六級英語閱讀強化練習原文

　　In conducting research on cultural and ethnic minority issues, investigators distinguishbetween the emic approach and the etic approach. In the emic approach, the goal is todescribe behavior in one culture or ethnic group in terms that are meaningful and important tothe people in that culture or ethnic group,without regard to other cultures or ethnic groups. Inthe etic approach, the goal is to describe behavior so that generalizations can be made acrosscultures. If researchers construct a questionnaire in an emic fashion, their concern is onlythat the questions are meaningful to the particular culture or ethnic group beingstudied. If.however, the researchers construct a questionnaire in an etic fashion,they want to includequestions that reflet concepts familiar to all cultures involved.

　　How might the emic and etic approaches be reflected in the study of family processes? In theemic approach,the researchers might choose to focus only on middle-class White families,without regard for whether theinformation obtained in the study can be generalized or isappropriate for ethnic minority groups. In a subsequent study. the researchers may decide toadopt an etic approach by studying not only middle-class White families, but also lower-income White families. Black American families, Spanish American families. andAsian Americanfamilies. In studying ethnic minority families, the researchers would likely discover that theextended family is more frequently a, support system in ethnic minority families than inWhite American families. If so, the emic approach would reveal a different pattern of familyinteraction than would theetic approach, documenting that research with middle-class Whitefamilies cannot always be generalized to all ethnic groups.

　　六級英語閱讀強化練習題目

　　1. According to the First paragraph.researchers unfamiliar with the target cultures areinclined to________________.

　　A) be overcautious in constructing meaningful measures

　　B) view them from their own cultural perspective

　　C) guard against interference from their own culture

　　D) accept readily what is alien to their own culture

　　2. What does the author say about the emic approach and the etic approach'?

　　A) They have different research focuses in the study of ethnic issues.

　　B) The former is biased while the latter is objective.

　　C) The former concentrates on the study of culture while the latter on family issues.

　　D) They are both heavily dependent on questionnaires in conducting surveys.

　　3. Compared with the etic approach the emic approach is apparentlymore______________.

　　A) culturally interactive

　　B) culture-oriented

　　C) culturally biased

　　D) culture-specific

　　4. The etic approach is concerned with________________.

　　A) the general characteristics of minority families

　　B) culture-related concepts of individual ethnic groups

　　C) features shared by various cultures or ethnic groups

　　D) the economic conditions of different types of families

　　5. Which of the following js true of the ethnic minority families in the U.S. accordingto the passage'?

　　A) Their cultural patterns are usually more adaptable.

　　B) Their cultural concepts are difficult to comprehend.

　　C) They don't interact with each other so much as White families.

　　D) They have closer family ties than White families.

　　六級英語閱讀強化練習答案

　　1.根據第一段可知，不熟悉目標文化的研究者容易____________。

　　A) 在構建有意義的方法時過于謹慎

　　B) 從他們自己文化的角度來看待目標文化

　　C)去防止自己的文化對研究造成干擾

　　D)接受跟自己的文化很不同的文化

　　[B]在文章的開篇作者就指出“不熟悉他們所研究的文化和民族的研究者必須非常謹慎.以避免受本民族文化所帶來的任何偏見”，也就是說他們必須特別警惕受到本民族文化的干擾。因此可以推斷出，這些研究者極易受自身文化所帶來的偏見的影響，須特別謹慎才能避免，故選B。注意C說他們傾向于警惕自己的文化偏見，正與原文含義相反。

　　2.關于主位研究方法和客位研究方法，作者是這樣說的_____________________。

　　A) 在研究民族事宜的時候，他們的研究重點是不一樣的。

　　B) 前者是有偏見的，后者是客觀的。

　　C) 前者著眼于文化研究，后者關注家庭事宜。

　　D) 在進行調查研究的時候，兩者都高度依賴于問卷調查。

　　[A]文章第2段第2、3句提到“emic approach描述一種文化或民族的行為，該行為只對該文化或民族的人們意義重大;而etic approach描述的則是對各種文化都能起作用的具有普遍意義的行為”由此可推斷這兩種方法有不同的側重點。因此A正確。

　　3.相較于客位研究法，主位研究顯然更加________________。

　　A) 具有文化互動性

　　B)以文化為導向

　　C) 具有文化偏見

　　D)關注于文化

　　[D]由文章第2段第3句可知，主位研究更針對某個具體文化，答案為D。

　　4.客位研究方法關注于_______________。

　　A) 少數族裔家庭的一般性特點

　　B)各個民族群體的與文化相關的理念

　　C) 不同文化和族裔共同的特點

　　D)不同類型家庭的經濟狀況

　　[C]文章第2段第3句提到“etic approach描述的是對各種文化都能起作用的具有普遍意義的行為”，所以研究的是共性，選C。

　　5.根據文章所說，以下關于美國的少數民族族裔家庭的哪一種說法是正確的?

　　A) 他們的文化模式通常更加具有適應性。

　　B) 他們的文化理念很難為人所理解。

　　C) 他們不像白人家庭那樣喜歡與別人互動。

　　D) 他們的家庭紐帶比白人家庭要緊密。

　　[D]文章末段倒數第二句提到“研究者可能會發現與白人家庭相比，少數民族家庭中的大家庭常常是一種相互支撐力量”，由此可得出，D正確。