自考英語（一）英語語法基礎材料：冠詞
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公共課
冠詞是一種虛詞,用在名詞或名詞詞組的前面,表示名詞是特指還是泛指。冠詞可分為不定冠詞和定冠詞兩種形式。 不定冠詞有 a, an。 定冠詞有 the. 其中, a 用在發音以輔音開頭的名詞之前, 而 an 則 用在 發音以元音開頭的名詞之前。不定冠詞的用法:
1) 表示某一類人或某事物中的任何一個,經常用在第一次提到某人或某物時,用不定冠詞起介紹作用，表示一個。
I gave him a book yesterday.
我昨天給了他一本書。
I am reading an interesting story .
我在讀一本有趣的故事書。
I have got a ticket.
我有一張票。
There is a tree in front of my house.
我的屋前有一棵樹。
2) 表示人或事物的某一種類, 強調整體, 即以其中的一個代表一類。
馬對人類有用。
A bird can fly.
鳥會飛。
A steel worker makes steel.
煉鋼工人煉鋼。
3) 不定冠詞用在事物的"單位"前,如時間, 速度, 價格等意義的名詞之前,表示 "每一"。
We often go to school two times a day.
我們常常一天兩次去學校。
I went to the library once a week at least.
我一星期至少去一次圖書館。
The potato is sold at about 30 fen a jin.
土豆賣三毛錢一斤。
4) 不定冠詞用來指某人某物,但不具體說明任何人或任何物。
A boy came to see you a moment ago.
剛才有一個小孩來找你。
I got this tool in a shop.
我在商店買的這件工具。
We need a car now.
我們現在需要一輛車。
She is ill, she has to see a doctor.
她病了，她得去看病。
5) 不定冠詞用于某些詞組。
a few 幾個 a little 有點
She has a few friends in this city.
她在這個城市中有幾個朋友。
There is a little milk in the bottle.
瓶子里有點牛奶。
Only a few students are in the classroom.
只有幾個學生在教室里。
定冠詞的用法。
1) 定冠詞特指某(些)人或某(些)事物, 以區別于同類中其他的人或事物。
The bag in the desk is mine.
桌子里的書包是我的。
Is this the book you are looking for?
這是你要找的書嗎?
Do you know the man in back?
你知道穿黑色衣服的人是誰嗎？
It is not the car we are looking for.
這不是我們要找的車。
The man has found his child.
那個人找到了他的孩子。
2) 定冠詞用來指上文中已提到過的人或事物。
I bought a book from Xinhua book-shop. The book costs 15 yuan.
我從新華書店買了一本書. 這本書值十五元。
I saw a film yesterday.The film was ended at eight o'clock.
我昨天看了一場電影。電影八點鐘結束的。
Lucy bought a radio yesterday, but she found something was wrong with the radio.
露西昨天買了一臺收音機，但是她發現收音機有問題。
3) 定冠詞用于表示世界上獨一無二的事物或用于自然界現象或方位名詞之前。
the sun the moon the earth the sky the world the winter night
The sun is bigger than the moon.
太陽比月亮大。
I can see a bird in the sky.
我能看到天空中有一只小鳥。
I like to have a walk with the bright moon light in the evening.
我愿晚上在明亮的月光下散步。
4) 定冠詞與單數名詞連用,表示這一類人或物。
The dog is not too danger.
狗不太危險。
The cat is an animal.
貓是一種動物。
The umbrella in the shop is very cheap in this season.
這個季節商店里的雨傘很便宜。
5) 定冠詞與某些形容詞連用,使形容詞名詞化, 表示某一類人。
the poor, the rich, the wounded, the sick, the deaf.
The wounded were brought to the hospital.
受傷者被送到了醫院。
He always helps the poor.
他經常幫助窮人。
The deaf can go to this special school.
耳聾者可以進這所特殊學校上學。
6) 用在序數詞, 形容詞最高級和表示方位的名詞前。
This is the biggest city in China I have ever visited.
這是我在中國參觀的最大的城市。
I saw a plane coming from the east.
我看見一架飛機從東方飛來。
He is the last one to help me.
他不會來幫助我的。
7) 定冠詞用在演奏樂器的名稱和文藝活動,運動場所的名稱前。
The little girl likes to play the violin.
小女孩喜歡拉小提琴。
They are going to the cinema tonight.
他們今晚要去影院看電影。
The theater was on fire last week.
