At the same time. the shape of the human body is going through a huge evolutionary shift because adults are getting so fat. Here in Britain. latest research shows that the average waist size for a man is 36-38 inches and may be 42-44, inches by 2032.This compares with only 32.6 inches in 1972. Women's waists have grown from an average of 22 inches in l920 to 24 inches in the Fifties and 30 inches now. One of the major reasons why children now are at greater risk is that we are getting fatter younger. In the UK alone. more than one million under-1.6s are classed as overweight or obese-double the number in the mid-Eighties. One in ten four-year-olds are also medically classified as obese.The obesity pandemic-an extensive epidemic-which started m the US, has now spread to Europe. Australia, Central America and the Middle East.

　　Many nations now record more than 20 per cent of- their population as clinically obese and well over half the population as overweight. Prof. Prentice said the change in our shape has been caused by a glut of easily available high-energy foods combined with a dramatic drop in the energy we use as a result of technology developments.

　　He is not alone in his concern. Only last week one medical journal revealed how obesity was fuelling a rise in cancer cases. Obesity also increases the risk factor for strokes and heart disease. An averagely obese person's lifespan is shortened by around nine years while a severely obese person by many more.

　　Prof. Prentice said: "So will parents outlive their children. as claimed recently by an American obesity specialist?" The answer is yes-and no. Yes,when the offspring become grossly obese. This is now becoming an alarmingly common occurrence in the US. Such children and adolescents have a greatly reduced quality of life in terms of both their physical and psychosocial health. So say No to that doughnut and burger.

　　測試題

　　1.Professor Andrew Prentice says kids will die young because of their__________________.

　　2.In Britain, overweight or obese under-16s in the mid-Eighties were___________________today.

　　3.What should be responsible for the change in our body shape according to the passage?

　　4.The risk of some diseases such as cancer. strokes and heart disease may become greater due to_____________.

　　5.What does the author suggest we do by saying "say No to that doughnut and burger" ?

　　答案詳解

　　1.[fatty fast-food diets and sedentary lifestyles/unhealthy lifestyles]

　　[定位]根據(jù)kids will die young查找到第1段第3句。

　　解析：題干出現(xiàn)在原文中mean的后面，因此答案應(yīng)該在mean前面查找。本題可使用原詞答題，也可用unhealthy lifestyles進(jìn)行歸納總結(jié)。

　　2.[half as many as]

　　[定位]根據(jù)under-16s查找到第2段倒數(shù)第3句。

　　解析：原文破折號后面的double表明現(xiàn)在英國16歲以下的超重或肥胖人數(shù)是80年代中期的兩倍，題目問的是80年代中期的情況，因此需填入half as many as，表示80年代中期的人數(shù)是現(xiàn)在的一半。

　　3.[High-energy foods and a drop in the energy we use.//High-energy foods and less energy we consume.]

　　[定位]根據(jù)change in our body shape查找到第3段最后1句。

　　解析：題目中的responsible for表明了原文的因果關(guān)系，關(guān)鍵是對caused by后面的成分進(jìn)行提煉得出答案。

　　4.[obesity/overweight]

　　[定位]根據(jù)題干中的疾病名稱查找到第4段第2、3句。

　　解析：原文說到obesity(肥胖)導(dǎo)致癌癥病人的增加，還會導(dǎo)致中風(fēng)和心臟病危險(xiǎn)因素的增加，因此答案為obesity或其同義詞overweight。

　　5.[Lead a healthy life.//Do not try unhealthy/junk food.]

　　[定位]文章最后一句。

　　解析：上文提到，從身體健康和社會心理健康而言，兒童和青少年的生活質(zhì)量下降了，由此可知我們應(yīng)該拒絕炸面包圈和漢堡包等不健康的食品，或者說我們應(yīng)該過一種健康的生活。

　　參考譯文

　　小孩長得太胖了——他們可能會成為先于父母死去的第一代人，一個(gè)專家昨天宣稱?，F(xiàn)在的青少年已經(jīng)因?yàn)槌囟蔀樘悄虿〉葷撛跉⑹值氖芎φ摺1]高脂肪的快餐飲食加上久坐于電視和電腦前的生活方式可能意味著孩子會悲慘地早逝，倫敦衛(wèi)生及熱帶醫(yī)學(xué)院的教授安德魯·普倫蒂斯如是說。

　　與此同時(shí)，由于成年人變得非常肥胖，人類的體形正在經(jīng)歷一個(gè)巨大的演變。在英國，最新的研究表明，男人的平均腰圍達(dá)到36-38英寸，到2032年還可能達(dá)到42-44英寸。相比之下，1972年的數(shù)據(jù)僅僅是32.6英寸。女人的平均腰圍從1920年的22英寸增長到50年代的24英寸，而現(xiàn)在已達(dá)到30英寸。兒童現(xiàn)在面臨重大的危險(xiǎn)，其中一個(gè)主要原因是肥胖的年輕化。[2]僅僅在英國，就有超過lOO萬16歲以下的少年被列為超重或肥胖，其數(shù)量是80年代中期的2倍。4歲的兒童中每10個(gè)就有一個(gè)在醫(yī)學(xué)上被認(rèn)定為肥胖。肥胖流行病——一場廣泛的傳染病——從美國開始，現(xiàn)已傳播到歐洲、澳大利亞、中美洲和中東。

　　目前，很多國家有超過20%的人口被臨床確診為肥胖.還有大半的人口被確認(rèn)為超重。[3]普倫蒂斯教授解釋說，隨手可得的高能量食物的泛濫，加上人們?nèi)粘５哪芰肯囊蚩萍歼M(jìn)步而顯著降低，這些都導(dǎo)致了人們體形的改變。

　　擔(dān)心這個(gè)問題的不只是他一個(gè)人。[4]上周就有一份醫(yī)學(xué)雜志揭示了肥胖如何導(dǎo)致癌癥病例的上升。肥胖還會增加中風(fēng)和心臟病的危險(xiǎn)。普通肥胖者的壽命會縮短9年左右，而嚴(yán)重肥胖者的壽命還要縮短更多年。

　　普倫蒂斯教授說：“那么，是否如最近一個(gè)美國肥胖研究專家所聲稱的那樣，父母會比他們的孩子還活得長?”答案是“是”——也是“不是”。如果后代變得很肥胖時(shí)那就是“是”。這種現(xiàn)象在美國已變得驚人的常見。這類孩子和青少年的生活質(zhì)量大為下降，無論從身體健康還是社會心理健康的角度看都如此。[5]因此，讓我們向油炸面包圈和漢堡包說“不”吧。