常用的前綴和后綴
時間:
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語法
1.常用前綴
aero?:concerning the air or aircraft
plane( 飛機)—aeroplane(飛機)
space(空間, 間隔)—aerospace(航空宇宙)
anti?: against;opposite of
nuclear([核]核子的)—antinuclear(反對使用核武器的)
matter( 物質(zhì))—antimatter(反物質(zhì))
war(戰(zhàn)爭、作戰(zhàn)、 打仗)—antiwar(反戰(zhàn)的, 反對戰(zhàn)爭的)
auto?: of or by oneself
biography(傳記)—autobiography(自傳)
criticism(批評, 批判)—autocriticism(自我反省, 自我檢討)
be?:to treat as the stated thing
friend(朋友, 助手)—befriend(待人如友, 幫助)
little(很少的, 矮小的,很少)—belittle(輕視, 使渺小, 使...顯得渺小)
bi?: two;twice;double
lingual(語言的)—bilingual(能說兩種語言的)
cycle( 自行車)—bicycle(腳踏車, 自行車)
bio?:concerning living things
chemistry(化學(xué))—biochemistry(生物化學(xué))
sphere(圈子)—biosphere(生物圈)
by—:less important
product(產(chǎn)品, 產(chǎn)物,)—by-product(副產(chǎn)品, 附加產(chǎn)物)
way(路,道路)—byway(小道)
centi?: hundredth part
grade(等級)—centigrade(分為百度的, 百分度的, 攝氏溫度的)
meter(米)—centimeter(厘米)
co?: together, with
author(作家, 創(chuàng)造者)—coauthor(合著者, 共同執(zhí)筆者,合著)
exist(存在, 生存)—coexist(共存)
col?:(used before l) together, with
location(位置, 場所)—collocation(排列, 配置)
com?:(used before b, m, p)together, with
passion(激情, 熱情)—compassion(同情,憐憫)
con?:together, with
centric(中心的, 中央的)—concentric(同中心的)
federation(同盟, 聯(lián)邦, 聯(lián)合, 聯(lián)盟)—confederation(聯(lián)邦)
contra?:opposite
diction(措辭, 用語, 言語)—contradiction(反駁, 矛盾)
natural(自然的, 自然界的)—contranatural(違背自然的)
cor?:(used before r) together, with
relate(敘述, 講, 使聯(lián)系, 發(fā)生關(guān)系)—correlate(使相互關(guān)聯(lián),和...相關(guān))
respond(回答, 響應(yīng), 作出反應(yīng),有反應(yīng))—correspond(符合, 協(xié)調(diào), 通信, 相當, 相應(yīng))
counter?:opposite
act(擔當,表現(xiàn), 見效)—counteract(抵消, 中和, 阻礙)
attack(攻擊)—counterattck(反引力)
cross?:across;going between the stated things and joining them
country(鄉(xiāng)下的, 鄉(xiāng)村的, [方]祖國的, 故鄉(xiāng)的)—cross?country(越野的, 橫過田野的)
breed((使)繁殖, 教養(yǎng), 撫養(yǎng),品種, 種類)—crossbreed([生物]雜種,異種交配, 培育雜種, (使)雜交)
de?:showing an opposite; to remove; to reduce
code(代碼, 密碼)—decode(解碼, 譯解)
value(評價, 重視)—devalue((=devaluate)減值, 貶值)
dis?:not; the opposite of
advantage(優(yōu)勢, 有利條件)—disadvantage(不利, 不利條件, 缺點, 劣勢)
agree(同意) —disagree(不一致, 不適宜)
honest(誠實的, 正直的)—dishonest(不誠實的)
em?:(used before b,m, p) to cause to become
body(賦以形體)—embody(具體表達, 使具體化)
power(權(quán)力,激勵)—empower(授權(quán)與, 使能夠)
en?:to cause to become; to make
danger( 威脅)—endanger(危及)
large(大的, 巨大的)—enlarge(擴大, 放大)
