英語(yǔ)六級(jí)篇章閱讀練習(xí):聲音處理
Every year television stations receive hundreds of complaints about the loudness of advertisements. However. federal rules forbid the practice of making ads louder than the programming. In addition, television stations always operate at the highest sound level allowed for reasons of efficiency. According to one NBC executive. no difference exists in the peak sound level of ads and programming. Given this information. why do commercials sound so loud?
The sensation of sound involves a variety of factors in addition to its peak level. Advertisers are skilful at creating the impression of loudness through their expert use of such factors. One major contributor to the perceived loudness of commercials is that much less variation in sound level occurs during a commercial. In regular programming the intensity of sound varies over a large range. However, sound levels in commercials tend to stay at or near peak levels.
Other "tricks of the trade" are also used. Because low-frequency sounds can mask higher frequency sounds. advertisers filter out any noises that may drown out the primary message. In addition, the human voice has more auditory (聽(tīng)覺(jué)的) impact in che middle frequency ranges. Advertisers electronically vary voice sounds so that they stay within such a frequency band. Another approach is to write the script so that lots of consonants(輔音) are used, because people are more aware of consonants than vowel (元音) sounds. Finally, advertisers try to begin commercials with sounds that are highly different from those of the programming within which the commercial is buried. Because people become adapted to the type of sounds coming from programming. a dramatic change in sound quality draws viewer attention. For example. notice how many commercials begin with a cheerful song of some type.
The attention-getting property of commercials can be seen by observing one-to-two-year-old children who happen to be playing around a television set. They may totally ignore the programming. However. when a commercial comes on.their attention is immediately drawn to it because of its dramatic sound quality.
測(cè)試題
1. According to the passage, the maximum intensity of sound coming from commercials________.
A) does not exceed that of programs
B) is greater than that of programs
C) varies over a large range than that of programs
D) is less than that of programs
2. Commercials create che sensation of loudness because____________________.
A) TV stations always operate at the highest sound levels
B) their sound levels are kept around peak levels
C) their sound levels are kept in the middle frequency ranges
D) unlike regular programs their intensity of sound varies over a wide range
3. Many commercials begin with a cheerful song of some kind because_________________.
A) pop songs attract viewer attention
B) it can increase their loudness
C) advertisers want to make them sound different from regular programs
D) advertisers want to merge music with commercials
4. One of the reasons why commercials are able to attract viewer attention is that_____________.
