But does this always — or even usually — happen? An acquaintance2 of mine who lives inEngland and had never been outside it until last summer, decided to go over3 to France for atrip. When he returned, I asked him how he liked it.“Terrible, ”was his answer.“ I couldn’t get anice cup of tea anywhere . 4 Thank goodness I’m back. ”I asked him whether he hadn’t had anygood food while he was there .“Oh, the dinners were all right, ”he said.“I found a little placewhere they made quite good fish and chips. Not as good as ours, mind you5, but they werepassable. But the breakfasts were terrible: no bacon or kippers. I had fried eggs and chips, butit was quite a 6 business getting them to make them. They expected me to eat rolls. And whenI asked for marmalade , they brought strawberry jam. And do you know, they insisted that itwas marmalade? The trouble is they don’t know English. ”

　　I thought it useless to explain that we borrowed the word‘marmalade ’from French, and that itmeans, in that language, any kind of jam. So I said,“But didn’t you eat any of the famousFrench food?”“What? Me?”he said.“Of course not! Give me good old English food every time!None of these fancy bits for me! ”Obviously travel had not broadened his mind.

　　This does not, of course, happen only to Englishmen in France: all nationalities, in all foreigncountries, can be found judging what they see, hear, taste and smell according to their ownhabits and customs. People who are better educated and who have read a lot about foreigncountries tend to be more adaptable7 and tolerant8, but this is because their minds havealready been broadened before they start travelling. In fact, it is easier to be broad-mindedabout foreign habits and customs, if one’s acquaintance with these things is limited to booksand films. The American smiles tolerantly over the absence of central heating in most Englishhomes when he is himself comfortably seated in his armchair in his centrally heated house inChicago; the English man reads about the sanitary arrangements in a certain tropical country,and the inhabitants of the latter read about London fogs, and each side manages to bedetached and broad-minded. 9 But actual physical contact with things one is unaccustomed tois much more difficult to bear philosophically.

　　Perhaps the ideal would be if travel could succeed in making people tolerant of the habits andcustoms of others without abandoning their own. The criterion for judging a foreigner couldbe: Does he try to be polite and considerate to others? Instead of: Is he like me?

　　閱讀自測

　　Ⅰ. True o r Fa lse :

　　1. It is often said that if you travel abroad to see many new things, your mind will bebroadened.

　　2. The Englishman had a happy life when he travelled to France .

　　3. The word‘marmalade’is originally a French word, which means any kind of jam.

　　4. In the view of the author, people often judge things according to their own habits andcustoms.

　　5. The author thinks that people who are better educated and read a lot are easily to betolerant.

　　6. Tea , bacon, kippers, chips are all typical English food.

　　參考答案

　　Ⅰ. 1. T 2. F 3 . T 4 . T 5 . T 6 . T

　　參考譯文

　　旅游新解

　　經常聽人說旅游使人心胸開闊: 如果人們一直呆在本國, 思維就會很狹隘; 可要是人們 到國外旅游一番, 見識新的風俗, 品嘗新的食物, 有過新的經歷, 回來后心胸就開闊多了。

　　可是事情總是——— 或者說通常是這樣的嗎? 我認識一個住在英格蘭的朋友。在去年 夏天之前他從沒出過國, 就決定去法國旅游一番。回來后, 我問他感覺如何。“ 糟糕透 了, ”他說,“ 哪兒都弄不到一杯好茶喝。謝天謝地, 我回來了。”我問他在法國有沒有品嘗 什么美味佳肴。“ 噢, 食物還不錯, ”他說,“ 我發現了一個小地方, 那里的魚和薯條做得非 常好。說真的, 雖不如我們的那么美味, 可還算說得過去。但是早餐太糟糕了。既沒有熏 咸肉也沒有腌干魚。我吃煎蛋和薯條, 可要他們去做這些食物實在是件大難事。他們希望 我能吃點面包卷。可我問他們要橘子醬( marmalade ) 時, 他們卻給我拿來草莓醬。你知道 嗎? 他們竟還堅持說那就是橘子醬。問題在于他們不懂英語。”

　　其實marmalade 一詞來自法語, 它在法語中的意思是任何口味的果醬, 但我覺得給他解 釋這些無濟于事, 所以我說:“ 可是, 你沒有嘗嘗法國名菜嗎? ”“ 什么? 我? ”他問,“ 當然沒 有! 每次我都點美味的英式食物! 可那些食物沒一樣能讓我滿意! ”很顯然, 旅游并沒有讓 他心胸開闊。