ex?:former(and still living)
minister(部長, 大臣)—ex?minister (前部長)
wife(妻子)—ex?wife(前妻)
extra?:outside;beyond
curricular(課程的)—extracurricular(課外的, 業(yè)余的)
ordinary(平常的, 普通的, 平凡的)—extraordinary(非常的, 特別的, 非凡的)
fore?:in advance, before; in or at the front
arm(臂,武器, 裝備)—forearm(前臂,準備戰(zhàn)斗, 預(yù)先武裝, 準備)
warn(警告)—forewarn(預(yù)先警告)
il?:(used before l) not
legal(法律的, 合法)—illegal(違法的, 不合規(guī)定的)
literate(學(xué)者,有文化的,有閱讀和寫作能力的)—illiterate(違法的, 不合規(guī)定的)
im?:(used before b,m,p)not
moral(道德(上)的, 精神的,道德)—immoral(不道德的, 邪惡的, 放蕩的, 淫蕩的)
possible(可能的)—impossible(不可能的)
in?:not
direct(徑直的, 直接的)—indirect(間接的, 迂回的)
sensitive(敏感的, 靈敏的)—insensitive(對...沒有感覺的, 感覺遲鈍的)
infra?:below in a range; beyond
red(紅(色)的)—infrared(紅外線的,紅外線)
structure(結(jié)構(gòu),構(gòu)造)—infrastructure(下部構(gòu)造, 基礎(chǔ)下部組織)
inter?:between;among
change(改變, 變化)—interchange((指兩人等)交換,相互交換)
national(國家的, 民族的)—international(國際的, 世界的,國際性組織, 國際比賽)
intra?:inside, within;into
city(城市, 都市)—intracity(市內(nèi)的)
department(部, 局, 處, 科, 部門, 系, 學(xué)部)—intra?department(內(nèi)部)
ir?:(used before r)not
regular(規(guī)則的, 有秩序的)—irregular(不規(guī)則的, 無規(guī)律的)
responsible(有責任的, 可靠的)—irresponsible(不負責任的, 不可靠的)
kilo?:thousand
gram(克,)—kilogram([物]千克, 公斤)
meter(米)—kilometer(公里)
macro?:large, esp.concerning a whole system rather than particular parts of
particular parts of
economics(經(jīng)濟學(xué))—macroeconomics(宏觀經(jīng)濟學(xué))
structure(宏觀結(jié)構(gòu))—macrostructure(宏觀結(jié)構(gòu))
mal?:bad or badly
function(官能, 功能, 作用)—malfunction(故障)
treat(宴請, 款待)—maltreat(虐待, 濫用)
micro?:extremely small
computer(計算機, 電腦)—microcomputer(微進化)
electronics(電子學(xué))—microelectronics([電子]微電子學(xué))
mid?:middle
day(天, 白天)—midday(正午)
night(夜, 夜晚)—midnight(午夜)
mini?:small;short
bus(公共汽車)—minibus( 小型公共汽車)
skirt(裙子)—miniskirt
(迷你短裙, 超短裙)
mis?:bad or badly;wrong or wrongly
fortune( 運氣, 好運)—misfortune(不幸, 災(zāi)禍)
understand(懂, 了解)—misunderstand(誤解, 誤會)
mono?:one;single
plane( 飛機)—monoplane(單翼機)
tone(音調(diào), 語調(diào))—monotone(單調(diào)的,單調(diào))
multi?:more than one;many
purpose(目的, 意圖)—multipurpose(多種用途的, 多目標的)
national(國家的, 國立[有]的, 民族的)—multinational( 多民族的,)
non?:not
resident—non(?)resident
sense 理性, 認識—nonsense(胡說, 廢話)
out?:outside;eyond
live(活的, 生動的)—outlive(比...長命, 比...耐久)
door(門, 通道, 家, 戶)—outdoor(室外的, 戶外的, 野外的)
over?:too much;above; additional
head(頭,頭的, 主要的)—overhead(在頭上的,在頭頂上, 在空中, 在高處)
