英語六級語法精析之時態(tài)、語態(tài)
(1)在時間、條件、讓步從句中,一般現(xiàn)在時代替將來時,但要注意區(qū)別從句的類型,如:
I’ll tell him when you will ring again. 我告訴他你什么時候再來電話。(賓語從句) 比較:I’ll tell him when you ring again.你再打電話時我告訴他。(狀語從句)
(2)在make sure, make certain, see (to it) 后的that從句中,謂語動詞用一般現(xiàn)在時代替將來時,如:
See to it that you include in the paper whatever questions they didn’t know the answer to last time.(include 不能用will include或其他形式)
2.完成時是時態(tài)測試的重點,注意與完成時連用的句型和時間狀語:
(1)by/between/up to/till +過去時間、since、by the time/when +表示過去發(fā)生情況的從句,主句用過去完成時。如:
Between 1897 and 1919 at least 29 motion pictures in which artificial beings were portrayed had been produced.
(表示1919年時已發(fā)生的情況)
(2)by +將來時間、by the time/ when +謂語動詞是一般現(xiàn)在時的從句,主句用將來完成時。如:
By the time you arrive in London, we will have stayed in Europe for two weeks.
(3)by now、since +過去時間、in/during/for/over/the past/last few(或具體數(shù)字)years/days/months,主句用現(xiàn)在完成時, 但在it is +具體時間since/before這一句型中,主句更多的時候不用完成時。如:
It is four years since John left school.
(4)在It is the +序數(shù)詞/形容詞最高級+that的定語從句中,謂語動詞常用現(xiàn)在完成時。如:
It isn’t the first time that I have found myself in an embarrassing situation.
(5)在no sooner…than…, hardly/scarcely…when…句型中,主句常用過去完成時。
3.完成進行時指動作在完成時的基礎上還要繼續(xù)下去。如:
The company has been promising a rise in salary for ages, but nothing has happened.
時態(tài)、語態(tài)答題思路:
(1)先根據(jù)選項的區(qū)別點確定考題要點為時態(tài),然后回到題句中尋找給出的或暗示的時間狀語,縮小選擇范圍,進而選出正確答案;
(2)根據(jù)謂語動詞與句子主語或非謂語動詞與其邏輯主語的關系,確定句子是主動語態(tài)還是被動語態(tài)。