tīng)力短對(duì)話解題技巧
時(shí)間：
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四級(jí)聽(tīng)力
大學(xué)英語(yǔ)四級(jí)考試中聽(tīng)力短對(duì)話的話題基本是衣、食、住、行等日常生活中常見(jiàn)的話題或與學(xué)校生活相關(guān)的話題。例如:2006年12月四級(jí)考試中的聽(tīng)力短對(duì)話出現(xiàn)了圣誕節(jié)禮物、喜愛(ài)的食物、買歌劇門票以及會(huì)說(shuō)幾種語(yǔ)言等話題。聽(tīng)力短對(duì)話雖然短小,但是不應(yīng)忽視,如果掌握方法,這部分得高分還是很容易的。要答好這部分題目,首先要區(qū)分說(shuō)話者的性別,其次是弄清說(shuō)話者的觀點(diǎn),最后再排除干擾項(xiàng),得出答案。下面我們首先來(lái)看看聽(tīng)力短對(duì)話的常考題型和提問(wèn)方式,再根據(jù)它們的特點(diǎn)分析一下短對(duì)話的解題技巧。
一、短對(duì)話的題型大體上分為以下五類:1. 時(shí)間類:這類題目經(jīng)常以when來(lái)提問(wèn)。
例如:W: Your library books are due on December 13th. If you have not finished using them by then, you may renew them once.
M: Thank you very much. I only need them for a few days.
Q: When must the man return his books to the library?
2. 地點(diǎn)及場(chǎng)所類:經(jīng)常以where提問(wèn),比如問(wèn)對(duì)話發(fā)生的地點(diǎn)。這類題在聽(tīng)力對(duì)話題中比較簡(jiǎn)單,考生只需掌握表示地點(diǎn)及方位的介詞短語(yǔ),抓住其中的關(guān)鍵場(chǎng)景特點(diǎn),就能辨認(rèn)出對(duì)話發(fā)生的場(chǎng)所。當(dāng)你聽(tīng)到boarding一詞的時(shí)候,應(yīng)該馬上聯(lián)想到機(jī)場(chǎng)。
例如:M: I need to cash this check?
W: Will you step right over to the teller’s window, please?
Q: Where is the conversation most probably taking place?
3. 數(shù)字類:一般來(lái)說(shuō)需要進(jìn)行簡(jiǎn)單的換算,這類題目比較簡(jiǎn)單,是聽(tīng)力中的拿分題。
例如:W: Do you live in a college dormitory?
M: Yes, I do. It’s a six-man suite, but at the moment only four of us live there.
Q: How many people share the suite now?
4. 人物關(guān)系及身份類:此類對(duì)話提供一個(gè)情節(jié),能反映所涉及人的關(guān)系或身份。人物關(guān)系及身份類題型幾乎每次考試都會(huì)出現(xiàn),我們可以通過(guò)抓關(guān)鍵的特征詞來(lái)判斷。四級(jí)聽(tīng)力中常見(jiàn)的人物關(guān)系及身份有teacher and student, librarian and student, shop assistant and customer, doctor and patient, waiter (waitress) and customer。
5. 活動(dòng)類:這一類談話內(nèi)容可涉及上課、娛樂(lè)、工作、日常生活等各種情況。
例如:M: Professor Smith asked me to go to his office after class. So it’s impossible for me to make it to the bar at ten.
W: Then it seems that we’ll have to meet an hour later at the library.
Q: What will the man do first after class?
二、短對(duì)話的提問(wèn)方式通常包括以下六種:
1. 問(wèn)"是什么、要什么"等。例如:
What is the man’s answer? What does the woman want for lunch?
What kind of books does the man want to borrow?
2. 問(wèn)"做什么"。例如:
What will the man do first after class? What does the woman tell the man to do first?
What will happen if John fails the exam?
What does the woman want the man to do?What would the woman most probably do?
3. 問(wèn)"什么含義"。例如:
What does the woman mean?
What does the man mean (imply)?
What does the woman’s answer suggest?
4. 問(wèn)"從對(duì)話中能獲得什么信息或結(jié)論"。例如:
What do we learn from the conversation?
What do we learn about John from the conversation?
What do we learn about the taxi driver?
5. 問(wèn)"對(duì)某人或某事有什么看法"。例如:
What does the man think of Miss Brown?
What does the woman think of the plan?
6. 問(wèn)"對(duì)話可能是在什么場(chǎng)所發(fā)生的"。例如:
Where does this conversation most probably take place?
Where does this conversation most likely occur?
Where are the man and the woman?