time(時間, 時侯, 時機, )—overtime(超時, 加班, 延長時間,超時的, 加班的,加班地,使超時)
poly?:many
centric(中心的, 中央的)—polycentric(多中心的)
syllabic([語] 音節(jié)主音,音節(jié)的)—polysyllabic(多音節(jié)的)
post?:later than;after
graduate((大學(xué))畢業(yè)生, 研究生,(使)(大學(xué))畢業(yè))—postgraduate(研究所學(xué)生, 研究生,畢業(yè)后的)
war(戰(zhàn)爭,作戰(zhàn), 打仗)—postwar(戰(zhàn)后的)
pre?:before;in advance
pay(薪水, 工資,支付)—prepay(預(yù)付)
war(戰(zhàn)爭,作戰(zhàn), 打仗)—prewar(戰(zhàn)前的,在戰(zhàn)前)
pro?:in favor of, supporting
America(<美>美國, 美洲(包括北美和南美洲))—pro?America
abortion—pro?abortion(流產(chǎn), 墮胎, 失敗, 夭折, 中止, 早產(chǎn))
pseudo?:not real;false
name( 姓名)—pseudonym(假名, 筆名)
science(科學(xué), 自然科學(xué))—pseudoscience(假科學(xué), 偽科學(xué))
re?:again;back to the former state
unite(聯(lián)合, 團結(jié))—reunite((使)再結(jié)合)
use(使用)—reuse(再使用,重新使用)
self?:by means of oneself or itself;of, to, with, for, or in oneself or itself
employed(雇用, 用, 使用)—self?employed
taught(teach的過去式和過去分詞)—self?taught
semi?:half;partly
circle(圓周, 圓形物)—semicircle(半圓形)
final( 決賽)—semifinal(半決賽)
step?:not by birth but through a parent who has remarried
mother(母親, 媽媽)—stepmother(繼母)
children(孩子, 孩子們)—stepchildren(繼子,繼女)
sub?:under,below;less imortant;part of the stated bigger whole
divide(分, 劃分, 分開, 隔開)—subdivide(再分, 細分)
section(部分)—subsection(分部, 分段)
super?:more, larger, greater than usual
market(市場)—supermarket(超級市場)
natural(自然的, 自然界的, 普通的, 正常的)—supernatural(超自然的, 神奇的,超自然物, 不可思議的事)
tele?:at or over a long distance;by or for television communication—telecommunication
screen(屏, 銀幕)—telescreen(電視屏幕,熒光屏)
therm(o)?:concerning heat
chemistry(化學(xué))—thermochemistry(熱化學(xué))
meter( 計, 表)—thermometer(溫度計, 體溫計)
trans?:across, on or to the other side of; between
Atlantic(大西洋)—transatlantic(大西洋彼岸的)
plant(種植, 栽培, 培養(yǎng))—transplant(移植, 移種)
tri?:three;three times
angular(有角的)—triangular(三角形的)
cycle( 自行車)—tricycle(三輪車, 機器三輪車)
ultra?:beyond;very, extremely
modern(近代的, 現(xiàn)代的)—ultramodern(超現(xiàn)代化的)
sound(聲音, 語音)—ultrasound(超頻率音響)
un?:not
certain(確定的, 必然的, 可靠的)—uncertain(無常的, 不確定的, 不可預(yù)測的, 靠不住的)
fortunate(幸運的, 幸福的)—unfortunate(不幸的, 使人遺憾的)
under?:too little;below
develop(發(fā)展,顯影)—underdevelop((使)發(fā)展不完全, (使)顯影不足)
sea(海洋, 大浪)—undersea(海面下的)
uni?:one;single
form( 形態(tài), 構(gòu)成)—uniform(統(tǒng)一的, 相同的)
directional(方向的)—unidirectional(單向的, 單向性的)
vice?:next in the rank;below
chairman(主席, 會長)—vice?chairman(副主席, 副議長)