劇院昨天著火了。
8) 定冠詞用在報刊,雜志的名稱的名詞之前。
I am reading the China Daily now.
我現在正讀中國日報。
Have you got the Evening Paper yet?
你拿到晚報了嗎?
The Times is a foreign newspaper.
泰晤士報是一家外國報紙。
The Peking Review is on the desk.
北京周報在桌子上放著。
9) 定冠詞用在江河,海洋,山脈,群島的名稱之前。
We live near the Yellow River.
我們住在黃河邊上。
The Changjiang River is the biggest one in China.
長江是中國最大的河。
The Himalayas is located in Tibet.
喜馬拉雅山位于西藏。
10) 定冠詞用在姓名復數之前,表示一家人。
The Greens is very kind to us.
格林一家人待我們很好。
The Whites like the classic music.
懷特一家喜歡古典音樂。
不用冠詞的場合。
1) 專有名詞,抽象名詞和物質名詞之前一般不用冠詞。
China is a largest country in the world.
中國是世界上最大的國家。
I think water is a kind of food, too.
我認為水也是一種食物。
Cotton feels soft.
棉花摸起來柔軟。
2) 表示日常餐食名詞之前不用冠詞,但如果指具體的飲食時用定冠詞 the。
It's time for breakfast.
該吃早飯了。
What do you have for lunch?
你午飯吃點什么?
The dinner I had at that restaurant was expensive.
我在那家飯店吃的飯很貴。
3) 在季節,月份,星期,節日。球類運動,棋類游戲的名詞之前不用冠詞。
Summer is hot and winter is cold here.
這兒夏天熱冬天冷。
New Year's Day is coming.
新年就要到啦。
Today is the first day of May.
今天是五月的第一天。
We are going to play basketball this afternoon.
今天下午我們要去打籃球。
We don't like bridge very much.
我們不太喜歡橋牌。
4)語言的名稱前不用冠詞。
Can you speak English?
你會講英語嗎？
It's difficult to learn Chinese well.
要學好中文很難。
Tom knows English but he doesn't know French.
湯姆懂英語但不懂法語。
5) 某些固定詞組不用冠詞。
by air, on foot, at night, after school, at home, go to class, in fact, from morning till night.
I'm going to Chicago by air next week.
下周我要乘飛機去芝加哥。
I go to school on foot .
我步行去學校上學。
In fact, I don't know him at all.
實際上，我一點也不認識他。
He is at home today.
他今天在家。
1) 表示某一類人或某事物中的任何一個,經常用在第一次提到某人或某物時,用不定冠詞起介紹作用，表示一個。
I gave him a book yesterday.
我昨天給了他一本書。
I am reading an interesting story .
我在讀一本有趣的故事書。
I have got a ticket.
我有一張票。
There is a tree in front of my house.
我的屋前有一棵樹。
2) 表示人或事物的某一種類, 強調整體, 即以其中的一個代表一類。
馬對人類有用。
A bird can fly.
鳥會飛。
A steel worker makes steel.
煉鋼工人煉鋼。
3) 不定冠詞用在事物的"單位"前,如時間, 速度, 價格等意義的名詞之前,表示 "每一"。
We often go to school two times a day.
我們常常一天兩次去學校。
I went to the library once a week at least.
我一星期至少去一次圖書館。
The potato is sold at about 30 fen a jin.
土豆賣三毛錢一斤。
4) 不定冠詞用來指某人某物,但不具體說明任何人或任何物。
A boy came to see you a moment ago.
剛才有一個小孩來找你。
I got this tool in a shop.
我在商店買的這件工具。
We need a car now.
我們現在需要一輛車。
She is ill, she has to see a doctor.
她病了，她得去看病。
5) 不定冠詞用于某些詞組。
a few 幾個 a little 有點
She has a few friends in this city.
她在這個城市中有幾個朋友。
There is a little milk in the bottle.
瓶子里有點牛奶。
Only a few students are in the classroom.
只有幾個學生在教室里。
定冠詞的用法。
1) 定冠詞特指某(些)人或某(些)事物, 以區別于同類中其他的人或事物。
The bag in the desk is mine.
桌子里的書包是我的。
Is this the book you are looking for?
這是你要找的書嗎?
Do you know the man in back?
你知道穿黑色衣服的人是誰嗎？
It is not the car we are looking for.
這不是我們要找的車。
The man has found his child.
