語(yǔ)態(tài)是動(dòng)詞的一種形式，它用來(lái)表示句中主語(yǔ)同謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之間的關(guān)系。
　　英語(yǔ)有兩種語(yǔ)態(tài)， 主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)和被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)， 主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)表示主語(yǔ)是謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者，被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)表示主語(yǔ)是謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞動(dòng)作的承受者。例如：
　　I have repaired the radio.
　　我修好了收音機(jī)。
　　The radio has been repaired.
　　收音機(jī)被修好了。
　　The students cleaned the classroom.
　　學(xué)生們打掃了教室。
　　The classroom was cleaned by the students.
　　教室被學(xué)生們打掃了。
　　被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的構(gòu)成：
　　be + 過(guò)去分詞
　　A building was damaged by the storm.
　　暴風(fēng)雨毀壞了一座建筑物。
　　Our plate was made in China.
　　我們的盤子是中國(guó)生產(chǎn)的。
　　My bike was stolen.
　　我的自行車被盜了。
　　常用的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的時(shí)態(tài)變化如下，以 ask 為例：
　　一般 進(jìn)行 完成
　　現(xiàn)在I am asked, I am being asked, I have been asked
　　過(guò)去I was asked,I was being asked,I had been asked
　　將來(lái)I shall be asked, I shall have been asked
　　過(guò)去將來(lái)I shall be asked
　　被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的疑問(wèn)句是把助動(dòng)詞提前到句首。
　　Has your TV set been repaired?
　　你的電視機(jī)修了嗎？
　　Was the kite broken?
　　風(fēng)箏破了嗎？
　　Has the work been done?
　　工作結(jié)束了嗎？
　　被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的否定式是在助動(dòng)詞后面加 not.
　　The letter has not been sent out.
　　信還沒(méi)有發(fā)出去。
　　The little boy has not been found out.
　　小孩還沒(méi)有找到。
　　The cap has not been mended yet.
　　帽子還沒(méi)有補(bǔ)好。
　　Their money has not been sent to them.
　　他們的錢還沒(méi)有送到他們手中。
　　被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的用法：
　　被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)表示一種主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)之間的關(guān)系，當(dāng)主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的承受者時(shí)， 就需要用到被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，漢語(yǔ)中所說(shuō)的，“汽車被撞壞了”“鋼筆被修好了” 等句子就是一種被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的句子，在漢語(yǔ)中常用“被”“由”等詞來(lái)表示這種被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。在英語(yǔ)中則用動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)形式來(lái)表示。被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中還可用 by 短語(yǔ)加在句后表示被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中動(dòng)作的發(fā)出者。也就是謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞動(dòng)作的邏輯上的主語(yǔ)，被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)常用在下列情況。
　　1) 不知道誰(shuí)是謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者時(shí)，或者沒(méi)有必要說(shuō)出誰(shuí)是執(zhí)行者時(shí)。
　　The glass was broken last night.
　　玻璃昨天被打破了。
　　His bike has been stolen.
　　他的自行車被偷了。
　　He was asked to go there once more.
　　他被要求再去那兒一次。
　　The bag was put into the box.
　　袋子放在了箱子里。
　　2) 為了強(qiáng)調(diào)或突出動(dòng)作的承受者時(shí)。
　　The plan has been sent to the headmaster.
　　計(jì)劃已經(jīng)送給校長(zhǎng)了。
　　Kilinton was elected the President of U.S.A.
　　克林頓被選為美國(guó)總統(tǒng)。
　　Five people were hurt in the explosion.
　　五個(gè)人在這次爆炸中受傷。
　　A new building was set up in a short time.
　　新大樓短期就建成了。
　　3) 被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)也可以說(shuō)出動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者，構(gòu)成如下：
　　動(dòng)作承受者 + be + 過(guò)去分詞 + by + 動(dòng)作執(zhí)行者。
　　The picture was praised by everybody.
　　照片得到了大家的好評(píng)。
　　The classroom was cleaned by us.
　　教室被我們打掃過(guò)。
　　The bridge was built by workers from Shanxi.
　　這座橋是山西的工人建的。
　　The little boy was found by the police.
　　小孩被警察找到了。
　　有關(guān)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的幾個(gè)問(wèn)題：
　　1) "be + 過(guò)去分詞" 并非都是被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，系動(dòng)詞 be, feel, seem,look,等詞后面的過(guò)去分詞已轉(zhuǎn)化為形容詞，作表語(yǔ)用，表示某種狀態(tài)。
　　I'm interested in mathematics.
　　我對(duì)數(shù)學(xué)感興趣。
　　He seems unsatisfied with his work.
　　他看起來(lái)對(duì)他的工作不滿意。
　　We are determined to catch up with the developed countries.
　　我們決心要趕上發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家。
　　The song is called "Don't forget me".
　　歌曲的名字叫“勿忘我”。
　　某些動(dòng)詞用主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)來(lái)表示被動(dòng)含義。
　　The food tastes good.
　　食物很香。
　　It smells strange.
　　這有怪味。
　　The stone feels very cold.
　　石頭摸起來(lái)很冷。
　　The woman's clothes sell well.
　　女裝賣的快。
　　3) 一般情況下，及物動(dòng)詞才能構(gòu)成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，但有些不及物動(dòng)詞組成短語(yǔ)后，也可構(gòu)成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。
　　He was looked down upon because of his egoism.
　　他因自私而受人冷落。
　　The children were taken good care of in the the orphanage.
　　孩子們?cè)诠聝涸菏艿搅肆己玫恼疹櫋?