president(總統(tǒng), 會長, 行長)—vice?president(副總督, 副)
aero?:concerning the air or aircraft
plane( 飛機)—aeroplane(飛機)
space(空間, 間隔)—aerospace(航空宇宙)
anti?: against;opposite of
nuclear([核]核子的)—antinuclear(反對使用核武器的)
matter( 物質(zhì))—antimatter(反物質(zhì))
war(戰(zhàn)爭、作戰(zhàn)、 打仗)—antiwar(反戰(zhàn)的, 反對戰(zhàn)爭的)
auto?: of or by oneself
biography(傳記)—autobiography(自傳)
criticism(批評, 批判)—autocriticism(自我反省, 自我檢討)
be?:to treat as the stated thing
friend(朋友, 助手)—befriend(待人如友, 幫助)
little(很少的, 矮小的,很少)—belittle(輕視, 使渺小, 使...顯得渺小)
bi?: two;twice;double
lingual(語言的)—bilingual(能說兩種語言的)
cycle( 自行車)—bicycle(腳踏車, 自行車)
bio?:concerning living things
chemistry(化學(xué))—biochemistry(生物化學(xué))
sphere(圈子)—biosphere(生物圈)
by—:less important
product(產(chǎn)品, 產(chǎn)物,)—by-product(副產(chǎn)品, 附加產(chǎn)物)
way(路,道路)—byway(小道)
centi?: hundredth part
grade(等級)—centigrade(分為百度的, 百分度的, 攝氏溫度的)
meter(米)—centimeter(厘米)
co?: together, with
author(作家, 創(chuàng)造者)—coauthor(合著者, 共同執(zhí)筆者,合著)
exist(存在, 生存)—coexist(共存)
col?:(used before l) together, with
location(位置, 場所)—collocation(排列, 配置)
com?:(used before b, m, p)together, with
passion(激情, 熱情)—compassion(同情,憐憫)
con?:together, with
centric(中心的, 中央的)—concentric(同中心的)
federation(同盟, 聯(lián)邦, 聯(lián)合, 聯(lián)盟)—confederation(聯(lián)邦)
contra?:opposite
diction(措辭, 用語, 言語)—contradiction(反駁, 矛盾)
natural(自然的, 自然界的)—contranatural(違背自然的)
cor?:(used before r) together, with
relate(敘述, 講, 使聯(lián)系, 發(fā)生關(guān)系)—correlate(使相互關(guān)聯(lián),和...相關(guān))
respond(回答, 響應(yīng), 作出反應(yīng),有反應(yīng))—correspond(符合, 協(xié)調(diào), 通信, 相當, 相應(yīng))
counter?:opposite
act(擔當,表現(xiàn), 見效)—counteract(抵消, 中和, 阻礙)
attack(攻擊)—counterattck(反引力)
cross?:across;going between the stated things and joining them
country(鄉(xiāng)下的, 鄉(xiāng)村的, [方]祖國的, 故鄉(xiāng)的)—cross?country(越野的, 橫過田野的)
breed((使)繁殖, 教養(yǎng), 撫養(yǎng),品種, 種類)—crossbreed([生物]雜種,異種交配, 培育雜種, (使)雜交)
de?:showing an opposite; to remove; to reduce
code(代碼, 密碼)—decode(解碼, 譯解)
value(評價, 重視)—devalue((=devaluate)減值, 貶值)
dis?:not; the opposite of
advantage(優(yōu)勢, 有利條件)—disadvantage(不利, 不利條件, 缺點, 劣勢)
agree(同意) —disagree(不一致, 不適宜)
honest(誠實的, 正直的)—dishonest(不誠實的)
em?:(used before b,m, p) to cause to become
body(賦以形體)—embody(具體表達, 使具體化)
power(權(quán)力,激勵)—empower(授權(quán)與, 使能夠)
en?:to cause to become; to make
danger( 威脅)—endanger(危及)
large(大的, 巨大的)—enlarge(擴大, 放大)
ex?:former(and still living)
