主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)與維系動(dòng)詞
時(shí)間：
未知2
語(yǔ)法
系動(dòng)詞連接了主語(yǔ)和補(bǔ)語(yǔ)。這種結(jié)構(gòu)中的補(bǔ)語(yǔ)是說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)性狀的，所以稱為主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。系動(dòng)詞作為實(shí)義動(dòng)詞的一類，具有本身的意義，但是在起到橋梁作用的同時(shí)，有些系動(dòng)詞會(huì)保持本身具有的意義，有些意義則會(huì)減弱或消失。例如：
1. I tasted the soup. ( taste 為及物動(dòng)詞，意思為“品嘗”。)
2. The soup tastes wonderful. (taste 為系動(dòng)詞，意思為“嘗起來(lái)，吃起來(lái)”，意思基本未變。)
3. He went to the cinema yesterday evening. ( go 是不及物動(dòng)詞，意思為“去，走”。)
4. At the news, he went mad. (go為系動(dòng)詞，失去了“go”的原義，意為“變得”。)
另外，英語(yǔ)中還有一定數(shù)量的不及物動(dòng)詞，完全保留了本身的詞匯意義，同時(shí)又發(fā)揮著系動(dòng)詞的功能。它們與主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足成分連用，所以這類詞被稱為“準(zhǔn)系動(dòng)詞”(quasi-linking verb or half-linking verb)。用于“S+Vi+Cs”(S代表主語(yǔ)，Vi代表不及物動(dòng)詞，Cs代表主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ))這一句式的動(dòng)詞都屬于這種用法。有時(shí)，主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)不緊跟系動(dòng)詞，有可能被其它狀語(yǔ)成分隔開(kāi)。以“go”為例：
5. At twenty-four, Tom went half-bald. ( go 為系動(dòng)詞，失去原義。)
6. After midnight, Tom went home bored.( go 為準(zhǔn)系動(dòng)詞，保留原義，但同時(shí)又連接主語(yǔ)“Tom”和主補(bǔ)“bored”，“home”為副詞，表示地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)。)
用于這一句式的補(bǔ)語(yǔ)可以為各種形式，如名詞詞組(NP)，形容詞詞組(AP)，介詞詞組(Pr.P)，和分詞短語(yǔ)(PP)等。現(xiàn)舉例如下：
Type1: S + Vi +Cs (NP)
7. We parted the best friends.
= We were the best friends when we parted.
8. I stand before you today the representative of a family in grief.
= I am the representative of a family in grief when I stand before you today.
類似的動(dòng)詞包括： come (back), die, fall, go, leave 等。
Type2: S + Vi +Cs (AP)
9. They were born poor, lived poor, and poor they died.
= They were poor when they were born; they were poor when they lived; they were poor when they died.
10. She married young.
= She was young when she married.
11. The morning dawned fresh and clear after the storm at night.
= When the morning dawned after the storm at night, it was fresh and clear.
類似的動(dòng)詞包括：arrive, come (back), dawn, fall, leave, lie, marry, return, sit, stand, turn out 等。
Type3: S + Vi +Cs (Pr.P)
12. The parcel arrived in good condition.
= When the parcel arrived, it was in good condition.
13. They separated with feelings alienation.
= They had feelings alienation when they separated.
類似的動(dòng)詞包括：come, die, fall, go, leave, lie, part, return, sit, stand等。
Type4: S + Vi +Cs (P.P)
14. They stood listening to him.
= They stood while they were listening to him.
15. He came home convinced that she was telling the truth.
= He came home and he was convinced that she was telling the truth.
類似的動(dòng)詞包括：arrive, die, fall, go, leave, lie, return, sit 等。
1. I tasted the soup. ( taste 為及物動(dòng)詞，意思為“品嘗”。)
2. The soup tastes wonderful. (taste 為系動(dòng)詞，意思為“嘗起來(lái)，吃起來(lái)”，意思基本未變。)
3. He went to the cinema yesterday evening. ( go 是不及物動(dòng)詞，意思為“去，走”。)
4. At the news, he went mad. (go為系動(dòng)詞，失去了“go”的原義，意為“變得”。)
另外，英語(yǔ)中還有一定數(shù)量的不及物動(dòng)詞，完全保留了本身的詞匯意義，同時(shí)又發(fā)揮著系動(dòng)詞的功能。它們與主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足成分連用，所以這類詞被稱為“準(zhǔn)系動(dòng)詞”(quasi-linking verb or half-linking verb)。用于“S+Vi+Cs”(S代表主語(yǔ)，Vi代表不及物動(dòng)詞，Cs代表主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ))這一句式的動(dòng)詞都屬于這種用法。有時(shí)，主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)不緊跟系動(dòng)詞，有可能被其它狀語(yǔ)成分隔開(kāi)。以“go”為例：
5. At twenty-four, Tom went half-bald. ( go 為系動(dòng)詞，失去原義。)
6. After midnight, Tom went home bored.( go 為準(zhǔn)系動(dòng)詞，保留原義，但同時(shí)又連接主語(yǔ)“Tom”和主補(bǔ)“bored”，“home”為副詞，表示地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)。)
用于這一句式的補(bǔ)語(yǔ)可以為各種形式，如名詞詞組(NP)，形容詞詞組(AP)，介詞詞組(Pr.P)，和分詞短語(yǔ)(PP)等。現(xiàn)舉例如下：
Type1: S + Vi +Cs (NP)
7. We parted the best friends.
= We were the best friends when we parted.
8. I stand before you today the representative of a family in grief.
= I am the representative of a family in grief when I stand before you today.
類似的動(dòng)詞包括： come (back), die, fall, go, leave 等。
Type2: S + Vi +Cs (AP)
9. They were born poor, lived poor, and poor they died.
= They were poor when they were born; they were poor when they lived; they were poor when they died.
10. She married young.
= She was young when she married.
11. The morning dawned fresh and clear after the storm at night.
= When the morning dawned after the storm at night, it was fresh and clear.
類似的動(dòng)詞包括：arrive, come (back), dawn, fall, leave, lie, marry, return, sit, stand, turn out 等。
Type3: S + Vi +Cs (Pr.P)
12. The parcel arrived in good condition.
= When the parcel arrived, it was in good condition.
13. They separated with feelings alienation.
= They had feelings alienation when they separated.
類似的動(dòng)詞包括：come, die, fall, go, leave, lie, part, return, sit, stand等。
Type4: S + Vi +Cs (P.P)
14. They stood listening to him.
= They stood while they were listening to him.
15. He came home convinced that she was telling the truth.
= He came home and he was convinced that she was telling the truth.
類似的動(dòng)詞包括：arrive, die, fall, go, leave, lie, return, sit 等。