英語六級篇章閱讀練習:聲音處理
Every year television stations receive hundreds of complaints about the loudness of advertisements. However. federal rules forbid the practice of making ads louder than the programming. In addition, television stations always operate at the highest sound level allowed for reasons of efficiency. According to one NBC executive. no difference exists in the peak sound level of ads and programming. Given this information. why do commercials sound so loud?
The sensation of sound involves a variety of factors in addition to its peak level. Advertisers are skilful at creating the impression of loudness through their expert use of such factors. One major contributor to the perceived loudness of commercials is that much less variation in sound level occurs during a commercial. In regular programming the intensity of sound varies over a large range. However, sound levels in commercials tend to stay at or near peak levels.
Other "tricks of the trade" are also used. Because low-frequency sounds can mask higher frequency sounds. advertisers filter out any noises that may drown out the primary message. In addition, the human voice has more auditory (聽覺的) impact in che middle frequency ranges. Advertisers electronically vary voice sounds so that they stay within such a frequency band. Another approach is to write the script so that lots of consonants(輔音) are used, because people are more aware of consonants than vowel (元音) sounds. Finally, advertisers try to begin commercials with sounds that are highly different from those of the programming within which the commercial is buried. Because people become adapted to the type of sounds coming from programming. a dramatic change in sound quality draws viewer attention. For example. notice how many commercials begin with a cheerful song of some type.
The attention-getting property of commercials can be seen by observing one-to-two-year-old children who happen to be playing around a television set. They may totally ignore the programming. However. when a commercial comes on.their attention is immediately drawn to it because of its dramatic sound quality.
測試題
1. According to the passage, the maximum intensity of sound coming from commercials________.
A) does not exceed that of programs
B) is greater than that of programs
C) varies over a large range than that of programs
D) is less than that of programs
2. Commercials create che sensation of loudness because____________________.
A) TV stations always operate at the highest sound levels
B) their sound levels are kept around peak levels
C) their sound levels are kept in the middle frequency ranges
D) unlike regular programs their intensity of sound varies over a wide range
3. Many commercials begin with a cheerful song of some kind because_________________.
A) pop songs attract viewer attention
B) it can increase their loudness
C) advertisers want to make them sound different from regular programs
D) advertisers want to merge music with commercials
4. One of the reasons why commercials are able to attract viewer attention is that_____________.
A) the human voices in commercials have more auditory impact
B) people like cheerful songs that change dramatically in sound quality
C) high-frequency sounds are used to mask sounds that drown out the primary message
D) they possess sound qualities that make the viewer feel that something unusual is happening
5. In the passage, the author is trying to tell us________________.
A) how TV ads vary vocal sounds to attract attention
B) how the loudness of TV ads is overcome
C) how advertisers control the sound properties of TV ads
D) how the attention-getting properties of sounds are made use of in TV ads
答案詳解
1.根據文章的內容,電視廣告中最高強度的聲音_____________。
A)不會超過電視節目的聲音
B)比電視節目的聲音要強
C)強度在一個比電視節目聲音強度要廣的范圍里發生變化
D)比電視節目的聲音要弱
[A]第1段2句和第4句分別提到,聯邦法律禁止廣告聲音大于節目的聲音;國家廣播公司的某個官員稱,廣告和節目的最大音量并無區別。由此可知,廣告的聲音強度并沒有超過節目,因此A正確。
2.電視廣告讓人覺得聲音很大,因為__________________。
A)電視臺總是用最大的聲音來播出節目
B) 電視廣告的聲音被保持在最高峰值
C) 電視廣告的聲音被保持在中等波段
D) 與一般的電視節目不同,電視廣告的聲音強度在一個很廣的范圍內變化
[B]第2段第1句指出,人們對聲音的感覺會受音量峰值的影響,后面進一步說明為達到此目的,廣告人使用的技巧。再結合本段最后一句,可知B項符合題意。
3.許多電視廣告都以某種快樂的歌曲開始,因為____________________。
A)流行歌曲能夠吸引觀眾的注意力
B)它能夠提大廣告的音量
C)廣告商想要讓廣告聽上去與一般的電視節目不同
D)廣告商想要將音樂與廣告融為一體
[C]第3段例數第2句提到,人們已經適應了節目中傳來的那種聲音,因此很多廣告使用歡快的歌曲作為開頭,希望以聲音的強烈變化吸引觀眾的注意力。C正確,其他選項沒有原文依據。
4.電視廣告能夠吸引觀眾注意力的其中一個原因是________________。
A)電視廣告中的人的聲音能產生更強的聽覺影響
B)人們喜歡聲音質量有很大變化的歡快的歌曲
C)高頻的聲音是用來修飾那些壓過主要信息的聲音的
D)電視廣告的聲音質量能夠讓觀眾感到有什么特別的事情正在發生
[D]第3段指出,廣告人采用與節目明顯不同的聲音制作廣告以吸引人們的注意力。最后一段也指出廣告獨特的音質能立即吸引人們的注意,因此D正確。A是將音量保持到最高的技巧,因而與題意不符;C明顯與文中的表述相悖;B不能由文章推出。
5.作者在文章中想要告訴我們________________。
A)電視廣告是怎樣改變聲音來吸引觀眾的注意力的
B)電視廣告的大聲音是怎樣被克服的
C)廣告商是怎樣控制電視廣告的聲音特性的
D)聲音吸引人的注意力的特性是怎樣在電視廣告中得以運用的
[D]詢問文章主旨。從全文來看,作者一開始就提出“為什么商業廣告的聲音聽起來那么大”的問題,然后剖析其中的原因,說明技術人員是怎樣利用有特質的聲音來制作廣告的。因此,D正確。
參考譯文
每年電視臺都會接到上百個抱怨廣告聲音太響的投訴。[1]然而,聯邦法律禁止廣告聲音大于節目的聲音。此外,考虐到效率原因,電視臺經常使用被許可的最大音量播出。[1]據國家廣播公司的-個官員稱,廣告和節目的最大音量并無區別。既然如此,為什么廣告聲音聽上去那么大呢?
[2]人們對聲音的感覺除受音量峰值影響外還受到很多因素的影響。廣告人通過嫻熟地運用這些因素使人感覺廣告的聲音很大。能造成廣告這種高音錯覺的一個主要的高招是使廣告中的音量變化極少。在普通節目中,聲音的強度在很大范圍內變化。[2]而在廣告中,音量總是維持在最高或接近最高的峰值。
其他“獨門暗器”也被用上了。因為低頻聲音能蓋住音頻較高的聲音,廣告人把廣告中任何能蓋住基本信息的噪音都過濾掉。此外,人類的聲音對聽覺最有沖擊力的是中額區的聲音。廣告人通過電子手段改變聲音使其始終處于該頻段內。再有一個方法就是撰寫的腳本中使用大量輔音,因為相對元音人們更注意輔音。[4]最后,廣告人嘗試使用與節目明顯不同的聲音來播出淹沒在眾多節目中的廣告。[3]因為人們已經適應了節目中傳來的那種聲音,所以聲音的強烈變化會吸引觀眾的注意力。例如,你會注意到有很多廣告是用某類歡快的歌曲開頭的。
[4]廣告具有引人注意的特性。這種特性可從在電視機旁玩耍的一兩歲大的孩子身上得到驗證。他們完會不理會電視里的節目,[4]但是當廣告開始的時候,孩子們的注意力立刻就被它那種夸張的音質吸引過去了。