minister(部長, 大臣)—ex?minister (前部長)
wife(妻子)—ex?wife(前妻)
extra?:outside;beyond
curricular(課程的)—extracurricular(課外的, 業(yè)余的)
ordinary(平常的, 普通的, 平凡的)—extraordinary(非常的, 特別的, 非凡的)
fore?:in advance, before; in or at the front
arm(臂,武器, 裝備)—forearm(前臂,準備戰(zhàn)斗, 預(yù)先武裝, 準備)
warn(警告)—forewarn(預(yù)先警告)
il?:(used before l) not
legal(法律的, 合法)—illegal(違法的, 不合規(guī)定的)
literate(學(xué)者,有文化的,有閱讀和寫作能力的)—illiterate(違法的, 不合規(guī)定的)
im?:(used before b,m,p)not
moral(道德(上)的, 精神的,道德)—immoral(不道德的, 邪惡的, 放蕩的, 淫蕩的)
possible(可能的)—impossible(不可能的)
in?:not
direct(徑直的, 直接的)—indirect(間接的, 迂回的)
sensitive(敏感的, 靈敏的)—insensitive(對...沒有感覺的, 感覺遲鈍的)
infra?:below in a range; beyond
red(紅(色)的)—infrared(紅外線的,紅外線)
structure(結(jié)構(gòu),構(gòu)造)—infrastructure(下部構(gòu)造, 基礎(chǔ)下部組織)
inter?:between;among
change(改變, 變化)—interchange((指兩人等)交換,相互交換)
national(國家的, 民族的)—international(國際的, 世界的,國際性組織, 國際比賽)
intra?:inside, within;into
city(城市, 都市)—intracity(市內(nèi)的)
department(部, 局, 處, 科, 部門, 系, 學(xué)部)—intra?department(內(nèi)部)
ir?:(used before r)not
regular(規(guī)則的, 有秩序的)—irregular(不規(guī)則的, 無規(guī)律的)
responsible(有責任的, 可靠的)—irresponsible(不負責任的, 不可靠的)
kilo?:thousand
gram(克,)—kilogram([物]千克, 公斤)
meter(米)—kilometer(公里)
macro?:large, esp.concerning a whole system rather than particular parts of
particular parts of
economics(經(jīng)濟學(xué))—macroeconomics(宏觀經(jīng)濟學(xué))
structure(宏觀結(jié)構(gòu))—macrostructure(宏觀結(jié)構(gòu))
mal?:bad or badly
function(官能, 功能, 作用)—malfunction(故障)
treat(宴請, 款待)—maltreat(虐待, 濫用)
micro?:extremely small
computer(計算機, 電腦)—microcomputer(微進化)
electronics(電子學(xué))—microelectronics([電子]微電子學(xué))
mid?:middle
day(天, 白天)—midday(正午)
night(夜, 夜晚)—midnight(午夜)
mini?:small;short
bus(公共汽車)—minibus( 小型公共汽車)
skirt(裙子)—miniskirt
(迷你短裙, 超短裙)
mis?:bad or badly;wrong or wrongly
fortune( 運氣, 好運)—misfortune(不幸, 災(zāi)禍)
understand(懂, 了解)—misunderstand(誤解, 誤會)
mono?:one;single
plane( 飛機)—monoplane(單翼機)
tone(音調(diào), 語調(diào))—monotone(單調(diào)的,單調(diào))
multi?:more than one;many
purpose(目的, 意圖)—multipurpose(多種用途的, 多目標的)
national(國家的, 國立[有]的, 民族的)—multinational( 多民族的,)
non?:not
resident—non(?)resident
sense 理性, 認識—nonsense(胡說, 廢話)
out?:outside;eyond
live(活的, 生動的)—outlive(比...長命, 比...耐久)
door(門, 通道, 家, 戶)—outdoor(室外的, 戶外的, 野外的)
over?:too much;above; additional
head(頭,頭的, 主要的)—overhead(在頭上的,在頭頂上, 在空中, 在高處)
time(時間, 時侯, 時機, )—overtime(超時, 加班, 延長時間,超時的, 加班的,加班地,使超時)