總之,短對(duì)話的提問(wèn)方式通常是特殊疑問(wèn)句。除了以上這些提問(wèn)方式,通常還有提問(wèn)時(shí)間、提問(wèn)人物關(guān)系及身份、提問(wèn)數(shù)字等。無(wú)論是哪種提問(wèn)方式,都是和聽(tīng)力的對(duì)話內(nèi)容和題目類型相對(duì)應(yīng)的,只要我們把握了對(duì)話的重要考試&大信息就可以快速正確地選出答案。
三、短對(duì)話的四個(gè)解題技巧:
1. 可以利用錄音正式開(kāi)始之前的幾分鐘——播放考試說(shuō)明的時(shí)間,快速瀏覽選項(xiàng),對(duì)所談?wù)摰脑掝}和相關(guān)的信息有個(gè)大概的了解。比如看到下面的選項(xiàng):
A) At the airport.
B) In a restaurant.
C) In a booking office.
D) At the hotel reception.
我們就可以推斷這個(gè)題目很可能問(wèn)的是對(duì)話發(fā)生的地點(diǎn),屬于地點(diǎn)類題型。所以我們?cè)诼?tīng)的時(shí)候就要特別注意談話的環(huán)境和對(duì)話中出現(xiàn)的關(guān)于場(chǎng)所的詞語(yǔ)。在平時(shí)的學(xué)習(xí)中應(yīng)掌握一些常用的句型。比如向他人提出建議或請(qǐng)求時(shí),往往采用委婉的方式來(lái)表達(dá)。
表示建議的常用句型:If I were you, I’ll ...Why don’t you ...? How about ...? Maybe you’d better ...Perhaps we can ...
表示請(qǐng)求的常用句型:I wonder if you ...Would / Could you tell me ...?I’ll appreciate it if you ...
2. 另外我們可以邊聽(tīng)邊做速記,當(dāng)遇到一時(shí)難以判斷的題時(shí),可以等聽(tīng)力結(jié)束后再回過(guò)頭來(lái)仔細(xì)推敲,避免在某一題上花太多時(shí)間。遇到內(nèi)容較復(fù)雜的談話時(shí),記在不同選項(xiàng)旁的關(guān)鍵詞可以幫助我們很快找到正確答案。比如在解答有關(guān)數(shù)字類的題目時(shí),速記就顯得尤為重要。
3. 在把握細(xì)節(jié)的基礎(chǔ)上,我們要全面掌握整體意思,排除貌合神考試&大離的選項(xiàng)。在所提供的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中,有三個(gè)是干擾項(xiàng),干擾項(xiàng)的設(shè)計(jì)通常是提供一個(gè)讀音與對(duì)話中某一詞組十分相似的選項(xiàng)或提供一個(gè)在對(duì)話中出現(xiàn)過(guò)的詞,以達(dá)到干擾效果。例如:
M: Registration always takes so long.
W: What bothers me is all the people who cut in line.
Q: What bothers the woman?
A) Registration.
B) When the line breaks.
C) How long the line is.
D) People who don’t wait their turn.
其中,B)、C)兩項(xiàng)都出現(xiàn)了"line"一詞,這是在對(duì)話中出現(xiàn)過(guò)的,許多考生可能被誤導(dǎo)選B),而實(shí)際上讓女士厭煩的是"people who cut in line",因此選項(xiàng)D)"People who don’t wait their turn"才是正確的。
4. 最后需要指出的很重要的一點(diǎn)是:做聽(tīng)力題時(shí),要注意談話的環(huán)境,重點(diǎn)聽(tīng)主要信息和目的,不要試圖聽(tīng)清每一個(gè)詞。聽(tīng)力測(cè)試的設(shè)題目的是考查我們對(duì)于對(duì)話主要內(nèi)容的全面把握,而不是像聽(tīng)寫一樣,去聽(tīng)清每一個(gè)詞。
Try out
1. W: Carol made up for the time she missed by working overtime.
M: That’s why I saw her working the weekend shift.
Q: What did Carol do?
A) Missed her friends. B) Worked over the weekend.
C) Made up a story. D) Timed her job.
2. W: How about Mike? Have you seen him after the big earthquake?
M: Yes, he is physically sound, but he won’t talk to anybody and he is very afraid of the night.
Q: What do we learn about Mike?
A) He is healthy.
B) He doesn’t like sound.
C) He lacks sleep.
D) He has psychological problems.
3. W: Donna’s birthday is around the corner. What should I give her as a present?
M: Well, she’s interested in fashion and you know nothing about fashion. So, you could just cook a dinner for her. That is much easier for you.
Q: What does the man imply?
A) The woman is very ignorant.
B) Donna is a shallow girl.
C) Cooking is more interesting than fashion.
D) The woman is good at cooking.
