非謂語動詞等語法項目的測試特點和應對策略
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語法
一、 非謂語動詞
近幾年的語法測試中非謂語動詞約占31.1%，平均每年近5道題，可謂是語法項目考查的重點，那么非謂語動詞的考查都有哪些特點，解答時又應注意些什么呢？下面我和大家就一起來分析一下：
1、非謂語動詞考查特點
1) 謂語動詞與非謂語動詞的判斷
對謂語動詞與非謂語動詞區別的考查主要集中在獨立主格結構，如：
all things ___ because of the snowstorm, many passengers could do nothing buttake the train.(1999.1)
a. had been canceled b. have been canceled
c. were canceled d. having been canceled
四個選項中有三個是謂語動詞，只有d是非謂語動詞，只要同學們能判斷出這里是非謂語動詞做狀語，則不用考慮時態的問題，答案自明。
2) 謂語動詞后不定式與動名詞的選擇
謂語動詞后接不定式還是接動名詞也是四級語法測試中的一個題眼。如：
① i don’t mind ____ the decision as long as it is not too late.
(2000.1)
a. you to delay making b. your delaying making
c. your delaying to make d. you delay to make
② had i remembered ____ the windows, the thief would not have
got in.(1996.1)
a. to close b. closing
c. to have closed d. having closed
③ your hair wants ______ . you’d better have it done tomorrow.
a. cut b. to cut c. cutting d. being cut(1997.6)
這類題涉及三個方面：
謂語動詞后應該接不定式還是動名詞？
即可接不定式又可接動名詞時，結構和意思上有何差別？
不定式與動名詞用主動形式還是用被動形式？
3) 做定語的非謂語動詞的選擇
從近幾年的考查情況來看，對做定語的非謂語動詞的考查有兩種情況：
(1)對一般概念的考查，而不是固定結構中的非謂語動詞做定語。如：
① the project ____ by the end of 2000, will expand the city’s
telephone network to cover 1,000,000 users.(1999.6)
a. accomplished b. being accomplished
c. to be accomplished d. having been accomplished
② if i correct someone, i will do it with so much good humor
and self-restraint as if i were the one ______.(1996.6)
a. to correct b. correcting
c. having been corrected d. being corrected
同學們只要掌握非謂語動詞做定語的一般的規律,就可以判斷①題答案為c，②題答案為d。
(2)對固定結構的考查，如：
① the professor could hardly find sufficient grounds _____ his
arguments in favor of the new theory.(2000.6)
a. to be based on b. to base on
c. which to base on d. on which to base
② the pressure _____ causes americans to be energetic, but it
also puts them under a constant emotional strain.
a. to compete b. competing
c. to be competed d. having competed
①題為不定式做定語的固定形式，答案為d，②題為某些特定名詞的定語結構，答案為a。在英語中有些名詞，如動詞變來的名詞，形容詞變來的名詞，以及means,way, time, moment, reason等要求其后用不定式做定語，不定式沒有體的變化。
4) 做狀語的非謂語動詞的選擇
做狀語的非謂語動詞主要考查其各種形式的選擇，如：
① ______ the earth to be flat, many feared that columbus would
fall off the edge of the earth.(1996.6)
a. having believed b. believing
c. believed d. being believed
② _______ a teacher in a university, it is necessary to have at
least a master’s degree.(1995.1)
a. to become b. become c. one becomes d. on becoming
③ realizing that he hadn’t enough money and ____ to borrow from
his father, he decided to sell his watch.(1995.1)
近幾年的語法測試中非謂語動詞約占31.1%，平均每年近5道題，可謂是語法項目考查的重點，那么非謂語動詞的考查都有哪些特點，解答時又應注意些什么呢？下面我和大家就一起來分析一下：
1、非謂語動詞考查特點
1) 謂語動詞與非謂語動詞的判斷
對謂語動詞與非謂語動詞區別的考查主要集中在獨立主格結構，如：
all things ___ because of the snowstorm, many passengers could do nothing buttake the train.(1999.1)
a. had been canceled b. have been canceled
c. were canceled d. having been canceled
四個選項中有三個是謂語動詞，只有d是非謂語動詞，只要同學們能判斷出這里是非謂語動詞做狀語，則不用考慮時態的問題，答案自明。
2) 謂語動詞后不定式與動名詞的選擇
謂語動詞后接不定式還是接動名詞也是四級語法測試中的一個題眼。如：
① i don’t mind ____ the decision as long as it is not too late.
(2000.1)
a. you to delay making b. your delaying making
c. your delaying to make d. you delay to make
② had i remembered ____ the windows, the thief would not have
got in.(1996.1)
a. to close b. closing
c. to have closed d. having closed
③ your hair wants ______ . you’d better have it done tomorrow.
a. cut b. to cut c. cutting d. being cut(1997.6)
這類題涉及三個方面：
謂語動詞后應該接不定式還是動名詞？
即可接不定式又可接動名詞時，結構和意思上有何差別？
不定式與動名詞用主動形式還是用被動形式？
3) 做定語的非謂語動詞的選擇
從近幾年的考查情況來看，對做定語的非謂語動詞的考查有兩種情況：
(1)對一般概念的考查，而不是固定結構中的非謂語動詞做定語。如：
① the project ____ by the end of 2000, will expand the city’s
telephone network to cover 1,000,000 users.(1999.6)
a. accomplished b. being accomplished
c. to be accomplished d. having been accomplished
② if i correct someone, i will do it with so much good humor
and self-restraint as if i were the one ______.(1996.6)
a. to correct b. correcting
c. having been corrected d. being corrected
同學們只要掌握非謂語動詞做定語的一般的規律,就可以判斷①題答案為c，②題答案為d。
(2)對固定結構的考查，如：
① the professor could hardly find sufficient grounds _____ his
arguments in favor of the new theory.(2000.6)
a. to be based on b. to base on
c. which to base on d. on which to base
② the pressure _____ causes americans to be energetic, but it
also puts them under a constant emotional strain.
a. to compete b. competing
c. to be competed d. having competed
①題為不定式做定語的固定形式，答案為d，②題為某些特定名詞的定語結構，答案為a。在英語中有些名詞，如動詞變來的名詞，形容詞變來的名詞，以及means,way, time, moment, reason等要求其后用不定式做定語，不定式沒有體的變化。
4) 做狀語的非謂語動詞的選擇
做狀語的非謂語動詞主要考查其各種形式的選擇，如：
① ______ the earth to be flat, many feared that columbus would
fall off the edge of the earth.(1996.6)
a. having believed b. believing
c. believed d. being believed
② _______ a teacher in a university, it is necessary to have at
least a master’s degree.(1995.1)
a. to become b. become c. one becomes d. on becoming
③ realizing that he hadn’t enough money and ____ to borrow from
his father, he decided to sell his watch.(1995.1)