poly?:many
centric(中心的, 中央的)—polycentric(多中心的)
syllabic([語] 音節(jié)主音,音節(jié)的)—polysyllabic(多音節(jié)的)
post?:later than;after
graduate((大學(xué))畢業(yè)生, 研究生,(使)(大學(xué))畢業(yè))—postgraduate(研究所學(xué)生, 研究生,畢業(yè)后的)
war(戰(zhàn)爭,作戰(zhàn), 打仗)—postwar(戰(zhàn)后的)
pre?:before;in advance
pay(薪水, 工資,支付)—prepay(預(yù)付)
war(戰(zhàn)爭,作戰(zhàn), 打仗)—prewar(戰(zhàn)前的,在戰(zhàn)前)
pro?:in favor of, supporting
America(<美>美國, 美洲(包括北美和南美洲))—pro?America
abortion—pro?abortion(流產(chǎn), 墮胎, 失敗, 夭折, 中止, 早產(chǎn))
pseudo?:not real;false
name( 姓名)—pseudonym(假名, 筆名)
science(科學(xué), 自然科學(xué))—pseudoscience(假科學(xué), 偽科學(xué))
re?:again;back to the former state
unite(聯(lián)合, 團結(jié))—reunite((使)再結(jié)合)
use(使用)—reuse(再使用,重新使用)
self?:by means of oneself or itself;of, to, with, for, or in oneself or itself
employed(雇用, 用, 使用)—self?employed
taught(teach的過去式和過去分詞)—self?taught
semi?:half;partly
circle(圓周, 圓形物)—semicircle(半圓形)
final( 決賽)—semifinal(半決賽)
step?:not by birth but through a parent who has remarried
mother(母親, 媽媽)—stepmother(繼母)
children(孩子, 孩子們)—stepchildren(繼子,繼女)
sub?:under,below;less imortant;part of the stated bigger whole
divide(分, 劃分, 分開, 隔開)—subdivide(再分, 細分)
section(部分)—subsection(分部, 分段)
super?:more, larger, greater than usual
market(市場)—supermarket(超級市場)
natural(自然的, 自然界的, 普通的, 正常的)—supernatural(超自然的, 神奇的,超自然物, 不可思議的事)
tele?:at or over a long distance;by or for television communication—telecommunication
screen(屏, 銀幕)—telescreen(電視屏幕,熒光屏)
therm(o)?:concerning heat
chemistry(化學(xué))—thermochemistry(熱化學(xué))
meter( 計, 表)—thermometer(溫度計, 體溫計)
trans?:across, on or to the other side of; between
Atlantic(大西洋)—transatlantic(大西洋彼岸的)
plant(種植, 栽培, 培養(yǎng))—transplant(移植, 移種)
tri?:three;three times
angular(有角的)—triangular(三角形的)
cycle( 自行車)—tricycle(三輪車, 機器三輪車)
ultra?:beyond;very, extremely
modern(近代的, 現(xiàn)代的)—ultramodern(超現(xiàn)代化的)
sound(聲音, 語音)—ultrasound(超頻率音響)
un?:not
certain(確定的, 必然的, 可靠的)—uncertain(無常的, 不確定的, 不可預(yù)測的, 靠不住的)
fortunate(幸運的, 幸福的)—unfortunate(不幸的, 使人遺憾的)
under?:too little;below
develop(發(fā)展,顯影)—underdevelop((使)發(fā)展不完全, (使)顯影不足)
sea(海洋, 大浪)—undersea(海面下的)
uni?:one;single
form( 形態(tài), 構(gòu)成)—uniform(統(tǒng)一的, 相同的)
directional(方向的)—unidirectional(單向的, 單向性的)
vice?:next in the rank;below
chairman(主席, 會長)—vice?chairman(副主席, 副議長)
president(總統(tǒng), 會長, 行長)—vice?president(副總督, 副)