那個人找到了他的孩子。
2) 定冠詞用來指上文中已提到過的人或事物。
I bought a book from Xinhua book-shop. The book costs 15 yuan.
我從新華書店買了一本書. 這本書值十五元。
I saw a film yesterday.The film was ended at eight o'clock.
我昨天看了一場電影。電影八點鐘結束的。
Lucy bought a radio yesterday, but she found something was wrong with the radio.
露西昨天買了一臺收音機，但是她發現收音機有問題。
3) 定冠詞用于表示世界上獨一無二的事物或用于自然界現象或方位名詞之前。
the sun the moon the earth the sky the world the winter night
The sun is bigger than the moon.
太陽比月亮大。
I can see a bird in the sky.
我能看到天空中有一只小鳥。
I like to have a walk with the bright moon light in the evening.
我愿晚上在明亮的月光下散步。
4) 定冠詞與單數名詞連用,表示這一類人或物。
The dog is not too danger.
狗不太危險。
The cat is an animal.
貓是一種動物。
The umbrella in the shop is very cheap in this season.
這個季節商店里的雨傘很便宜。
5) 定冠詞與某些形容詞連用,使形容詞名詞化, 表示某一類人。
the poor, the rich, the wounded, the sick, the deaf.
The wounded were brought to the hospital.
受傷者被送到了醫院。
He always helps the poor.
他經常幫助窮人。
The deaf can go to this special school.
耳聾者可以進這所特殊學校上學。
6) 用在序數詞, 形容詞最高級和表示方位的名詞前。
This is the biggest city in China I have ever visited.
這是我在中國參觀的最大的城市。
I saw a plane coming from the east.
我看見一架飛機從東方飛來。
He is the last one to help me.
他不會來幫助我的。
7) 定冠詞用在演奏樂器的名稱和文藝活動,運動場所的名稱前。
The little girl likes to play the violin.
小女孩喜歡拉小提琴。
They are going to the cinema tonight.
他們今晚要去影院看電影。
The theater was on fire last week.
劇院昨天著火了。
8) 定冠詞用在報刊,雜志的名稱的名詞之前。
I am reading the China Daily now.
我現在正讀中國日報。
Have you got the Evening Paper yet?
你拿到晚報了嗎?
The Times is a foreign newspaper.
泰晤士報是一家外國報紙。
The Peking Review is on the desk.
北京周報在桌子上放著。
9) 定冠詞用在江河,海洋,山脈,群島的名稱之前。
We live near the Yellow River.
我們住在黃河邊上。
The Changjiang River is the biggest one in China.
長江是中國最大的河。
The Himalayas is located in Tibet.
喜馬拉雅山位于西藏。
10) 定冠詞用在姓名復數之前,表示一家人。
The Greens is very kind to us.
格林一家人待我們很好。
The Whites like the classic music.
懷特一家喜歡古典音樂。
不用冠詞的場合。
1) 專有名詞,抽象名詞和物質名詞之前一般不用冠詞。
China is a largest country in the world.
中國是世界上最大的國家。
I think water is a kind of food, too.
我認為水也是一種食物。
Cotton feels soft.
棉花摸起來柔軟。
2) 表示日常餐食名詞之前不用冠詞,但如果指具體的飲食時用定冠詞 the。
It's time for breakfast.
該吃早飯了。
What do you have for lunch?
你午飯吃點什么?
The dinner I had at that restaurant was expensive.
我在那家飯店吃的飯很貴。
3) 在季節,月份,星期,節日。球類運動,棋類游戲的名詞之前不用冠詞。
Summer is hot and winter is cold here.
這兒夏天熱冬天冷。
New Year's Day is coming.
新年就要到啦。
Today is the first day of May.
今天是五月的第一天。
We are going to play basketball this afternoon.
今天下午我們要去打籃球。
We don't like bridge very much.
我們不太喜歡橋牌。
4)語言的名稱前不用冠詞。
Can you speak English?
你會講英語嗎？
It's difficult to learn Chinese well.
要學好中文很難。
Tom knows English but he doesn't know French.
湯姆懂英語但不懂法語。
5) 某些固定詞組不用冠詞。
by air, on foot, at night, after school, at home, go to class, in fact, from morning till night.
I'm going to Chicago by air next week.
下周我要乘飛機去芝加哥。
I go to school on foot .
我步行去學校上學。
In fact, I don't know him at all.
實際上，我一點也不認識他。
He is at home today.
他今天在家。