答案&解析
1. B)。此題中的選項(xiàng)C)"Made up a story."即是利用對(duì)話中出現(xiàn)過(guò)的詞組迷惑考生的,而從Man的談話中,我們知道Carol worked "the weekend shift",即"worked over the weekend"。故選B)。
2. D)。原文中說(shuō)到Mike身體很好,但是不和別人說(shuō)話而且很害怕夜晚,可考試&大見(jiàn)他的心理由于地震產(chǎn)生了一些問(wèn)題。故選D)。
3. D)。原文中Man說(shuō)"That is much easier for you."that是指"cook a dinner for her",可見(jiàn),Man的意思是說(shuō)Woman更擅長(zhǎng)做飯。故選D)。
一、短對(duì)話的題型大體上分為以下五類:1. 時(shí)間類:這類題目經(jīng)常以when來(lái)提問(wèn)。
例如:W: Your library books are due on December 13th. If you have not finished using them by then, you may renew them once.
M: Thank you very much. I only need them for a few days.
Q: When must the man return his books to the library?
2. 地點(diǎn)及場(chǎng)所類:經(jīng)常以where提問(wèn),比如問(wèn)對(duì)話發(fā)生的地點(diǎn)。這類題在聽(tīng)力對(duì)話題中比較簡(jiǎn)單,考生只需掌握表示地點(diǎn)及方位的介詞短語(yǔ),抓住其中的關(guān)鍵場(chǎng)景特點(diǎn),就能辨認(rèn)出對(duì)話發(fā)生的場(chǎng)所。當(dāng)你聽(tīng)到boarding一詞的時(shí)候,應(yīng)該馬上聯(lián)想到機(jī)場(chǎng)。
例如:M: I need to cash this check?
W: Will you step right over to the teller’s window, please?
Q: Where is the conversation most probably taking place?
3. 數(shù)字類:一般來(lái)說(shuō)需要進(jìn)行簡(jiǎn)單的換算,這類題目比較簡(jiǎn)單,是聽(tīng)力中的拿分題。
例如:W: Do you live in a college dormitory?
M: Yes, I do. It’s a six-man suite, but at the moment only four of us live there.
Q: How many people share the suite now?
4. 人物關(guān)系及身份類:此類對(duì)話提供一個(gè)情節(jié),能反映所涉及人的關(guān)系或身份。人物關(guān)系及身份類題型幾乎每次考試都會(huì)出現(xiàn),我們可以通過(guò)抓關(guān)鍵的特征詞來(lái)判斷。四級(jí)聽(tīng)力中常見(jiàn)的人物關(guān)系及身份有teacher and student, librarian and student, shop assistant and customer, doctor and patient, waiter (waitress) and customer。
5. 活動(dòng)類:這一類談話內(nèi)容可涉及上課、娛樂(lè)、工作、日常生活等各種情況。
例如:M: Professor Smith asked me to go to his office after class. So it’s impossible for me to make it to the bar at ten.
W: Then it seems that we’ll have to meet an hour later at the library.
Q: What will the man do first after class?
二、短對(duì)話的提問(wèn)方式通常包括以下六種:
1. 問(wèn)"是什么、要什么"等。例如:
What is the man’s answer? What does the woman want for lunch?
What kind of books does the man want to borrow?
2. 問(wèn)"做什么"。例如:
What will the man do first after class? What does the woman tell the man to do first?
What will happen if John fails the exam?
What does the woman want the man to do?What would the woman most probably do?
3. 問(wèn)"什么含義"。例如:
What does the woman mean?
What does the man mean (imply)?
What does the woman’s answer suggest?
4. 問(wèn)"從對(duì)話中能獲得什么信息或結(jié)論"。例如:
What do we learn from the conversation?
What do we learn about John from the conversation?
What do we learn about the taxi driver?
5. 問(wèn)"對(duì)某人或某事有什么看法"。例如:
What does the man think of Miss Brown?
What does the woman think of the plan?
6. 問(wèn)"對(duì)話可能是在什么場(chǎng)所發(fā)生的"。例如:
Where does this conversation most probably take place?
Where does this conversation most likely occur?
Where are the man and the woman?
總之,短對(duì)話的提問(wèn)方式通常是特殊疑問(wèn)句。除了以上這些提問(wèn)方式,通常還有提問(wèn)時(shí)間、提問(wèn)人物關(guān)系及身份、提問(wèn)數(shù)字等。無(wú)論是哪種提問(wèn)方式,都是和聽(tīng)力的對(duì)話內(nèi)容和題目類型相對(duì)應(yīng)的,只要我們把握了對(duì)話的重要考試&大信息就可以快速正確地選出答案。
三、短對(duì)話的四個(gè)解題技巧:
1. 可以利用錄音正式開(kāi)始之前的幾分鐘——播放考試說(shuō)明的時(shí)間,快速瀏覽選項(xiàng),對(duì)所談?wù)摰脑掝}和相關(guān)的信息有個(gè)大概的了解。比如看到下面的選項(xiàng):
A) At the airport.
