六級英語段落匹配習題(一)

　　D： In the past， Pizza Hut has always had the first mover advantage. Their marketing strategy in the past has always been to be first. One of their main strategies that they still follow today is the diversification of the products they offer. Pizza Hut is always adding something new to their menu， trying to reach new markets. For example， in 1992 the famous buffet was launched in Pizza Hut restaurants worldwide. They were trying to offer many different food items for customers who didn't necessarily want pizza.

　　E： Another strategy they used in the past and are still using is the diversification of their pizzas. Pizza Hut is always trying to come up with some innovative way to make a pizza into something slightly different - different enough that customers will think it’s a whole new product. For example，let's look at some of the pizzas Pizza Hut has marketed in the past. In 1983， Pizza Hut introduced their Pan Pizza， which had a guarantee of being ready to eat in 5 minutes when dining at Pizza Hut restaurants. In 1993， they introduced the "BigFoot，" which was two square feet of pizza cut into 21 slices. In 1995， they introduced "Stuffed Crust Pizza，" where the crust would be filled with cheese. In 1997， they marketed "The Edge，" which had cheese and toppings all the way to the edge of the pizza. Currently， they are marketing "The Big NewYorker，" trying to bring the famous New York style pizza to the whole country.

　　F： Another opportunity that Pizza Hut has is their new ordering online system. Anyone with Internet access can order whatever they wish and get it delivered to their house without even speaking to someone. This program has just been started， so we do not have any numbers to support whether or not it will be a success.

　　G： Lastly， Pizza Hut has always valued customer service and satisfaction. In 1995， Pizza Hut began two customer satisfaction programs： a 1-800 number customer hotline， and a customer call-back program. These were implemented to make sure their customers were happy， and always wanted to return. In our plan， we will first give a situation analysis of current and relevant environmental conditions that affect our plan. Next， we will give a brief analysis of the current fast food industry， and any trends or changes that might occur in the future.

　　H： However， the fact that Pizza Hut does have a restaurant to run is also a weakness. Pizza Hut has higher overhead costs， due to the restaurant that other competitors don't have to deal with. Another result of higher overhead costs is higher prices Pizza Hut must charge. Obviously， Pizza Hut is not the low cost producer. They rely on their quality pizza and good service to account for their higher prices.

　　I： An indirect weakness that Pizza Hut has is that they have lost a lot of their customers and market share due to such intense competition with competitors. Pizza Hut's opportunities are almost endless. They can increase revenue with their new innovative pizzas， and increase brand loyalty with good customer service.

　　J： Pizza Hut's number one threats are from their competitors. Currently， their closest competitor is Domino's Pizza. Domino's main competitive advantage over Pizza Hut is their price. It is generally lower than Pizza Hut. Also， Domino's was very profitable when they ran the promotional deal of delivering a pizza within 30 minutes. However， many lawsuits have been filed against Domino's in the past for reckless driving by their drivers， so Domino's withdrew the promotion. Little Caesar's is another one of Pizza Hut's competitors， right behind Domino's in market share. Little Caesar's is famous for offering large quantities of pizza for less money. Other competitors include Papa John's， Sbarro， and Pizza Inn.

　　K： A problem facing all of the pizza chains is that each of their individual competitive advantages are pretty much everyone's competitive advantages. Most if not all the top pizza chains offer free delivery， and always have some sort of promotional deal offering large pizzas at reduced prices. Other competitors to take into consideration are frozen pizzas and make-it-yourself pizzas that are purchased in grocery stores. Some examples of these are Tombstone Pizzas， Boboli， and Di'Gornio pizzas.

　　1. Pizza Hut expanded its business into many parts of the country by the time of 1969.

　　2. Pizza Hut has not always dominated the market.

　　3. buffalo wings， and Italian cheese bread are now commonly served at pizza restaurants.

　　4. The diversification strategy is not to be the first mover.

　　5. In Pizza Hut， a Pan Pizza was guaranteed to serve in 5 minutes.

　　6. If you want a pizza from Pizza Hut delivered directly to your house， you have to have Internet access in the first place.

　　7. In order to make sure their customers were happy， Pizza Hut introduced two customer satisfaction programs.

　　8. The higher overhead costs of Pizza Hut obviously accounted for higher prices of their pizzas.

　　9. The reason why Domino’s withdrew their promotion was that they suffered legally from reckless driving by their drivers.

　　10. Major pizza makers have to face the problem that their competitive advantages are the same.

　　六級英語段落匹配習題答案

　　1. A　2. B　3. C　4. D　5. E　6. F　7. G　8. H　9. J　10. K

　　六級英語段落匹配習題(二)

　　A： How does one define when a person is considered to be obese and not just somewhat overweight? Height-weight tables give an approximate guideline as to whether one is simply overweight or has passed into the obese stage.

　　B： The World Health Organization recommends using a formula that takes into account a person's height and weight. The "Body Mass Index" (BMI) is calculated by dividing the person's weight in kilograms by the square of their height in meters， and is thus given in units of kg/m2. A BMI of 18.5-24.9 is considered to be the healthiest. A BMI of between 25 and 29.9 is considered to be overweight， while a BMI of over 30 is considered to be obese.

