六級英語晨讀美文：自信

　　心理學家早就知道有信心掌握自己命運的人比那些覺得自己是受命運擺布的人更能適應老化。

　　Two researchers who questioned hundreds of Swedish twins report that such confidence, or lack ofit, is partly genetic and partly drawn from experience.

　　兩位研究學家在詢問了瑞典的好幾百對雙胞胎后報告說，這種信心，或是信心的缺乏，一部分是與基因有關，另一部分則是來自經驗的累積。

　　They also found that the belief in blind luck-a conviction that coincidence plays a big role ui life-is something leamed in life and has nothing to do with heredity.

　　他們同時發現，相信盲目運氣的人一認為巧合在生命中扮演一個很重要的角色l-一是在生活過程中學習來的，與遺傳毫無關系。

　　The research was conducted at the Karolinska Institute-better known as the body that annually awards the Nobel Prue for medicine-by Nancy Pedersen of the hrstitute and Margaret Gatz, a professor of psychology at the University of Southem Califomia in Los Angeles. Their results were recently published in the United States in the Joumal of Gerontology.

　　這項研究是在卡洛林司卡機構里進行的。這個機構亦是每年頒發諾貝爾醫學獎的團體。該研究是由此機構的南西·皮德森與洛杉磯南加大的心理學教授瑪格麗特·賈茲負責，他們這項研究結果最近在美國老年學的期刊上登出。

　　People who are confident of their ability to control their lives have an intemal locus of control", and have a better chance ofbeing well adjusted their old age, said Pedersen.

　　皮德森說，對自己掌握生命的能力有信心的人有一種“內在控制的基因位點"，比較能夠適應老年期。

　　An "extemal locus of comrol", believing that outside forces determine the course oflife, has been linked to depression in latter years, she said. "We are trying to understand what makes people different. Whatmakes some people age gracefully and others have a more difficult time?"she said.

　　她說，相信外在力量決定生命之旅的“外在控制的基因位點”與晚年沮喪的情緒有關。

　　The study showed that while people have an irtborn predilection toward independence and self-confidence, about 70 percent of this personality trait is affected by a person's environment and lifetime experiences.

　　她說：“我們想了解人與人之間相異的原因是什么。是什么原因使有些人安然悠哉地步入晚年，而有些人則比較困難呢

　　Pedersen's studies, with various collaborators, probe the aging process by comparing sets of twins, both identical and fratemal, many of whom were separated at an early age.

　　這項研究顯示—有人能夠擁有天生的自信與獨立，而70%查這種仝性的人，會受到環境與一生的經驗壓影響。

　　The subjects were drawn from a roster first compiled about 30 years ago registering all twins bom in Sweden since 1886. The complete list,which was extended in 1971, has 95,000 sets of twins.

　　皮德森和許多不同的研究學者通過對雙胞胎的比較，探討了老化的過程。這些同卵及異卵雙胞胎有許多都在很小的時候就分開了.研究對象是從.本30年前編纂的名冊抽出來的。這本名冊登記有自1886年以來所有在瑞典出生的雙胞胎。這份完整的名單—直延續到1971年，共行95000對雙胞

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