B) In a restaurant.
C) In a booking office.
D) At the hotel reception.
我們就可以推斷這個(gè)題目很可能問(wèn)的是對(duì)話發(fā)生的地點(diǎn),屬于地點(diǎn)類題型。所以我們?cè)诼?tīng)的時(shí)候就要特別注意談話的環(huán)境和對(duì)話中出現(xiàn)的關(guān)于場(chǎng)所的詞語(yǔ)。在平時(shí)的學(xué)習(xí)中應(yīng)掌握一些常用的句型。比如向他人提出建議或請(qǐng)求時(shí),往往采用委婉的方式來(lái)表達(dá)。
表示建議的常用句型:If I were you, I’ll ...Why don’t you ...? How about ...? Maybe you’d better ...Perhaps we can ...
表示請(qǐng)求的常用句型:I wonder if you ...Would / Could you tell me ...?I’ll appreciate it if you ...
2. 另外我們可以邊聽(tīng)邊做速記,當(dāng)遇到一時(shí)難以判斷的題時(shí),可以等聽(tīng)力結(jié)束后再回過(guò)頭來(lái)仔細(xì)推敲,避免在某一題上花太多時(shí)間。遇到內(nèi)容較復(fù)雜的談話時(shí),記在不同選項(xiàng)旁的關(guān)鍵詞可以幫助我們很快找到正確答案。比如在解答有關(guān)數(shù)字類的題目時(shí),速記就顯得尤為重要。
3. 在把握細(xì)節(jié)的基礎(chǔ)上,我們要全面掌握整體意思,排除貌合神考試&大離的選項(xiàng)。在所提供的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中,有三個(gè)是干擾項(xiàng),干擾項(xiàng)的設(shè)計(jì)通常是提供一個(gè)讀音與對(duì)話中某一詞組十分相似的選項(xiàng)或提供一個(gè)在對(duì)話中出現(xiàn)過(guò)的詞,以達(dá)到干擾效果。例如:
M: Registration always takes so long.
W: What bothers me is all the people who cut in line.
Q: What bothers the woman?
A) Registration.
B) When the line breaks.
C) How long the line is.
D) People who don’t wait their turn.
其中,B)、C)兩項(xiàng)都出現(xiàn)了"line"一詞,這是在對(duì)話中出現(xiàn)過(guò)的,許多考生可能被誤導(dǎo)選B),而實(shí)際上讓女士厭煩的是"people who cut in line",因此選項(xiàng)D)"People who don’t wait their turn"才是正確的。
4. 最后需要指出的很重要的一點(diǎn)是:做聽(tīng)力題時(shí),要注意談話的環(huán)境,重點(diǎn)聽(tīng)主要信息和目的,不要試圖聽(tīng)清每一個(gè)詞。聽(tīng)力測(cè)試的設(shè)題目的是考查我們對(duì)于對(duì)話主要內(nèi)容的全面把握,而不是像聽(tīng)寫一樣,去聽(tīng)清每一個(gè)詞。
Try out
1. W: Carol made up for the time she missed by working overtime.
M: That’s why I saw her working the weekend shift.
Q: What did Carol do?
A) Missed her friends. B) Worked over the weekend.
C) Made up a story. D) Timed her job.
2. W: How about Mike? Have you seen him after the big earthquake?
M: Yes, he is physically sound, but he won’t talk to anybody and he is very afraid of the night.
Q: What do we learn about Mike?
A) He is healthy.
B) He doesn’t like sound.
C) He lacks sleep.
D) He has psychological problems.
3. W: Donna’s birthday is around the corner. What should I give her as a present?
M: Well, she’s interested in fashion and you know nothing about fashion. So, you could just cook a dinner for her. That is much easier for you.
Q: What does the man imply?
A) The woman is very ignorant.
B) Donna is a shallow girl.
C) Cooking is more interesting than fashion.
D) The woman is good at cooking.
答案&解析
1. B)。此題中的選項(xiàng)C)"Made up a story."即是利用對(duì)話中出現(xiàn)過(guò)的詞組迷惑考生的,而從Man的談話中,我們知道Carol worked "the weekend shift",即"worked over the weekend"。故選B)。
2. D)。原文中說(shuō)到Mike身體很好,但是不和別人說(shuō)話而且很害怕夜晚,可考試&大見(jiàn)他的心理由于地震產(chǎn)生了一些問(wèn)題。故選D)。
3. D)。原文中Man說(shuō)"That is much easier for you."that是指"cook a dinner for her",可見(jiàn),Man的意思是說(shuō)Woman更擅長(zhǎng)做飯。故選D)。