Questions 1 to 5 are based on the passage above.

　　1. According to the first paragragh,why do Americans like debates among candidates?

　　A.The quality of the debates is heralded.

　　B.A telling gaffe may make candidates awkward.

　　C.Debates are rare in other countries.

　　D.They can make comparison among candidates.

　　2. We know from the passage that one of the reasons for some candidates dislike debating is that_____.

　　A.it is difficult to control the circumstance in debating

　　B.the American people don't expect it

　　C.it is impossible to make debate rules needed

　　D.they don't want to hurt their opponents

　　3.In 2000,the presidential debates were organized by_____.

　　A.third party candidates

　　B.the Commission on Presidential Debates

　　C.Democrats and Republicans

　　D.Non-government Organization

　　4.The Lincoln-Douglas debates are spoken highly of because_____.

　　A.Lincoln was the first Republican president of the US

　　B.the historic speeches made by Lincoln were excellent

　　C.Stephen Douglas was the incumbent at that time

　　D.Abraham Lincoln was anti-slavery

　　5.In the eyes of the author,the debates in Election 2000_____.

　　A.has become the best debates in American History

　　B.were the worst nightmare of any presidential hopeful

　　C.could not be as good as the Lincoln-Douglas debates

　　D.had close relationship with the Lincoln-Douglas debates

　　1.選D。本題為主要細節正誤題。根據第一段中“Americans like debates because the candidates can be compared in an unscripted, live performance”可判斷最佳答案是D。

　　2.選A。本題為主要細節正誤題。第二段說“some candidates, particularly frontrunners10, are reluctant to risk their chances in such an uncontrolled environment”，由此可知，這些候選人擔心無法控制辯論情況，A選項與其意思一致。

　　3.選B。本題為主要細節正誤題。從第三段“　Since 1987, the presidential debates have been organized by the bipartisan17 organization, the Commission on Presidential Debates”可以判斷自1987年以來包括(2000年)的總統辯論由共和、民主兩黨組成的“總統辯論委員會”組織實施。

　　4.選B。本題為主要細節正誤題。文章最后一段“The Lincoln Douglas debates are still heralded20 for the quality of the discourse at a crucial time in the nation's history”表明，他們之間的辯論由于其演說質量而今仍被人們稱頌，B選項與其意思一致。

　　5.選C。本題為觀點態度推斷題。從最后一段“Whatever the quality of the debates in Election 2000, they are unlikely to equal the most famous political debates in American history……”可推知。

　　Look at the keyboard of any standard typewriter or computer. "Q," "W," "E," "R," "T" and "Y" are the first six letters. Who decided on this arrangement of the letters? And why?

　　People tried for centuries to invent the typewriter. In 1714 in England, Henry Mill filed a patent for a machine called An Artificial Machine or Method for the Impressing or Transcribing of Letters, Singly or Progressively one after another, as in Writing, whereby all Writing whatsoever may be Engrossed in Paper or Parchment so Neat and Exact as not to be distinguished from Print. That machine probably didn' t sell because no one could remember its name!

　　The first practical typewriter was patented in the United States in 1868 by Christopher Latham Sholes. His machine was known as the type-writer. It had a movable carriage, a lever for turning paper from line to line, and a keyboard on which the letters were arranged in alphabetical order.

　　But Sholes had a problem. On his first model, his "ABC" key arrangement caused the keys to jam when the typist worked quickly. Sholes didn' t know how to keep the keys from sticking, so his solution was to keep the typist from typing too fast.Sholes asked his brother-in-law to rearrange the keyboard so that the commonest letters were not so close together and the type bars would come from opposite directions. Thus they would not clash together and jam the machine.The new arrangement was the QWERTY arrangement typists use today. Of course, Sholes claimed that the new arrangement was scientific and would add speed and efficiency. The only efficiency it added was to slow the typist down, since almost any word in the English language required the typist' s fingers to cover more distance on the keyboard.

　　The advantages of the typewriter outweighed the disadvantages of the keyboard. Typists memorized the crazy letter arrangement, and the typewriter became a huge success. By the time typists had memorized the new arrangement of letters and built their speed, typewriter technology had improved, and the keys didn' t stick as badly as they had at first.

　　Questions 1 to 5 are based on the passage above.

　　1.We know from the passage that the inventor of the first practical typewriter is_____.

　　A.Henry Mill B.Christopher Latham Sholes

　　C.Sholes'brother-in-law D.Allbert Einstein

　　2.The author thinks the machine invented by Henry Mill could not be sold because_____.

　　A.it was difficult for people to accept new things

　　B.there were great disadvantages of the keyboard

　　C.the machine could not be distinguished from print

　　D.the name of the machine was too long

　　3.Sholes decided the QWERTY arrangement of the keyboard in order to_____.

　　A.arrange the letters in alphabetical order

　　B.cause the keys to jam when the typist worked quickly

　　C.solve the problem of the keys jamming

　　D.compete with "ABC" key arrangement

　　4.It is inferred that the QWERTY arrangement of the keyboard_____.

　　A.is the most scientific arrangement B.adds speed and efficiency of typists

　　C.keeps the typist from typing too fast D.is easy for typists to memorize

　　5.Which of the following can be the best title of the passage?

　　A.The Arrangement of The Letters on Keyboard

　　B.The Story of Christopher Latham Sholes

　　C.How to Invent The Typewriter

　　D.The First Practical Typewriter

　　1.選B。本題為主要細節正誤題。第三段第一句說“The first practical typewriter was patented in the United States in 1868 by Christopher Latham Sholes.”，由此可知，B選項正確。

　　2.選D。本題為觀點態度推斷題。第二段最后一句“That machine probably didn't sell because no one could remember its name!”可推知，坐著認為機器可能賣不出去是因為它的名字太長了，沒有人能記住。

　　3.選C。本題為觀點態度推斷題。從第四段“……his "ABC" key arrangement caused the keys to jam when the typist worked quickly. ”可知，肖爾斯決定“QWERTY”這種排列是為了解決“ABC”鍵這種排列所引起的“鍵堵塞”問題。

　　4.選C。本題為主要細節正誤題。從第四段中的“……his solution was to keep the typist from typing too fast.”和“The only efficiency it added was to slow the typist down……”可知，QWERTY排列只能讓打字員的打字速度慢下來，C選項與其意思一致。

　　5.選A。本題為主旨歸納題。第一段的“Who decided on this arrangement of the letters? And why?”是全文的主旨句，文章后面的內容都是圍繞這兩個問題展開的。