　　C： However， it is recognized that this definition is limited as it does not take into account such variables as age， gender and ethnic origin， the latter being important as different ethnic groups have very different fat distributions. Another shortcoming is that it is not applicable to certain very muscular people such as athletes and bodybuilders， who can also have artificially high BMIs. Agencies such as the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) in the USA and the International Diabetes Foundation (IDF) are starting to define obesity in adults simply in terms of waist circumference.

　　Health Effects of Obesity

　　D： Over 2000 years ago， the Greek physician Hippocrates wrote that "persons who are naturally very fat are apt to die earlier than those who are slender". This observation remains very true today. Obesity has a major impact on a person's physical， social and emotional well-being. It increases the risk of developing diabetes mellitus type 2 ("mature onset diabetes") and also makes Type 2 diabetes more difficult to control. Thus weight loss improves the levels of blood glucose and blood fats， and reduces blood pressure. The association between obesity and coronary heart disease is also well-known.

　　Cancer

　　E： Furthermore， in 2001 medical researchers established a link between being overweight and certain forms of cancer， and estimated that nearly 10，000 Britons per year develop cancer as a result of being overweight. This figure was made up of 5，893 women and 3，220 men， with the strongest associations being with breast and colon cancers. However， it is thought that being overweight may also increase the risk of cancer in the reproductive organs for women and in the prostate gland for men.

　　F： The link between breast cancer and nutritional status is thought to be due to the steroid hormones oestrogen and progesterone， which are produced by the ovaries， and govern a woman's menstrual cycle. Researchers have found that the more a woman eats， or the more sedentary her lifestyle， the higher are the concentrations of progesterone. This link could explain why women from less affluent countries have lower rates of breast cancer. Women from less affluent nations tend to eat less food and to lead lifestyles which involve more daily movement. This lowers their progesterone level， resulting in lower predisposition to breast cancer.

　　G： The Times newspaper， in 2002 reported that obesity was the main avoidable cause of cancer among non-smokers in the Western world!

　　Aging

　　H： Research published by St Thomas' Hospital， London， UK in 2005 showed a correlation between body fat and aging， to the extent that being obese added 8.8 years to a woman's biological age. The effect was exacerbated by smoking， and a non-overweight woman who smokes 20 cigarettes a day for 20 years added 7.4 years to their biological age. The combination of being obese and a smoker added at least ten years to a woman’s biological age， and although the study only involved women， the lead researcher Professor Tim Spector believes the finding would also apply to men.

　　I： The aging effect was determined by measuring the length of telomeres， tiny "caps" on the ends of chromosomes， which help protect the DNA from the ageing process. Indeed， telomeres have been dubbed the "chromosomal clock" because， as an organism ages， they become progressively shorter， and can be used to determine the age of the organism. Beyond a certain point， the telomere becomes so short that it is no longer able to prevent the DNA of the chromosome from falling apart. It is believed that excess body fat， and the chemicals present in tobacco smoke release free radicals which trigger inflammation. Inflammation causes the production of white blood cells which increases the rate of erosion of telomeres.

　　Dementia

　　J： Recent research (2005) conducted in the USA shows that obesity in middle age is linked to an increased risk of dementia， with obese people in their 40s being 74% more likely to develop dementia compared to those of normal weight. For those who are merely overweight， the lifetime risk of dementia risk was 35% higher.

　　K： Scientists from the Aging Research Centre at the Karolinska Institute in Sweden have been able to take information such as age， number of years in education， gender， body mass index， blood pressure level， physical activity and genetic factors， assigning each a risk score. They then used this information to devise a predictive test for dementia. This test will enable people at risk， for the first time， to be able to affect lifestyle changes which will reduce their risk of contracting dementia.

　　Other Problems

　　L： The world-wide upsurge in obesity， particularly in children， is of major economic concern，liable to drain economies. Of further concern is that research conducted in Australia and published in 2006， shows that up to one third of breech pregnancies were undetected by the traditional "palpation" examination， the danger being greatest for those women who are overweight or obese—a growing proportion of mothers. This means that such women are not getting the treatment required to turn the baby around in time for the birth， and in many cases require an emergency Caesarean section.

　　M： This is a true health-care crisis， far bigger than Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) and ultimately， even bigger than AIDS.

　　1. You can judge whether one is simply overweight or has passed into the obese stage according to the height-weight table.

　　2. Using the "Body Mass Index"to define a person's weight ideal is limited， because it does not takes into account many variables such as age， gender and ethnic origin.

　　3. A person's emotional well-being would be affected by obesity.

　　4. Obesity has something to do with cancer in the prostate gland for man.

　　5. Women from less affluent nations tend to have much less breast cancer.

　　6. A non-overweight woman who smokes 20 cigarettes a day for 20 years added 7.4 years to her biological age.

　　7. The excess body fat， like the chemicals present in tobacco smoke， can lead to inflammation.

　　8. Obese people in middle age run an increased risk of dementia .

　　9. The predictive test for dementia will help people to affect lifestyle changes that will reduce their risk of contracting dementia.

　　10. The world-wide upsurge in obesity， particularly in children， will possibly drain economies.

　　六級英語段落匹配習題答案

　　1. A　2. C　3. D　4. E　5. F　6. H　7. I　8. J　9. K　10. L

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