　　當然, 這種事并不只是發生在身處法國的英國人身上: 所有到國外去的人都是以他們 自己的習慣和風俗去評價所見所聞及所品嘗的異國風味。那些受過良好教育并熟知外國 國情的人更易于適應新環境并比較寬容, 不過這是因為他們在旅游之前心胸就已經開闊 了。事實上, 對異國的習慣和風俗的了解如果僅限于書本和電影的話, 人們的心胸更易開 闊。當一個美國人舒舒服服地坐在他在芝加哥的裝有中央取暖設施的房間中的扶手椅里 的時候, 他會對英國大部分住房沒有中央取暖設施報以寬容的一笑。英國人通過閱讀了解 到某一熱帶國家的衛生設施, 而這一熱帶國家的人也從書面上了解了倫敦的霧。雙方都力 圖保持公正和寬容。而人們在親身接觸自己不習慣的事物時, 要做到達觀容忍就難多了。

　　也許, 理想的情況應該是這樣的: 旅游既讓人們容忍異域的習慣和風俗而又不放棄自 己的傳統, 要是這樣就好了。評價外國人的標準就可能是: 看他是否禮貌待人, 是否體諒別 人, 而不是看他是否和自己一樣?

　　閱讀導釋

　　1. 題目的字面意思是“旅游能讓人心胸開闊嗎?”一說到旅游, 大家的反應就是旅游可以使 人心胸開闊。漸漸地, 這似乎成了公認的標準。而這篇文章恰恰唱起了反調, 從一個反 面例子巧妙地論述作者自己的見解: 旅游和心胸開闊不成因果關系。

　　2 - 3. acquaintance 是指“相識的人, 熟人”, 如: a nodding acquaintance ( 點頭之交或膚淺的知 識, 皮毛) ; a speaking acquaintance ( 見了面談幾句的朋友, 泛泛之交) ; make the acquaintance ofsomebody ( 或make somebody’s acquaintance) ( 結識某人) ; He has a wide acquaintance. ( 他交游甚廣。) go over 在這里指“走過去, 走訪, 離家遠行, 旅行”, 如: He has gone over to the coast for afew days. ( 他已去沿海一帶, 要過幾天才回來。)

　　4. 這句話給了大家一個很好的關于英國飲食文化的暗示: 飲茶。英國的茶分為上午茶和下 午茶。一般喝上午茶的時間是10 點到11 點之間; 下午3 點到5 點稱下午茶( afternoon tea time) , 5 點到6 點之間的則稱為傍晚茶( high tea) 。19 世紀, 英國上流社會的紳士名 媛開始盛行喝下午茶, 冬天時就在溫暖的爐火邊, 夏天則是在繁花盛開的花園里。它最 重要的功能是讓上流社會的人聯絡感情, 交換信息。下文出現的fried fish andchips ( 煎 魚和薯條) ; bacon ( 熏咸肉) ; kipper ( 腌干魚) 都是典型的英式食物。

　　5. mind you, 用作插入語, 意思是“說真的或請注意, 請聽清楚”, 如: He is a very nice fellow, mind you,but I wouldn’t want to marry him. ( 說真的, 他是個很好的人, 但我不想嫁給 他。) 和mind 連用的詞語還有很多, 如諺語: Many men, many minds. ( 十個人, 十條心。 或譯: 人多心不齊。) Out of sight, outof mind. ( 眼不見, 心不煩。)

　　6. quite a 是個非常有用的搭配用法, 作“ 異常的, 出眾的, 相當大或多的”解, 如: quite a hero ( 了不起的英雄) ; quite a girl ( 不尋常的姑娘) ; It was quite a sight. ( 那是很特別的景象。) 和quite 連用的詞語還有: quite a bit ( 相當數量, 相當程度) ; quite a few ( 相當多, 不少) ; quite another ( 一個完全不同的) ;quite other ( 完全不同的) 。

　　7 - 8. 這個句子中的adaptable 指“ 能適應新環境的, 適應性強的”, tolerant 則是“ 寬容的, 容 忍的, 忍受的”。

　　9. 這一句比較長, 閱讀時要注意斷句。分號之前是由when 引導的狀語從句, 帶有對比的含義; 分號后是由and連接的三個簡單句。句中的central heating 是指“ 集中取暖法, 集 中供暖法”; sanitary 的意思是“公共衛生的”; detached 在這里是指“ 不帶感情的, 公正的, 超然的”, 如: a detached air ( 超然的神態) ; adetached view ( 不偏不倚的觀點) 。