A) the human voices in commercials have more auditory impact
B) people like cheerful songs that change dramatically in sound quality
C) high-frequency sounds are used to mask sounds that drown out the primary message
D) they possess sound qualities that make the viewer feel that something unusual is happening
5. In the passage, the author is trying to tell us________________.
A) how TV ads vary vocal sounds to attract attention
B) how the loudness of TV ads is overcome
C) how advertisers control the sound properties of TV ads
D) how the attention-getting properties of sounds are made use of in TV ads
答案詳解
1.根據(jù)文章的內(nèi)容,電視廣告中最高強(qiáng)度的聲音_____________。
A)不會(huì)超過(guò)電視節(jié)目的聲音
B)比電視節(jié)目的聲音要強(qiáng)
C)強(qiáng)度在一個(gè)比電視節(jié)目聲音強(qiáng)度要廣的范圍里發(fā)生變化
D)比電視節(jié)目的聲音要弱
[A]第1段2句和第4句分別提到,聯(lián)邦法律禁止廣告聲音大于節(jié)目的聲音;國(guó)家廣播公司的某個(gè)官員稱(chēng),廣告和節(jié)目的最大音量并無(wú)區(qū)別。由此可知,廣告的聲音強(qiáng)度并沒(méi)有超過(guò)節(jié)目,因此A正確。
2.電視廣告讓人覺(jué)得聲音很大,因?yàn)開(kāi)_________________。
A)電視臺(tái)總是用最大的聲音來(lái)播出節(jié)目
B) 電視廣告的聲音被保持在最高峰值
C) 電視廣告的聲音被保持在中等波段
D) 與一般的電視節(jié)目不同,電視廣告的聲音強(qiáng)度在一個(gè)很廣的范圍內(nèi)變化
[B]第2段第1句指出,人們對(duì)聲音的感覺(jué)會(huì)受音量峰值的影響,后面進(jìn)一步說(shuō)明為達(dá)到此目的,廣告人使用的技巧。再結(jié)合本段最后一句,可知B項(xiàng)符合題意。
3.許多電視廣告都以某種快樂(lè)的歌曲開(kāi)始,因?yàn)開(kāi)___________________。
A)流行歌曲能夠吸引觀眾的注意力
B)它能夠提大廣告的音量
C)廣告商想要讓廣告聽(tīng)上去與一般的電視節(jié)目不同
D)廣告商想要將音樂(lè)與廣告融為一體
[C]第3段例數(shù)第2句提到,人們已經(jīng)適應(yīng)了節(jié)目中傳來(lái)的那種聲音,因此很多廣告使用歡快的歌曲作為開(kāi)頭,希望以聲音的強(qiáng)烈變化吸引觀眾的注意力。C正確,其他選項(xiàng)沒(méi)有原文依據(jù)。
4.電視廣告能夠吸引觀眾注意力的其中一個(gè)原因是________________。
A)電視廣告中的人的聲音能產(chǎn)生更強(qiáng)的聽(tīng)覺(jué)影響
B)人們喜歡聲音質(zhì)量有很大變化的歡快的歌曲
C)高頻的聲音是用來(lái)修飾那些壓過(guò)主要信息的聲音的
D)電視廣告的聲音質(zhì)量能夠讓觀眾感到有什么特別的事情正在發(fā)生
[D]第3段指出,廣告人采用與節(jié)目明顯不同的聲音制作廣告以吸引人們的注意力。最后一段也指出廣告獨(dú)特的音質(zhì)能立即吸引人們的注意,因此D正確。A是將音量保持到最高的技巧,因而與題意不符;C明顯與文中的表述相悖;B不能由文章推出。
5.作者在文章中想要告訴我們________________。
A)電視廣告是怎樣改變聲音來(lái)吸引觀眾的注意力的
B)電視廣告的大聲音是怎樣被克服的
C)廣告商是怎樣控制電視廣告的聲音特性的
D)聲音吸引人的注意力的特性是怎樣在電視廣告中得以運(yùn)用的
[D]詢(xún)問(wèn)文章主旨。從全文來(lái)看,作者一開(kāi)始就提出“為什么商業(yè)廣告的聲音聽(tīng)起來(lái)那么大”的問(wèn)題,然后剖析其中的原因,說(shuō)明技術(shù)人員是怎樣利用有特質(zhì)的聲音來(lái)制作廣告的。因此,D正確。
參考譯文
每年電視臺(tái)都會(huì)接到上百個(gè)抱怨廣告聲音太響的投訴。[1]然而,聯(lián)邦法律禁止廣告聲音大于節(jié)目的聲音。此外,考虐到效率原因,電視臺(tái)經(jīng)常使用被許可的最大音量播出。[1]據(jù)國(guó)家廣播公司的-個(gè)官員稱(chēng),廣告和節(jié)目的最大音量并無(wú)區(qū)別。既然如此,為什么廣告聲音聽(tīng)上去那么大呢?
[2]人們對(duì)聲音的感覺(jué)除受音量峰值影響外還受到很多因素的影響。廣告人通過(guò)嫻熟地運(yùn)用這些因素使人感覺(jué)廣告的聲音很大。能造成廣告這種高音錯(cuò)覺(jué)的一個(gè)主要的高招是使廣告中的音量變化極少。在普通節(jié)目中,聲音的強(qiáng)度在很大范圍內(nèi)變化。[2]而在廣告中,音量總是維持在最高或接近最高的峰值。
其他“獨(dú)門(mén)暗器”也被用上了。因?yàn)榈皖l聲音能蓋住音頻較高的聲音,廣告人把廣告中任何能蓋住基本信息的噪音都過(guò)濾掉。此外,人類(lèi)的聲音對(duì)聽(tīng)覺(jué)最有沖擊力的是中額區(qū)的聲音。廣告人通過(guò)電子手段改變聲音使其始終處于該頻段內(nèi)。再有一個(gè)方法就是撰寫(xiě)的腳本中使用大量輔音,因?yàn)橄鄬?duì)元音人們更注意輔音。[4]最后,廣告人嘗試使用與節(jié)目明顯不同的聲音來(lái)播出淹沒(méi)在眾多節(jié)目中的廣告。[3]因?yàn)槿藗円呀?jīng)適應(yīng)了節(jié)目中傳來(lái)的那種聲音,所以聲音的強(qiáng)烈變化會(huì)吸引觀眾的注意力。例如,你會(huì)注意到有很多廣告是用某類(lèi)歡快的歌曲開(kāi)頭的。
[4]廣告具有引人注意的特性。這種特性可從在電視機(jī)旁玩耍的一兩歲大的孩子身上得到驗(yàn)證。他們完會(huì)不理會(huì)電視里的節(jié)目,[4]但是當(dāng)廣告開(kāi)始的時(shí)候,孩子們的注意力立刻就被它那種夸張的音質(zhì)吸引過(guò)去了。