Even amid the scarcity there are haves and have – notes. Compared with the United States， which in 1990 had a freshwater potential of 10000 cubic meters(2.6 million galloons) a year for each citizen， Iraq had 5 500， Turkey had 4 000， and Syria had more than 2 800. Egypt's potential was only 1 100. Israel had 460， Jordan a meager 260. But these are not firm figures， because upstream use of river water can dramatically alter the potential downstream.

　　Scarcity is only one element of the crisis. Inefficiency is another， as is the reluctance of some water – poor nations to change priorities from agriculture to less water – intensive enterprises. Some experts suggest that if nations would share both water technology and resources， they could satisfy the region's population， currently 159 million. But in this patchwork of ethnic and religious rivalries， water seldom stands alone as an issue. It is entangled in the politics that keep people from trusting and seeking help from one another. Here， where water， like truth， is precious， each nation tends to find its own water and supply its own truth.

　　As Israeli hydrology professor Uri Shamir told me ：“ If there is political will for peace， water will not be a hindrance. If you want reasons to fight， water will not e a hindrance. If you want reasons to fight， water will give you ample opportunities.”

　　1.Why “for next November” (para.1)? Because________.

　　A.according to the Ole Testament fresh water is available only in November

　　B.rainfall comes only in winter starting form November

　　C.running water systems will not be ready until next November

　　D.it is a custom in that region that irrigation to crops is done only in November

　　2.What is the cause for the imminent water war?

　　A.Lack of water resources

　　B.Lack of rainfall

　　C.Inefficient use of water

　　D.All the above

　　3.One way for the region to use water efficiently is to _______

　　A.develop other enterprises that cost less water

　　B.draw a plan of irrigation for the various nations

　　C.import water from water – rich nations

　　D.stop wars of any sort for good and all

　　4.Uri Shamir's viewpoint is that ________.

　　A.nations in that region are just fighting for water

　　B.people there are thirsty for peace instead of water

　　C.water is no problem as long as there is peace

　　D.those nations have every reason to fight for water

　　5.The author's tone in the article can be described as ______-.

　　A.depressing

　　B.urgent

　　C.joking

　　D.mocking

　　參考答案：

　　BDACB

　　Most people would probably agree that many individual consumer adverts function on the level of the daydream. By picturing quite unusually happy and glamorous people whose success in either career of sexual terms, or both, is obvious, adverts construct an imaginary world in which the reader is able to make come true those desires which remain unsatisfied in his or her everyday life.

　　An advert for a science fiction magazine is unusually explicit about this. In addition to the primary use value of the magazine, the reader is promised access to a wonderful universe through the product—access to other mysterious and tantalizing worlds and epochs, the realms of the imagination. When studying advertising, it is therefore unreasonable to expect readers to decipher adverts as factual statements about reality. Most adverts are just too meagre in informative content and too rich in emotional suggestive detail to be read literally. If people read then literally, they would soon be forced to realize their error when the glamorous promises held out by the adverts didn’t materialize.

　　The average consumer is not surprised that his purchase of the commodity does not redeem the promise of the advertisement, for this is what he is used to in life: the individual’s pursuit of happiness and success is usually in vain. But the fantasy is his to keep; in his dream world he enjoys a “future endlessly deferred”.

　　The Estivalia advert is quite explicit about the fact that advertising shows us not reality, but a fantasy; it does so by openly admitting the daydream but in a way that insists on the existence of a bridge linking daydream to reality—Estivalia, which is “for daydream believers”, those who refuse to give up trying to make the hazy ideal of natural beauty and harmony come true.

　　If adverts function on the daydream level, it clearly becomes in adequate to merely condemn advertising for channeling readers’ attention and desires towards an unrealistic, paradisiacal nowhere land. Advertising certainly does that, but in order for people to find it relevant, the utopia visualized in adverts must be linked to our surrounding reality by a casual connection.

　　1.The people in adverts are in most coves ___.

　　A.happy and glamorous

　　B.successful

　　C.obvious

　　D.both A and B

　　2.When the glamorous promises held out by the adverts didn’t materialize the average consumer is not surprised, because ___.

　　A.The consumer is used to the fact that the individual’s pursuit of happiness and success is usually in vain.

　　B.Adverts are factual statements about reality.

　　C.The consumer can come into the realms of imagination pictured by adverts.

　　D.Adverts can make the consumer’s dreams come true.

　　3.What’s the bridge linking daydream to reality in adverts?

　　A.The product.

　　B.Estivalia.

　　C.Pictures.

　　D.Happy and glamorous people.

　　4.Why does the consumer accept the daydream in adverts?

　　A.Because the consumer enjoys a “future endlessly deferred.”

　　B.Because the consumer gives up trying to make his dream come true.

　　C.Because the utopia is visualized in adverts.

　　D.Because his purchased of the commodity does not redeem the promise of the advertisement.

　　5.What is this passage mainly concerned with?

　　A.Many adverts can be read literally.

　　B.Everyone has a daydream.

　　C.Many adverts function on the level of the daydream.

　　D.Many adverts are deceitful because they can not make good their promises.

　　參考答案：

　　DABAC